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Erschienen in: Der Pathologe 5/2018

13.08.2018 | Hyperparathyreoidismus | Schwerpunkt: Ektopes Gewebe

Ektopes Gewebe der Schilddrüse und der Nebenschilddrüsen

verfasst von: S. Theurer, U. Siebolts, K. Lorenz, H. Dralle, Prof. Dr. K. W. Schmid

Erschienen in: Die Pathologie | Ausgabe 5/2018

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Zusammenfassung

Ektopes Schilddrüsengewebe entsteht durch entwicklungsgeschichtliche Defekte der frühen Stadien der Schilddrüsenembryogenese, bei der es zu einem Deszensus der medianen Schilddrüsenanlage vom Mundboden zu ihrer endgültigen prätrachealen Position kommt. Die häufigsten Lokalisationen ektopen Gewebes sind dementsprechend im Bereich des Mundbodens und im Verlauf des Ductus thyreoglossus; seltene Lokalisationen sind intrathorakal (mediastinal, kardial, pulmonal) und unterhalb des Zwerchfells (u. a. Nebennieren, Leber, Gallenblase, Gastrointestinaltrakt). Die wichtigste Differenzialdiagnose ist die Unterscheidung von Metastasen eines differenzierten Schilddrüsenkarzinoms.
Die Nebenschilddrüsenektopie ist dagegen nicht einheitlich definiert. Üblicherweise werden die Positionen zervikal-zentral als „Lagevarianten“ bezeichnet (ausgenommen Kieferhöhle, hoch parapharyngeal) und die zervikal-lateralen (Karotisscheide, N. vagus) und die unterhalb der V. brachiocephalica und mediastinalen (extraligamentär, aortopulmonales Fenster, paravagal) sowie seltenere Positionen als „ektope Lage“ eingeordnet. Nebenschilddrüsenektopien sind häufig (in Autopsiestudien in 28–42,8 % aller Menschen). Im Rahmen eines primären Hyperparathyreoidismus (pHPT) besteht eine Prävalenz von 6,3–16 % von ektopem hyperfunktionalem Nebenschilddrüsengewebe (ganz überwiegend Adenome), die bei der chirurgischen Therapie des pHPT eine wichtige Rolle spielen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Ektopes Gewebe der Schilddrüse und der Nebenschilddrüsen
verfasst von
S. Theurer
U. Siebolts
K. Lorenz
H. Dralle
Prof. Dr. K. W. Schmid
Publikationsdatum
13.08.2018
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Pathologie / Ausgabe 5/2018
Print ISSN: 2731-7188
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7196
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00292-018-0467-1

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