Skip to main content
Erschienen in: International Journal of Colorectal Disease 5/2005

01.09.2005 | Original Article

Tumour regression grading in the evaluation of tumour response after different preoperative radiotherapy treatments for rectal carcinoma

verfasst von: J. Vironen, M. Juhola, M. Kairaluoma, I. Jantunen, I. Kellokumpu

Erschienen in: International Journal of Colorectal Disease | Ausgabe 5/2005

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Background and aims

Preoperative radiotherapy (PRT) for rectal carcinoma has been shown to cause tumour regression and increase local control and patient survival. The aim of this study was to examine the usefulness of tumour regression grading (TRG) in quantifying the effect of PRT.

Methods

Depending on the tumour stage (uT), as defined by preoperative endorectal ultrasound (ERUS), fixity and distance from the anal verge, 126 patients with rectal cancer underwent either surgery alone, or received short-course 25-Gy radiotherapy or long-course 50-Gy radiotherapy combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) before surgery. TRG in each group was assessed and compared with the downstaging, defined as a change in preoperative uT stage and pathologic stage (pT).

Results

Complete response (no residual tumour, TRG 1) was seen in 7% of the patients (3/44) and total or major regression (TRG 1–3) in 73% of the patients (32/44) treated with 50-Gy chemoradiation. Of those treated with 25-Gy PRT, 21% (9/42) showed major tumour regression. Of the patients who underwent ERUS and PRT, 32% (26/83) were downstaged when comparing uT with pT, but 53% (14/26) of the downstaged tumours showed no response by TRG. In comparison, 50% (28/57) of the tumours with no downstaging showed a marked response by TRG (p=0.05).

Conclusions

Tumour regression grading offers detailed information of the effect of PRT and shows that tumour regression is more marked after long-term chemoradiation than after short-course radiotherapy (p=0.02). In contrast, T-stage downstaging was similar in both groups and did not correlate with the TRG results (p=0.05).
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Krook JE, Moertel C, Gunderson LL, Wieand HS, Collins RT, Beart RW, Kubista TP, Poon MA, Meyers WC, Maillard JA et al (1991) Effective surgical adjuvant therapy for high-risk rectal carcinoma. N Engl J Med 324:709–715 Krook JE, Moertel C, Gunderson LL, Wieand HS, Collins RT, Beart RW, Kubista TP, Poon MA, Meyers WC, Maillard JA et al (1991) Effective surgical adjuvant therapy for high-risk rectal carcinoma. N Engl J Med 324:709–715
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Minsky B, Cohen A, Enker W, Saltz L, Guillem J, Paty P, Kelsen D, Kemeny N, Ilson D, Bass J, Conti J (1997) Preoperative 5-FU, low-dose leucovorin, and radiation therapy for locally advanced and unresectable rectal cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 37:289–295 Minsky B, Cohen A, Enker W, Saltz L, Guillem J, Paty P, Kelsen D, Kemeny N, Ilson D, Bass J, Conti J (1997) Preoperative 5-FU, low-dose leucovorin, and radiation therapy for locally advanced and unresectable rectal cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 37:289–295
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Elsaleh H, Joseph D, Levitt M, House A, Robbins P (1999) Pre-operative chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer. Aust NZ J Surg 69:737–742 Elsaleh H, Joseph D, Levitt M, House A, Robbins P (1999) Pre-operative chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer. Aust NZ J Surg 69:737–742
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Delaney CP, Lavery IC, Brenner AJ, Hammel J, Senagore AJ, Noone RB, Fazio VW (2002) Preoperative radiotherapy improves survival for patients undergoing total mesorectal excision for stage T3 low rectal cancers. Ann Surg 236:203–207 Delaney CP, Lavery IC, Brenner AJ, Hammel J, Senagore AJ, Noone RB, Fazio VW (2002) Preoperative radiotherapy improves survival for patients undergoing total mesorectal excision for stage T3 low rectal cancers. Ann Surg 236:203–207
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Swedish Rectal Cancer Trial (1997) Improved survival with preoperative radiotherapy in resectable rectal cancer. N Engl J Med 336:980–987 Swedish Rectal Cancer Trial (1997) Improved survival with preoperative radiotherapy in resectable rectal cancer. N Engl J Med 336:980–987
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Kapitejn E, Marijnen C, Nagtegaal I, Putter H, Steup W, Wiggers T, Rutten H, Pahlman L, Glimelius B, Krieken J, Leer J, van de Velde C (2001) Preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for resectable rectal cancer. N Engl J Med 345:638–646 Kapitejn E, Marijnen C, Nagtegaal I, Putter H, Steup W, Wiggers T, Rutten H, Pahlman L, Glimelius B, Krieken J, Leer J, van de Velde C (2001) Preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for resectable rectal cancer. N Engl J Med 345:638–646
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Pahlman L, Dahlberg M, Glimelius B (1997) Perioperative radiation therapy. World J Surg 21:733–740 Pahlman L, Dahlberg M, Glimelius B (1997) Perioperative radiation therapy. World J Surg 21:733–740
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Simunovic M, Sexton R, Rempel E, Moran B, Heald RJ (2003) Optimal preoperative assessment and surgery for rectal cancer may greatly limit the need for radiotherapy. Br J Surg 90:999–1003 Simunovic M, Sexton R, Rempel E, Moran B, Heald RJ (2003) Optimal preoperative assessment and surgery for rectal cancer may greatly limit the need for radiotherapy. Br J Surg 90:999–1003
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Bozzetti F, Andreola S, Baratti D, Mariani L, Stani S, Valvo F, Spinelli P (2002) Preoperative chemoradiation in patients with resectable rectal cancer: results on tumor response. Ann Surg Oncol 9:444–449 Bozzetti F, Andreola S, Baratti D, Mariani L, Stani S, Valvo F, Spinelli P (2002) Preoperative chemoradiation in patients with resectable rectal cancer: results on tumor response. Ann Surg Oncol 9:444–449
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Wagman R, Minsky B, Cohen A, Guillem J, Paty P (1998) Sphincter preservation in rectal cancer with preoperative radiation therapy and coloanal anastomosis: long term follow-up. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 42:51–57 Wagman R, Minsky B, Cohen A, Guillem J, Paty P (1998) Sphincter preservation in rectal cancer with preoperative radiation therapy and coloanal anastomosis: long term follow-up. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 42:51–57
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Rullier E, Goffre B, Bonnel C, Zerbib F, Caudry M, Saric J (2001) Preoperative radiochemotherapy and sphincter-saving resection for T3 carcinomas of the lower third of the rectum. Ann Surg 234:633–640 Rullier E, Goffre B, Bonnel C, Zerbib F, Caudry M, Saric J (2001) Preoperative radiochemotherapy and sphincter-saving resection for T3 carcinomas of the lower third of the rectum. Ann Surg 234:633–640
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Luna-Perez P, Rodriguez-Ramirez S, Rodriguez-Coria D, Fernandez A, Labastida S, Silva A, Lopez M (2001) Preoperative chemoradiation therapy and anal sphincter preservation with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma. World J Surg 25:1006–1011 Luna-Perez P, Rodriguez-Ramirez S, Rodriguez-Coria D, Fernandez A, Labastida S, Silva A, Lopez M (2001) Preoperative chemoradiation therapy and anal sphincter preservation with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma. World J Surg 25:1006–1011
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Crane CH, Skibber JM, Feig BW, Vauthey JN, Thames HD, Curley SA, Rodriguez-Bigas MA, Wolff RA, Ellis LM, Delclos ME, Lin EH, Janjan NA (2003) Response to preoperative chemoradiation increases the use of sphincter-preserving surgery in patients with locally advanced low rectal carcinoma. Cancer 97:517–524 Crane CH, Skibber JM, Feig BW, Vauthey JN, Thames HD, Curley SA, Rodriguez-Bigas MA, Wolff RA, Ellis LM, Delclos ME, Lin EH, Janjan NA (2003) Response to preoperative chemoradiation increases the use of sphincter-preserving surgery in patients with locally advanced low rectal carcinoma. Cancer 97:517–524
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Meade P, Blatchford G, Thorson A, Christensen M, Ternent C (1995) Preoperative chemoradiation downstages locally advanced ultrasound-staged rectal cancer. Am J Surg 170:609–613 Meade P, Blatchford G, Thorson A, Christensen M, Ternent C (1995) Preoperative chemoradiation downstages locally advanced ultrasound-staged rectal cancer. Am J Surg 170:609–613
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Theodoropoulos G, Wise W, Padmanabhan A, Kerner B, Taylor C, Aguilar P, Khanduja K (2002) T-level downstaging and complete pathologic response after preoperative chemoradiation for advanced rectal cancer result in decreased recurrence and improved disease-free survival. Dis Colon Rectum 45:895–903 Theodoropoulos G, Wise W, Padmanabhan A, Kerner B, Taylor C, Aguilar P, Khanduja K (2002) T-level downstaging and complete pathologic response after preoperative chemoradiation for advanced rectal cancer result in decreased recurrence and improved disease-free survival. Dis Colon Rectum 45:895–903
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Onaitis M, Noone R, Fields R, Hurwitz H, Morse M, Jowell P, McGrath K, Lee C, Anscher M, Clary B, Mantyh C, Pappas T, Ludvig K, Seigler H, Tyler D (2001) Complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation for rectal cancer does not influence survival. Ann Surg Oncol 8:801–806 Onaitis M, Noone R, Fields R, Hurwitz H, Morse M, Jowell P, McGrath K, Lee C, Anscher M, Clary B, Mantyh C, Pappas T, Ludvig K, Seigler H, Tyler D (2001) Complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation for rectal cancer does not influence survival. Ann Surg Oncol 8:801–806
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Bozzetti F, Andreola S, Rossetti C, Zucali R, Meroni E, Baratti D, Bertario L, Doci R, Gennari L (1996) Preoperative radiotherapy for resectable cancer of the middle-distal rectum: its effect on the primary lesion as determined by endorectal ultrasound using flexible echo colonoscope. Int J Colorectal Dis 11:283–286 Bozzetti F, Andreola S, Rossetti C, Zucali R, Meroni E, Baratti D, Bertario L, Doci R, Gennari L (1996) Preoperative radiotherapy for resectable cancer of the middle-distal rectum: its effect on the primary lesion as determined by endorectal ultrasound using flexible echo colonoscope. Int J Colorectal Dis 11:283–286
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Wheeler JMD, Warren BF, Jones AC, Mortensen N (1999) Preoperative radiotherapy for rectal cancer: implications for surgeons, pathologists and radiologists. Br J Surg 86:1108–1120 Wheeler JMD, Warren BF, Jones AC, Mortensen N (1999) Preoperative radiotherapy for rectal cancer: implications for surgeons, pathologists and radiologists. Br J Surg 86:1108–1120
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Pahlman L, Glimelius B (1990) Pre- and postoperative radiotherapy in rectal and rectosigmoid carcinoma: report from a randomized multicentre trial. Ann Surg 211:187–195 Pahlman L, Glimelius B (1990) Pre- and postoperative radiotherapy in rectal and rectosigmoid carcinoma: report from a randomized multicentre trial. Ann Surg 211:187–195
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Hildebrandt U, Feifel G (1985) Preoperative staging of rectal cancer by intrarectal ultrasound. Dis Colon Rectum 28:42–46 Hildebrandt U, Feifel G (1985) Preoperative staging of rectal cancer by intrarectal ultrasound. Dis Colon Rectum 28:42–46
21.
Zurück zum Zitat MacFarlane JK, Ryall RD, Heald RJ (1993) Mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. Lancet 341:457–460 MacFarlane JK, Ryall RD, Heald RJ (1993) Mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. Lancet 341:457–460
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Sobin LH, Wittekind C (eds) (1997) UICC TNM classification of malignant tumours, 5th edn. Wiley-Liss, New York Sobin LH, Wittekind C (eds) (1997) UICC TNM classification of malignant tumours, 5th edn. Wiley-Liss, New York
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Garcia-Aguilar J, Hernandez de Anda E, Sirivongs P, Lee S-H, Madoff R, Rothenberger D (2003) A pathologic complete response to preoperative chemoradiation is associated with lower local recurrence and improved survival in rectal cancer patients treated by mesorectal excision. Dis Colon Rectum 46:298–304 Garcia-Aguilar J, Hernandez de Anda E, Sirivongs P, Lee S-H, Madoff R, Rothenberger D (2003) A pathologic complete response to preoperative chemoradiation is associated with lower local recurrence and improved survival in rectal cancer patients treated by mesorectal excision. Dis Colon Rectum 46:298–304
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Ruo L, Tickoo S, Klimstra D, Minsky B, Saltz L, Mazumdar M, Paty P, Wong D, Larson S, Cohen A, Guillem J (2002) Long-term significance of extent of rectal cancer response to preoperative radiation and chemotherapy. Ann Surg 236:75–81 Ruo L, Tickoo S, Klimstra D, Minsky B, Saltz L, Mazumdar M, Paty P, Wong D, Larson S, Cohen A, Guillem J (2002) Long-term significance of extent of rectal cancer response to preoperative radiation and chemotherapy. Ann Surg 236:75–81
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Dworak O, Keilholz L, Hoffman A (1997) Pathological features of rectal cancer after preoperative radiochemotherapy. Colorectal Dis 12:19–23 Dworak O, Keilholz L, Hoffman A (1997) Pathological features of rectal cancer after preoperative radiochemotherapy. Colorectal Dis 12:19–23
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Bouzourene H, Bosman F, Matter M, Coucke P (2003) Predictive factors in locally advanced rectal cancer treated with preoperative hyperfractionated and accelerated radiotherapy. Hum Pathol 34:541–548 Bouzourene H, Bosman F, Matter M, Coucke P (2003) Predictive factors in locally advanced rectal cancer treated with preoperative hyperfractionated and accelerated radiotherapy. Hum Pathol 34:541–548
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Marijnen C, Nagtegaal I, Kranenbarg E, Hermans J, van de Velde C, Leer J, van Krieken J (2001) No downstaging after short-term preoperative radiotherapy in rectal cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 19:1976–1984 Marijnen C, Nagtegaal I, Kranenbarg E, Hermans J, van de Velde C, Leer J, van Krieken J (2001) No downstaging after short-term preoperative radiotherapy in rectal cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 19:1976–1984
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Adams D, Blatchford J, Lin K, Ternent C, Thornson A, Christensen M (1999) Use of preoperative ultrasound staging for treatment of rectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 42:159–166 Adams D, Blatchford J, Lin K, Ternent C, Thornson A, Christensen M (1999) Use of preoperative ultrasound staging for treatment of rectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 42:159–166
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Kumar A, Scholefield J (2000) Endosonography of the anal canal and rectum. World J Surg 24:208–215 Kumar A, Scholefield J (2000) Endosonography of the anal canal and rectum. World J Surg 24:208–215
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Akbari R, Wong W (2003) Endorectal ultrasound and the preoperative staging of rectal cancer. Scand J Surg 92:25–33 Akbari R, Wong W (2003) Endorectal ultrasound and the preoperative staging of rectal cancer. Scand J Surg 92:25–33
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Wheeler JMD, Warren BF, Path MRC, Mortensen NJ, Ekanyaka N, Kulacoglu H, Jones AC, George BD, Kettlewell MGW (2002) Quantification of histologic regression of rectal cancer after irradiation. A proposal for a modified staging system. Dis Colon Rectum 45:1051–1056 Wheeler JMD, Warren BF, Path MRC, Mortensen NJ, Ekanyaka N, Kulacoglu H, Jones AC, George BD, Kettlewell MGW (2002) Quantification of histologic regression of rectal cancer after irradiation. A proposal for a modified staging system. Dis Colon Rectum 45:1051–1056
Metadaten
Titel
Tumour regression grading in the evaluation of tumour response after different preoperative radiotherapy treatments for rectal carcinoma
verfasst von
J. Vironen
M. Juhola
M. Kairaluoma
I. Jantunen
I. Kellokumpu
Publikationsdatum
01.09.2005
Erschienen in
International Journal of Colorectal Disease / Ausgabe 5/2005
Print ISSN: 0179-1958
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-1262
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00384-004-0733-y

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 5/2005

International Journal of Colorectal Disease 5/2005 Zur Ausgabe

Announcements

Annoucements 20/5

Update Chirurgie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

S3-Leitlinie „Diagnostik und Therapie des Karpaltunnelsyndroms“

CME: 2 Punkte

Prof. Dr. med. Gregor Antoniadis Das Karpaltunnelsyndrom ist die häufigste Kompressionsneuropathie peripherer Nerven. Obwohl die Anamnese mit dem nächtlichen Einschlafen der Hand (Brachialgia parästhetica nocturna) sehr typisch ist, ist eine klinisch-neurologische Untersuchung und Elektroneurografie in manchen Fällen auch eine Neurosonografie erforderlich. Im Anfangsstadium sind konservative Maßnahmen (Handgelenksschiene, Ergotherapie) empfehlenswert. Bei nicht Ansprechen der konservativen Therapie oder Auftreten von neurologischen Ausfällen ist eine Dekompression des N. medianus am Karpaltunnel indiziert.

Prof. Dr. med. Gregor Antoniadis
Berufsverband der Deutschen Chirurgie e.V.

S2e-Leitlinie „Distale Radiusfraktur“

CME: 2 Punkte

Dr. med. Benjamin Meyknecht, PD Dr. med. Oliver Pieske Das Webinar S2e-Leitlinie „Distale Radiusfraktur“ beschäftigt sich mit Fragen und Antworten zu Diagnostik und Klassifikation sowie Möglichkeiten des Ausschlusses von Zusatzverletzungen. Die Referenten erläutern, welche Frakturen konservativ behandelt werden können und wie. Das Webinar beantwortet die Frage nach aktuellen operativen Therapiekonzepten: Welcher Zugang, welches Osteosynthesematerial? Auf was muss bei der Nachbehandlung der distalen Radiusfraktur geachtet werden?

PD Dr. med. Oliver Pieske
Dr. med. Benjamin Meyknecht
Berufsverband der Deutschen Chirurgie e.V.

S1-Leitlinie „Empfehlungen zur Therapie der akuten Appendizitis bei Erwachsenen“

CME: 2 Punkte

Dr. med. Mihailo Andric
Inhalte des Webinars zur S1-Leitlinie „Empfehlungen zur Therapie der akuten Appendizitis bei Erwachsenen“ sind die Darstellung des Projektes und des Erstellungswegs zur S1-Leitlinie, die Erläuterung der klinischen Relevanz der Klassifikation EAES 2015, die wissenschaftliche Begründung der wichtigsten Empfehlungen und die Darstellung stadiengerechter Therapieoptionen.

Dr. med. Mihailo Andric
Berufsverband der Deutschen Chirurgie e.V.