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Candida urinary tract infections in adults

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Abstract

Candiduria is commonly seen in hospitalized patients and most of the patients are asymptomatic, but it may be due to cystitis, pyelonephritis, prostatitis, epididymo-orchitis or disseminated candidiasis. Major risk factors are diabetes mellitus, indwelling urinary catheters, use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, urinary obstruction, and admission to intensive care units. Candida urinary tract infections can be caused by hematogenous spread following candidemia, or retrograde route via the urethra. The presence of Candida species in urine in asymptomatic patients does not warrant antifungal therapy except neutropenic patients, very low-birth-weight infants and patients undergoing urologic procedures. Fluconazole is the treatment of choice for symptomatic infections, it achieves high urinary levels. The other azole antifungals and echinocandins do not reach sufficient urine levels. Amphotericin B deoxycholate is the alternative antifungal agent if fluconazole can not be used because of resistance, allergy or failure.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Marmara Universitesi Hastanesi, Fevzi Cakmak mahallesi, Muhsin Yazicioglu caddesi, No:10, 34899, Pendik/Istanbul, Turkey

    Zekaver Odabasi

  2. Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Ali Mert

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  1. Zekaver Odabasi
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  2. Ali Mert
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ZO literature search and manuscript writing, AM manuscript editing.

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Correspondence to Zekaver Odabasi.

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Odabasi, Z., Mert, A. Candida urinary tract infections in adults. World J Urol 38, 2699–2707 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-019-02991-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-019-02991-5

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