nach oben

Die Ophthalmologie

Erschienen in:

01.12.2008 | Leitthema

Risikofaktoren und Prävention der Retinopathia praematurorum

verfasst von: L. Pelken, Prof. Dr. R.F. Maier

Erschienen in: Die Ophthalmologie | Ausgabe 12/2008

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Die Geschichte der Retinopathia praematurorum (ROP) ist das Paradebeispiel dafür, wie gefährlich die unkontrollierte Einführung einer neuen Behandlungsform gerade in der Neonatologie sein kann. Wichtigste Risikofaktoren für eine ROP sind die Unreife der Frühgeborenen und die unkontrollierte bzw. inadäquate Behandlung mit Sauerstoff. Das Frühgeborene ist im Vergleich zum Feten einer unphysiologisch hohen Sauerstoffkonzentration ausgesetzt. Diese relative Hyperoxie führt einerseits zur Bildung aggressiver Sauerstoffradikale, andererseits zu einer reduzierten Produktion von Wachstumsfaktoren wie VEGF und EPO, die in der Pathogenese der ROP eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Wichtigste Maßnahme zur Prävention der ROP ist der sparsame und gut überwachte Einsatz von Sauerstoff. Medikamentöse Ansätze beinhalten die Injektion von D-Penicillamin und Vitamin A, wobei die Datenlage insbesondere hinsichtlich Langzeitwirkungen dieser Behandlungsformen noch sehr begrenzt ist. Eine gesteigerte Sauerstoffzufuhr bei bestehender Retinopathie führt nicht zur Besserung des Augenbefunds, erhöht aber die Häufigkeit pulmonaler Komplikationen. Eine Lichtreduktion auf Intensivstationen hat sich nicht als effizient zur Prävention der ROP erwiesen. Um behandlungsbedürftige Kinder rechtzeitig zu erfassen und die Erblindung zu vermeiden, ist ein standardisiertes konsequentes Screening der Risikogruppe erforderlich.

Akkoyun I, Oto S, Yilmaz G et al. (2006) Risk factors in the development of mild and severe retinopathy of prematurity. J AAPOS 40: 449–453

Anderson CG, Benitz WE, Madan A (2004) Retinopathy of prematurity and pulse oximetry: A national survey of recent practices. J Perinatol 24: 164–168PubMedCrossRef

Ashton N, Ward B, Serpell G (1953) Role of oxygen in the genesis of retrolental fibroplasia a; a preliminary report. Br J Ophthalmol 37: 513–520PubMedCrossRef

Askie LM, Henderson Smart DJ (2001) Restricted vs. liberal oxygen exposure for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm or low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD001077

Askie LM, Henderson-Smart DJ, Irwig L, Simpson JM (2003) Oxygen-saturation targets and outcomes in extremely preterm infants. N Engl J Med 349: 959–967PubMedCrossRef

Avery ME (1960) Recent increase in mortality from hyaline membrane disease. J Pediatr 57: 553–559PubMedCrossRef

Bharwani SK, Dhanireddy R (2008) Systemic fungal infection is associated with the development of retinopathy of prematurity in very low birth weight infants: a meta-review. J Perinatol 28: 61–66PubMedCrossRef

Bizzarro MJ, Hussain N, Jonsson B et al. (2006) Genetic susceptibility to retinopathy of prematurity. Pediatrics 118: 1858–1863PubMedCrossRef

Brooks SE, Marcus DM, Gillis D et al. (1999) The effect of blood transfusion protocol on retinopathy of prematurity: A prospective, randomized study. Pediatrics 104: 514–518PubMedCrossRef

10.

Campbell K (1951) Intensive oxygen therapy as a possible cause of retrolental fibroplasias; a clinical approach. Med J Aust 2: 48–50PubMed

11.

Chen J, Smith LE (2007) Retinopathy of prematurity. Angiogenesis 10: 133–140PubMedCrossRef

12.

Chow LC, Wright KW, Sola A (2003) Can changes in clinical practice decrease the incidence of severe retinopathy of prematurity in very low birth weight infants? Pediatrics 111: 339–345PubMedCrossRef

13.

Christensen RD, Alder SC, Richards SC et al. (2007) D-Penicillamine administration and the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity. J Perinatol 27: 103–111PubMedCrossRef

14.

Coleman RJ, Beharry KD, Brock RS et al. (2008) Effects of brief, clustered versus dispersed hypoxic episodes on systemic and ocular growth factors in a rat model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. Pediatr Res 64: 50–55PubMed

15.

Cooke RW, Clark D, Hickey-Dwyer M, Weindling AM (1993) The apparent role of blood transfusions in the development of retinopathy of prematurity. Eur J Pediatr 152: 833–836PubMedCrossRef

16.

Cunningham S, Fleck BW, Elton RA, McIntosh N (1995) Transcutaneous oxygen levels in retinopathy of prematurity. Lancet 346: 1464–1465PubMedCrossRef

17.

Dani C, Reali MF, Bertini G et al. (2001) The role of blood transfusions and iron intake on retinopathy of prematurity. Early Hum Dev 62: 57–63PubMedCrossRef

18.

Darlow BA, Graham PJ (2007) Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in very low birthweight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD000501

19.

Darlow BA, Elder MJ, Horwood LJ et al. (2008) Does observer bias contribute to variations in the rate of retinopathy of prematurity between centres? Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 36: 43–46PubMedCrossRef

20.

Deulofeut R, Critz A, Adams-Chapman I, Sola A (2006) Avoiding hyperoxia in infants < or = 1250 g is associated with improved short- and long-term outcomes. J Perinatol 26: 700–705PubMedCrossRef

21.

Eliason KJ, Dane Osborn J, Amsel E, Richards SC (2007) Incidence, progression and duration of retinopathy of prematurity in Hispanic and white non-Hispanic infants. J AAPOS 11: 447–451PubMedCrossRef

22.

Felderhoff-Mueser U, Bittigau P, Sifringer M et al. (2004) Oxygen causes cell death in the developing brain. Neurobiol Dis 17: 273–282PubMedCrossRef

23.

Flynn JT, Bancalari E, Snyder ES et al. (1992) A cohort study of transcutaneous oxygen tension and the incidence and severity of retinoipathy of prematurity. N Eng J Med 326: 1050–1054CrossRef

24.

Garg R, Agthe AG, Donohue PK, Lehmann CU (2003) Hyperglycemia and retinopathy of prematurity in very low birth weight infants. J Perinatol 23: 186–194PubMedCrossRef

25.

Gerstner B, DeSilva TM, Genz K et al. (2008) Hyperoxia causes maturation-dependent cell death in the developing white matter. J Neurosci 28: 1236–1245PubMedCrossRef

26.

Gibson DL, Sheps SB, Schechter MT, Wiggins S, McCormick AQ (1989) Retinopathy of prematurity: a new epidemic? Pediatrics 83: 486–492PubMed

27.

Heller CD, O’Shea M, Yao Q et al. (2007) Human milk intake and retinopathy of prematurity in extremely low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 120: 1–9PubMedCrossRef

28.

Hesse L, Eberl W, Schlaud M, Poets CF (1997) Blood transfusion. Iron load and retinopathy of prematurity. Eur J Pediatr 156: 465–470PubMedCrossRef

29.

Higgins RD, Mendelsohn AL, DeFeo MJ et al. (1998) Antenatal dexamethasone and decreased severity of retinopathy of prematurity. Arch Ophthalmol 116: 601–605PubMed

30.

Hussain N, Clive J, Bhandari V (1999) Current incidence of retinopathy of prematurity, 1989–1997. Pediatrics 104: e26PubMedCrossRef

31.

Inder TE, Clemett RS, Austin NC et al. (1997) High iron status in very low birth weight infants is associated with an increased risk of retinopathy of prematurity. J Pediatr131: 541–544

32.

Jandeck C, Kellner U, Lorenz B, Seiberth V (2008) Guidelines for ophthalmological screening of premature infants in Germany. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 225: 123–130PubMedCrossRef

33.

Karlowicz MG, Giannone PJ, Pestian J et al. (2000) Does candidemia predict threshold retinopathy of prematurity in extremely low birth weight (<1000 g) neonates? Pediatrics 105: 1036–1040PubMedCrossRef

34.

Kinsey VE, Arnold HJ, Kalina RE et al. (1977) PaO2 levels and retrolental fibroplasia: a report of the cooperative study. Pediatrics 60: 655–668PubMed

35.

Lad EM, Nguyen TC, Morton JM, Moshfeghi DM (2008) Retinopathy of prematurity in the United States. Br J Ophthalmol 92: 320–325PubMedCrossRef

36.

Lloyd J, Askie L, Smith J, Tarnow-Mordi W (2003) Supplemental oxygen for the treatment of prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD003482

37.

Maier RF, Obladen M, Scigalla P et al. (1994) The effect of epoetin beta (recombinant human erythropoietin) on the need for transfusion in very-low-birth-weight infants. European multicentre erythropoietin study group. N Engl J Med 330: 1173–1178PubMedCrossRef

38.

Maier RF, Obladen M, Müller-Hansen I et al. (2002) Early treatment with erythropoietin beta ameliorates anemia and educes transfusion requirements in infants with birth weights below 1000 g. J Pediatr 141: 8–15PubMedCrossRef

39.

Manzoni P, Farina D, Maestri A et al. (2007) Mode of delivery and threshold retinopathy of prematurity in pre-term ELBW neonates. Acta Paediatr 96: 221–226PubMedCrossRef

40.

Mintz-Hittner HA, Prager TC, Kretzer FL (1992) Visual acuity correlates with severity of retinopathy of prematurity in untreated infants weighing 750 g or less at birth. Arch Ophthalmol 110: 1087–1091PubMed

41.

Ohlsson A, Aher SM (2006) Early erythropoietin for preventing red blood cell transfusion in preterm and/or low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD004863

42.

Okamoto T, Shirai M, Kokubo M et al. (2007) Human milk reduces the risk of retinal detachment in extremely low-birthweight infants. Pediatr Int 49: 894–897PubMedCrossRef

43.

Palmer EA, Flynn JT, Hardy RJ et al. (1991) Incidence and early course of retinopathy of prematurity. Ophthalmology 98: 1628–1640PubMed

44.

Phelps DL, Lakatos L, Watts JL (2001) D-Penicillamins for preventing retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD001073

45.

Phelps DL, Watts JL (2001) Early light reduction for preventing retinopathy of prematurity in very low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD000122

46.

Patz A, Eastham A, Higginbotham DH, Kleh T (1953) Oxygen studies in retrolental fibroplasia. II. The production of the microscopic changes of retrolental fibroplasia in experimental animals. Am J Ophthalmol 36: 1511–1522PubMed

47.

Raju TN, Langenberg P, Bhutani V, Quinn GE (1997) Vitamin E prophylaxis to reduce retinopathy of prematurity: a reappraisal of published trials. J Pediatr 131: 844–850PubMedCrossRef

48.

Riise R (1993) Nordic registers of visually impaired children. Scand J Soc Med 21: 66–68PubMed

49.

Reynolds JD, Hardy RJ, Kennedy KA et al. (1998) Lack of efficacy of light reduction in preventing retinopathy of prematurity. N Engl J Med 338: 1572–1576PubMedCrossRef

50.

Rusai K, Vannay A, Szebeni B et al. (2008) Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene T-786C and 27-bp repeat gene polymorphisms in retinopathy of prematurity. Mol Vis 14: 286–290PubMed

51.

Saugstad OD (2003) Bronchopulmonary dysplasia-oxidative stress and antioxidants. Semin Neonatol 8: 39–49PubMedCrossRef

52.

Seiberth V, Linderkamp O (2000) Risk factors in retinopathy of prematurity. A multivariate statistical analysis. Ophthalmologica 214: 131–135PubMedCrossRef

53.

Signorini C, Perrone S, Sgherri C et al. (2008) Plasma esterified F2-isoprostanes and oxidative stress in newborns: role of nonprotein-bound iron. Pediatr Res 63: 287–291PubMedCrossRef

54.

Smolkin T, Steinberg M, Sujov P et al. (2008) Late postnatal systemic steroids predispose to retinopathy of prematurity in very-low-birth-weight infants: a comparative study. Acta Paediatr 97: 322–326PubMedCrossRef

55.

Sola A, Rogido MR, Deulofeut R (2007) Oxygen as a neonatal health hazard: call for détente in clinical practice. Acta Paediatr 96: 801–812PubMedCrossRef

56.

Steinkuller PG, Du L, Gilbert C et al. (1999) Childhood Blindness. J AAPOS 3: 26–32PubMedCrossRef

57.

STOP ROP (2000) Supplemental therapeutic oxygen for prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity, a randomized, controlled trial. I: Primary outcomes. Pediatrics 105: 295–310CrossRef

58.

Subhani M, Combs A, Weber P et al. (2001) Screening guidelines for retinopathy of prematurity: The need for revision in extremely low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 107: 656–659PubMedCrossRef

59.

Terry TL (1942) Fibroblastic overgrowth of persistent tunica vasculosa lentis in infants born prematurely: II. Report of cases-clinical aspects. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 40: 262–284PubMed

60.

Thibeault DW (2000) The precarious antioxidant defenses of the preterm infant. Am J Perinatol 17: 167–181PubMedCrossRef

61.

Vanderveen DK, Mansfield TA, Eichenwald EC (2006) Lower oxygen saturation alarm limits decrease the severity of retinopathy of prematurity. J AAPOS 10: 445–448PubMedCrossRef

62.

Wallace DK, Veness-Meehan KA, Miller WC (2007) Incidence of severe retinopathy of prematurity before and after a modest reduction in target oxygen saturation levels. J AAPOS 11: 170–174PubMedCrossRef

63.

Watts P, Adams GG, Thomas RM, Bunce C (2000) Intraventricular haemorrhage and stage 3 retinopathy of prematurity. Br J Ophthalmol 84: 596–599PubMedCrossRef

64.

Weinberger B, Nisar S, Anwar M et al. (2006) Lipid peroxidation in cord blood and neonatal outcome. Pediatr Int 48: 479–483PubMedCrossRef

65.

Wright KW, Sami D, Thompson L et al. (2006) A physiologic reduced oxygen protocol decreases the incidence of threshold retinopathy of prematurity. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 104: 78–84PubMed

66.

Yang MB, Donovan EF, Wagge JR (2006) Race, gender and clinical risk index for babies (CRIB) score as predictors of severe retinopathy of prematurity. J AAPOS 10: 253–261PubMedCrossRef

67.

Yanovitch TL, Siatkowski RM, McCaffree M, Corff KE (2006) Retinopathy of prematurity in infants with birth weight > or = 1250 grams – incidence, severity and screening guidline cost-analysis. J AAPOS 10: 128–134PubMedCrossRef

68.

York JR, Landers S, Kirby RS et al. (2004) Arterial oxygen fluctuation and retinopathy of prematurity in very low birth weight infants. J Perinatol 24: 82–87PubMedCrossRef

69.

Zecca E, de Luca D, Costa S et al. (2006) Delivery room strategies and outcomes in preterm infants with gestational age 24–28 weeks. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 19: 569–574PubMedCrossRef

Titel: Risikofaktoren und Prävention der Retinopathia praematurorum
verfasst von: L. Pelken
Prof. Dr. R.F. Maier
Publikationsdatum: 01.12.2008
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in: Die Ophthalmologie / Ausgabe 12/2008
Print ISSN: 2731-720X
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7218
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-008-1788-x

Neu im Fachgebiet Augenheilkunde

08.04.2024 | Therapieverfahren in der Augenheilkunde | CME

Update Augenheilkunde

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen

Springer Medizin

Risikofaktoren und Prävention der Retinopathia praematurorum

Zusammenfassung

Neu im Fachgebiet Augenheilkunde

Ophthalmika in der Schwangerschaft

Operative Therapie und Keimnachweis bei endogener Endophthalmitis

Bakterielle endogene Endophthalmitis

So erreichen Sie eine bestmögliche Wundheilung der Kornea

Update Augenheilkunde

Springer Medizin

Zusammenfassung

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 12/2008

OCT-Befund als Reinjektionskriterium für die 2,5-mg-Bevacizumab-Therapie bei venösen retinalen Verschlüssen

Aktuelle medikamentöse und chirurgische Glaukomtherapie

Pathogenese der Retinopathia praematurorum

Management der Bulbusruptur

Zentralvenenverschluss mit Nachweis von c-ANCA-Autoantikörpern

Bilaterale konjunktivale Plattenepithelneoplasie bei Neurodermitis

Neu im Fachgebiet Augenheilkunde

Ophthalmika in der Schwangerschaft

Operative Therapie und Keimnachweis bei endogener Endophthalmitis

Bakterielle endogene Endophthalmitis

So erreichen Sie eine bestmögliche Wundheilung der Kornea

Update Augenheilkunde