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World Journal of Urology

Erschienen in:

01.04.2009 | Topic Paper

Penile cancer: epidemiology, pathogenesis and prevention

verfasst von: M. C. G. Bleeker, D. A. M. Heideman, P. J. F. Snijders, S. Horenblas, J. Dillner, C. J. L. M. Meijer

Erschienen in: World Journal of Urology | Ausgabe 2/2009

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Abstract

Objectives

Penile cancer is a disease with a high morbidity and mortality. Its prevalence is relatively rare, but the highest in some developing countries. Insight into its precursor lesions, pathogenesis and risk factors offers options to prevent this potentially mutilating disease. This review presents an overview of the different histologically and clinically identified precursor lesions of penile cancer and discusses the molecular pathogenesis, including the role of HPV in penile cancer development.

Methods

A systematic review of the literature evaluating penile carcinogenesis, risk factors and molecular mechanisms involved.

Results

Careful monitoring of men with lichen sclerosis, genital Bowen’s disease, erythroplasia of Queyrat and bowenoid papulosis seems useful, thereby offering early recognition of penile cancer and, subsequently, conservative therapeutic options. Special attention is given to flat penile lesions, which contain high numbers of HPV. Their role in HPV transmission to sexual partners is highlighted, but their potential to transform as a precursor lesion into penile cancer has been unsatisfactorily explored.

Conclusions

Further research should not only focus on HPV mediated pathogenic pathways but also on the non-HPV related molecular and genetic factors that play a role in penile cancer development. Options for prevention of penile cancer include (neonatal) circumcision, limitation of penile HPV infections (either by prophylactic vaccination or condom use), prevention of phimosis, treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions, limiting PUVA treatment, smoking cessation and hygienic measures.

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Titel: Penile cancer: epidemiology, pathogenesis and prevention
verfasst von: M. C. G. Bleeker
D. A. M. Heideman
P. J. F. Snijders
S. Horenblas
J. Dillner
C. J. L. M. Meijer
Publikationsdatum: 01.04.2009
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in: World Journal of Urology / Ausgabe 2/2009
Print ISSN: 0724-4983
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-8726
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-008-0302-z

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Penile cancer: epidemiology, pathogenesis and prevention

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Stufenschema weist Prostatakarzinom zuverlässig nach

Harnwegsinfektprophylaxe: Es geht auch ohne Antibiotika

Update Urologie

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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Update Urologie