Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Basic Research in Cardiology 2/2008

01.03.2008 | EDITORIAL

Cardiovascular diseases as target for imaging

verfasst von: Kristof Graf, MD, Michael Gräfe, Eckart Fleck

Erschienen in: Basic Research in Cardiology | Ausgabe 2/2008

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Recent pathophysiological findings have lead to new concepts to identify patients at risk for cardiovascular disease using systemic serum markers or new imaging methodology. New probe technology and progress in imaging techniques have set the base for development of molecular imaging concepts in the cardiovascular systems. The aim of these new imaging techniques is the detection of active biological processes in cardiovascular systems combining specific probes with contrast agents for MRI, SPECT or PET. There are promising strategies mostly in preclinical tests, which will prove clinical applicability in the near future.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Albert TS, Kim RJ, Judd RM (2006) Assessment of no-reflow regions using cardiac MRI. Basic Res Cardiol 101:383–390PubMedCrossRef Albert TS, Kim RJ, Judd RM (2006) Assessment of no-reflow regions using cardiac MRI. Basic Res Cardiol 101:383–390PubMedCrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Anderson SA, Rader RK, Westlin WF, Null C, Jackson D, Lanza GM, Wickline SA, Kotyk JJ (2000) Magnetic resonance contrast enhancement of neovasculature with alpha(v)beta(3)-targeted nanoparticles. Magn Reson Med 44:433–439PubMedCrossRef Anderson SA, Rader RK, Westlin WF, Null C, Jackson D, Lanza GM, Wickline SA, Kotyk JJ (2000) Magnetic resonance contrast enhancement of neovasculature with alpha(v)beta(3)-targeted nanoparticles. Magn Reson Med 44:433–439PubMedCrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Barkhausen J, Ebert W, Heyer C, Debatin JF, Weinmann HJ (2003) Detection of atherosclerotic plaque with Gadofluorine-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation 108:605–609PubMedCrossRef Barkhausen J, Ebert W, Heyer C, Debatin JF, Weinmann HJ (2003) Detection of atherosclerotic plaque with Gadofluorine-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation 108:605–609PubMedCrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Botnar RM, Perez AS, Witte S, Wiethoff AJ, Laredo J, Hamilton J, Quist W, Parsons EC Jr, Vaidya A, Kolodziej A, Barrett JA, Graham PB, Weisskoff RM, Manning WJ, Johnstone MT (2004) In vivo molecular imaging of acute and subacute thrombosis using a fibrin-binding magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent. Circulation 109:2023–2029PubMedCrossRef Botnar RM, Perez AS, Witte S, Wiethoff AJ, Laredo J, Hamilton J, Quist W, Parsons EC Jr, Vaidya A, Kolodziej A, Barrett JA, Graham PB, Weisskoff RM, Manning WJ, Johnstone MT (2004) In vivo molecular imaging of acute and subacute thrombosis using a fibrin-binding magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent. Circulation 109:2023–2029PubMedCrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Brezinski ME, Tearney GJ, Bouma BE, Izatt JA, Hee MR, Swanson EA, Southern JF, Fujimoto JG (1996) Optical coherence tomography for optical biopsy. Properties and demonstration of vascular pathology. Circulation 93:1206–1213PubMed Brezinski ME, Tearney GJ, Bouma BE, Izatt JA, Hee MR, Swanson EA, Southern JF, Fujimoto JG (1996) Optical coherence tomography for optical biopsy. Properties and demonstration of vascular pathology. Circulation 93:1206–1213PubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Casscells W, Hathorn B, David M, Krabach T, Vaughn WK, McAllister HA, Bearman G, Willerson JT (1996) Thermal detection of cellular infiltrates in living atherosclerotic plaques: possible implications for plaque rupture and thrombosis. Lancet 347:1447–1451PubMedCrossRef Casscells W, Hathorn B, David M, Krabach T, Vaughn WK, McAllister HA, Bearman G, Willerson JT (1996) Thermal detection of cellular infiltrates in living atherosclerotic plaques: possible implications for plaque rupture and thrombosis. Lancet 347:1447–1451PubMedCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Deguchi JO, Aikawa M, Tung CH, Aikawa E, Kim DE, Ntziachristos V, Weissleder R, Libby P (2006) Inflammation in atherosclerosis: visualizing matrix metalloproteinase action in macrophages in vivo. Circulation 114:55–62PubMedCrossRef Deguchi JO, Aikawa M, Tung CH, Aikawa E, Kim DE, Ntziachristos V, Weissleder R, Libby P (2006) Inflammation in atherosclerosis: visualizing matrix metalloproteinase action in macrophages in vivo. Circulation 114:55–62PubMedCrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Dietrich T, Perlitz C, Licha K, Stawowy P, Atrott K, Tachezy M, Meyborg H, Stocker C, Grafe M, Fleck E, Schirner M, Graf K (2007) ED-B fibronectin (ED-B) can be targeted using a novel single chain antibody conjugate and is associated with macrophage accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions. Basic Res Cardiol 102(4):298–307PubMedCrossRef Dietrich T, Perlitz C, Licha K, Stawowy P, Atrott K, Tachezy M, Meyborg H, Stocker C, Grafe M, Fleck E, Schirner M, Graf K (2007) ED-B fibronectin (ED-B) can be targeted using a novel single chain antibody conjugate and is associated with macrophage accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions. Basic Res Cardiol 102(4):298–307PubMedCrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Frias JC, Williams KJ, Fisher EA, Fayad ZA (2004) Recombinant HDL-like nanoparticles: a specific contrast agent for MRI of atherosclerotic plaques. J Am Chem Soc 126:16316–16317PubMedCrossRef Frias JC, Williams KJ, Fisher EA, Fayad ZA (2004) Recombinant HDL-like nanoparticles: a specific contrast agent for MRI of atherosclerotic plaques. J Am Chem Soc 126:16316–16317PubMedCrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Hansson GK (2005) Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 352:1685–1695PubMedCrossRef Hansson GK (2005) Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 352:1685–1695PubMedCrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Helft G, Worthley SG, Fuster V, Fayad ZA, Zaman AG, Corti R, Fallon JT, Badimon JJ (2002) Progression and regression of atherosclerotic lesions: monitoring with serial noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation 105:993–998PubMedCrossRef Helft G, Worthley SG, Fuster V, Fayad ZA, Zaman AG, Corti R, Fallon JT, Badimon JJ (2002) Progression and regression of atherosclerotic lesions: monitoring with serial noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation 105:993–998PubMedCrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Ito H, Komura N, Iwakura K, Kawano S, Okamura A, Fujii K (2006) Combination study of myocardial perfusion and left ventricular filling provides an excellent prediction of clinical outcomes in patients with reperfused myocardial infarction. Basic Res Cardiol 101:400–407PubMedCrossRef Ito H, Komura N, Iwakura K, Kawano S, Okamura A, Fujii K (2006) Combination study of myocardial perfusion and left ventricular filling provides an excellent prediction of clinical outcomes in patients with reperfused myocardial infarction. Basic Res Cardiol 101:400–407PubMedCrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Jacoby C, Molojavyi A, Flogel U, Merx MW, Ding Z, Schrader J (2006) Direct comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and conductance microcatheter in the evaluation of left ventricular function in mice. Basic Res Cardiol 101:87–95PubMedCrossRef Jacoby C, Molojavyi A, Flogel U, Merx MW, Ding Z, Schrader J (2006) Direct comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and conductance microcatheter in the evaluation of left ventricular function in mice. Basic Res Cardiol 101:87–95PubMedCrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Jaffer FA, Sosnovik DE, Nahrendorf M, Weissleder R (2006) Molecular imaging of myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 41:921–933PubMedCrossRef Jaffer FA, Sosnovik DE, Nahrendorf M, Weissleder R (2006) Molecular imaging of myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 41:921–933PubMedCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Jahnke C, Dietrich T, Paetsch I, Koehler U, Preetz K, Schnackenburg B, Fleck E, Graf K, Nagel E (2006) Experimental evaluation of the detectability of submillimeter atherosclerotic lesions in ex vivo human iliac arteries with ultrahigh-field (7.0 T) magnetic resonance imaging. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 23(4):519–527PubMedCrossRef Jahnke C, Dietrich T, Paetsch I, Koehler U, Preetz K, Schnackenburg B, Fleck E, Graf K, Nagel E (2006) Experimental evaluation of the detectability of submillimeter atherosclerotic lesions in ex vivo human iliac arteries with ultrahigh-field (7.0 T) magnetic resonance imaging. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 23(4):519–527PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Kaul S (2006) Evaluating the ‘no reflow’ phenomenon with myocardial contrast echocardiography. Basic Res Cardiol 101:391–399PubMedCrossRef Kaul S (2006) Evaluating the ‘no reflow’ phenomenon with myocardial contrast echocardiography. Basic Res Cardiol 101:391–399PubMedCrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Kooi ME, Cappendijk VC, Cleutjens KB, Kessels AG, Kitslaar PJ, Borgers M, Frederik PM, Daemen MJ, van Engelshoven JM (2003) Accumulation of ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide in human atherosclerotic plaques can be detected by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation 107:2453–2458PubMedCrossRef Kooi ME, Cappendijk VC, Cleutjens KB, Kessels AG, Kitslaar PJ, Borgers M, Frederik PM, Daemen MJ, van Engelshoven JM (2003) Accumulation of ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide in human atherosclerotic plaques can be detected by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation 107:2453–2458PubMedCrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Lewin M, Carlesso N, Tung CH, Tang XW, Cory D, Scadden DT, Weissleder R (2000) Tat peptide-derivatized magnetic nanoparticles allow in vivo tracking and recovery of progenitor cells. Nat Biotechnol 18:410–414PubMedCrossRef Lewin M, Carlesso N, Tung CH, Tang XW, Cory D, Scadden DT, Weissleder R (2000) Tat peptide-derivatized magnetic nanoparticles allow in vivo tracking and recovery of progenitor cells. Nat Biotechnol 18:410–414PubMedCrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Litovsky S, Madjid M, Zarrabi A, Casscells SW, Willerson JT, Naghavi M (2003) Superparamagnetic iron oxide-based method for quantifying recruitment of monocytes to mouse atherosclerotic lesions in vivo: enhancement by tissue necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and interferon-gamma. Circulation 107:1545–1549PubMedCrossRef Litovsky S, Madjid M, Zarrabi A, Casscells SW, Willerson JT, Naghavi M (2003) Superparamagnetic iron oxide-based method for quantifying recruitment of monocytes to mouse atherosclerotic lesions in vivo: enhancement by tissue necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and interferon-gamma. Circulation 107:1545–1549PubMedCrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Lygate CA, Schneider JE, Hulbert K, ten Hove M, Sebag-Montefiore LM, Cassidy PJ, Clarke K, Neubauer S (2006) Serial high resolution 3D-MRI after aortic banding in mice: band internalization is a source of variability in the hypertrophic response. Basic Res Cardiol 101:8–16PubMedCrossRef Lygate CA, Schneider JE, Hulbert K, ten Hove M, Sebag-Montefiore LM, Cassidy PJ, Clarke K, Neubauer S (2006) Serial high resolution 3D-MRI after aortic banding in mice: band internalization is a source of variability in the hypertrophic response. Basic Res Cardiol 101:8–16PubMedCrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Matter CM, Schuler PK, Alessi P, Meier P, Ricci R, Zhang D, Halin C, Castellani P, Zardi L, Hofer CK, Montani M, Neri D, Luscher TF (2004) Molecular imaging of atherosclerotic plaques using a human antibody against the extra-domain B of fibronectin. Circ Res 95:1225–1233PubMedCrossRef Matter CM, Schuler PK, Alessi P, Meier P, Ricci R, Zhang D, Halin C, Castellani P, Zardi L, Hofer CK, Montani M, Neri D, Luscher TF (2004) Molecular imaging of atherosclerotic plaques using a human antibody against the extra-domain B of fibronectin. Circ Res 95:1225–1233PubMedCrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat McConnell MV, Aikawa M, Maier SE, Ganz P, Libby P, Lee RT (1999) MRI of rabbit atherosclerosis in response to dietary cholesterol lowering. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 19:1956–1959PubMed McConnell MV, Aikawa M, Maier SE, Ganz P, Libby P, Lee RT (1999) MRI of rabbit atherosclerosis in response to dietary cholesterol lowering. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 19:1956–1959PubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Morawski AM, Winter PM, Crowder KC, Caruthers SD, Fuhrhop RW, Scott MJ, Robertson JD, Abendschein DR, Lanza GM, Wickline SA (2004) Targeted nanoparticles for quantitative imaging of sparse molecular epitopes with MRI. Magn Reson Med 51:480–486PubMedCrossRef Morawski AM, Winter PM, Crowder KC, Caruthers SD, Fuhrhop RW, Scott MJ, Robertson JD, Abendschein DR, Lanza GM, Wickline SA (2004) Targeted nanoparticles for quantitative imaging of sparse molecular epitopes with MRI. Magn Reson Med 51:480–486PubMedCrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Naghavi M, Libby P, Falk E, Casscells SW, Litovsky S, Rumberger J, Badimon JJ, Stefanadis C, Moreno P, Pasterkamp G, Fayad Z, Stone PH, Waxman S, Raggi P, Madjid M, Zarrabi A, Burke A, Yuan C, Fitzgerald PJ, Siscovick DS, de Korte CL, Aikawa M, Airaksinen KE, Assmann G, Becker CR, Chesebro JH, Farb A, Galis ZS, Jackson C, Jang IK, Koenig W, Lodder RA, March K, Demirovic J, Navab M, Priori SG, Rekhter MD, Bahr R, Grundy SM, Mehran R, Colombo A, Boerwinkle E, Ballantyne C, Insull W Jr, Schwartz RS, Vogel R, Serruys PW, Hansson GK, Faxon DP, Kaul S, Drexler H, Greenland P, Muller JE, Virmani R, Ridker PM, Zipes DP, Shah PK, Willerson JT (2003) From vulnerable plaque to vulnerable patient: a call for new definitions and risk assessment strategies: Part II. Circulation 108:1772–1778PubMedCrossRef Naghavi M, Libby P, Falk E, Casscells SW, Litovsky S, Rumberger J, Badimon JJ, Stefanadis C, Moreno P, Pasterkamp G, Fayad Z, Stone PH, Waxman S, Raggi P, Madjid M, Zarrabi A, Burke A, Yuan C, Fitzgerald PJ, Siscovick DS, de Korte CL, Aikawa M, Airaksinen KE, Assmann G, Becker CR, Chesebro JH, Farb A, Galis ZS, Jackson C, Jang IK, Koenig W, Lodder RA, March K, Demirovic J, Navab M, Priori SG, Rekhter MD, Bahr R, Grundy SM, Mehran R, Colombo A, Boerwinkle E, Ballantyne C, Insull W Jr, Schwartz RS, Vogel R, Serruys PW, Hansson GK, Faxon DP, Kaul S, Drexler H, Greenland P, Muller JE, Virmani R, Ridker PM, Zipes DP, Shah PK, Willerson JT (2003) From vulnerable plaque to vulnerable patient: a call for new definitions and risk assessment strategies: Part II. Circulation 108:1772–1778PubMedCrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Paetsch I, Jahnke C, Wahl A, Gebker R, Neuss M, Fleck E, Nagel E (2004) Comparison of dobutamine stress magnetic resonance, adenosine stress magnetic resonance, and adenosine stress magnetic resonance perfusion. Circulation 110:835–842PubMedCrossRef Paetsch I, Jahnke C, Wahl A, Gebker R, Neuss M, Fleck E, Nagel E (2004) Comparison of dobutamine stress magnetic resonance, adenosine stress magnetic resonance, and adenosine stress magnetic resonance perfusion. Circulation 110:835–842PubMedCrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Ruehm SG, Corot C, Vogt P, Kolb S, Debatin JF (2001) Magnetic resonance imaging of atherosclerotic plaque with ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide in hyperlipidemic rabbits. Circulation 103:415–422PubMed Ruehm SG, Corot C, Vogt P, Kolb S, Debatin JF (2001) Magnetic resonance imaging of atherosclerotic plaque with ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide in hyperlipidemic rabbits. Circulation 103:415–422PubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Sirol M, Itskovich VV, Mani V, Aguinaldo JG, Fallon JT, Misselwitz B, Weinmann HJ, Fuster V, Toussaint JF, Fayad ZA (2004) Lipid-rich atherosclerotic plaques detected by gadofluorine-enhanced in vivo magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation 109:2890–2896PubMedCrossRef Sirol M, Itskovich VV, Mani V, Aguinaldo JG, Fallon JT, Misselwitz B, Weinmann HJ, Fuster V, Toussaint JF, Fayad ZA (2004) Lipid-rich atherosclerotic plaques detected by gadofluorine-enhanced in vivo magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation 109:2890–2896PubMedCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Sosnovik DE, Nahrendorf M, Weissleder R (2007) Molecular magnetic resonance imaging in cardiovascular medicine. Circulation 115:2076–2086PubMedCrossRef Sosnovik DE, Nahrendorf M, Weissleder R (2007) Molecular magnetic resonance imaging in cardiovascular medicine. Circulation 115:2076–2086PubMedCrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Wagner S, Breyholz HJ, Faust A, Holtke C, Levkau B, Schober O, Schafers M, Kopka K (2006) Molecular imaging of matrix metalloproteinases in vivo using small molecule inhibitors for SPECT and PET. Curr Med Chem 13:2819–2838PubMedCrossRef Wagner S, Breyholz HJ, Faust A, Holtke C, Levkau B, Schober O, Schafers M, Kopka K (2006) Molecular imaging of matrix metalloproteinases in vivo using small molecule inhibitors for SPECT and PET. Curr Med Chem 13:2819–2838PubMedCrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Wasserman BA, Smith WI, Trout HH 3rd, Cannon RO 3rd, Balaban RS, Arai AE (2002) Carotid artery atherosclerosis: in vivo morphologic characterization with gadolinium-enhanced double-oblique MR imaging initial results. Radiology 223:566–573PubMedCrossRef Wasserman BA, Smith WI, Trout HH 3rd, Cannon RO 3rd, Balaban RS, Arai AE (2002) Carotid artery atherosclerosis: in vivo morphologic characterization with gadolinium-enhanced double-oblique MR imaging initial results. Radiology 223:566–573PubMedCrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Wickline SA, Neubauer AM, Winter PM, Caruthers SD, Lanza GM (2007) Molecular imaging and therapy of atherosclerosis with targeted nanoparticles. J Magn Reson Imaging 25:667–680PubMedCrossRef Wickline SA, Neubauer AM, Winter PM, Caruthers SD, Lanza GM (2007) Molecular imaging and therapy of atherosclerosis with targeted nanoparticles. J Magn Reson Imaging 25:667–680PubMedCrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Winter PM, Caruthers SD, Yu X, Song SK, Chen J, Miller B, Bulte JW, Robertson JD, Gaffney PJ, Wickline SA, Lanza GM (2003) Improved molecular imaging contrast agent for detection of human thrombus. Magn Reson Med 50:411–416PubMedCrossRef Winter PM, Caruthers SD, Yu X, Song SK, Chen J, Miller B, Bulte JW, Robertson JD, Gaffney PJ, Wickline SA, Lanza GM (2003) Improved molecular imaging contrast agent for detection of human thrombus. Magn Reson Med 50:411–416PubMedCrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Winter PM, Morawski AM, Caruthers SD, Fuhrhop RW, Zhang H, Williams TA, Allen JS, Lacy EK, Robertson JD, Lanza GM, Wickline SA (2003) Molecular imaging of angiogenesis in early-stage atherosclerosis with alpha(v)beta3-integrin-targeted nanoparticles. Circulation 108:2270–2274PubMedCrossRef Winter PM, Morawski AM, Caruthers SD, Fuhrhop RW, Zhang H, Williams TA, Allen JS, Lacy EK, Robertson JD, Lanza GM, Wickline SA (2003) Molecular imaging of angiogenesis in early-stage atherosclerosis with alpha(v)beta3-integrin-targeted nanoparticles. Circulation 108:2270–2274PubMedCrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Yuan C, Kerwin WS, Ferguson MS, Polissar N, Zhang S, Cai J, Hatsukami TS (2002) Contrast-enhanced high resolution MRI for atherosclerotic carotid artery tissue characterization. J Magn Reson Imaging 15:62–67PubMedCrossRef Yuan C, Kerwin WS, Ferguson MS, Polissar N, Zhang S, Cai J, Hatsukami TS (2002) Contrast-enhanced high resolution MRI for atherosclerotic carotid artery tissue characterization. J Magn Reson Imaging 15:62–67PubMedCrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Zernecke A, Weber C (2005) Inflammatory mediators in atherosclerotic vascular disease. Basic Res Cardiol 100:93–101PubMedCrossRef Zernecke A, Weber C (2005) Inflammatory mediators in atherosclerotic vascular disease. Basic Res Cardiol 100:93–101PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Cardiovascular diseases as target for imaging
verfasst von
Kristof Graf, MD
Michael Gräfe
Eckart Fleck
Publikationsdatum
01.03.2008
Verlag
D. Steinkopff-Verlag
Erschienen in
Basic Research in Cardiology / Ausgabe 2/2008
Print ISSN: 0300-8428
Elektronische ISSN: 1435-1803
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00395-008-0700-9

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2008

Basic Research in Cardiology 2/2008 Zur Ausgabe

Update Kardiologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.