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Erschienen in: Der Pathologe 3/2019

07.11.2019 | Harnblasenkarzinom | Hauptreferate: Hauptprogramm der DGP

Therapieprädiktive Biomarker des Harnblasenkarzinoms

verfasst von: PD Dr. H. Reis, T. Szarvas, Priv.-Doz. Dr.

Erschienen in: Die Pathologie | Sonderheft 3/2019

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

In den letzten Jahren hat es beim fortgeschrittenen Urothelkarzinom der Harnblase bezüglich der therapeutischen Möglichkeiten deutliche Fortschritte gegeben.

Ziel der Arbeit

Ziel der Arbeit ist es, einen Überblick über den aktuellen Stand und zukünftige Entwicklungen der therapeutischen Möglichkeiten zu geben. Dabei liegt der Schwerpunkt auf der Diskussion gewebebasierter therapieprädiktiver Marker, deren Erhebung eine Domäne der (Molekular‑)Pathologie ist und damit die Rolle der Pathologie als Fach insgesamt stärkt.

Material und Methoden

Es wurden die aktuelle (Studien‑)Datenlage, Literatur sowie eigene Erfahrungen berücksichtigt und in die Teilbereiche der Therapieprädiktion einer platinhaltigen Chemotherapie, Immuntherapie und weiterer Therapieansätze zusammengefasst.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion

Die molekularen Subtypen zeigen in der Therapieprädiktion sowohl der platinhaltigen Chemotherapie wie auch der Immuntherapie eine klare Wertigkeit, wobei es zur genauen Definition noch weiterer Arbeiten und Klärung bedarf. Als weitere Marker des Chemotherapieerfolgs zeigen Genveränderungen in den DNA-Schäden-Reparaturenzymen (DDR), ERCC2 und ERBB2 sowie die Expressionsunterschiede von EMMPRIN, Survivin und HMGA2 vielversprechende Ergebnisse. Bei der Prädiktion eines Immuntherapieerfolgs betrifft dieses vor allem die Evaluation der Tumormutationslast („tumor mutational burden“, TMB), Tumor-Neoantigenlast („tumor neoantigen burden“, TNB), APOBEC-Signaturen (MSig1; 3A/3B) und CD8-positiven T‑Effektorzell-Signatur. Beim Einsatz des in dieser Indikation noch nicht in Deutschland zugelassenen FGFR(„fibroblast growth factor receptor“)-Inhibitors Erdafitinib ist die Evaluation von spezifischen FGFR-Mutationen und/oder Fusionen per companion-diagnostic-Test in den USA verpflichtend.
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Metadaten
Titel
Therapieprädiktive Biomarker des Harnblasenkarzinoms
verfasst von
PD Dr. H. Reis
T. Szarvas, Priv.-Doz. Dr.
Publikationsdatum
07.11.2019
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Pathologie / Ausgabe Sonderheft 3/2019
Print ISSN: 2731-7188
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7196
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00292-019-00688-5

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