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Acta Neuropathologica

Erschienen in:

01.03.2016 | Review

Microglia–blood vessel interactions: a double-edged sword in brain pathologies

verfasst von: Nevenka Dudvarski Stankovic, Marcin Teodorczyk, Robert Ploen, Frauke Zipp, Mirko H. H. Schmidt

Erschienen in: Acta Neuropathologica | Ausgabe 3/2016

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Abstract

Microglia are long-living resident immune cells of the brain, which secure a stable chemical and physical microenvironment necessary for the proper functioning of the central nervous system (CNS). These highly dynamic cells continuously scan their environment for pathogens and possess the ability to react to damage-induced signals in order to protect the brain. Microglia, together with endothelial cells (ECs), pericytes and astrocytes, form the functional blood–brain barrier (BBB), a specialized endothelial structure that selectively separates the sensitive brain parenchyma from blood circulation. Microglia are in bidirectional and permanent communication with ECs and their perivascular localization enables them to survey the influx of blood-borne components into the CNS. Furthermore, they may stimulate the opening of the BBB, extravasation of leukocytes and angiogenesis. However, microglia functioning requires tight control as their dysregulation is implicated in the initiation and progression of numerous neurological diseases. Disruption of the BBB, changes in blood flow, introduction of pathogens in the sensitive CNS niche, insufficient nutrient supply, and abnormal secretion of cytokines or expression of endothelial receptors are reported to prime and attract microglia. Such reactive microglia have been reported to even escalate the damage of the brain parenchyma as is the case in ischemic injuries, brain tumors, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. In this review, we present the current state of the art of the causes and mechanisms of pathological interactions between microglia and blood vessels and explore the possibilities of targeting those dysfunctional interactions for the development of future therapeutics.

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Titel: Microglia–blood vessel interactions: a double-edged sword in brain pathologies
verfasst von: Nevenka Dudvarski Stankovic
Marcin Teodorczyk
Robert Ploen
Frauke Zipp
Mirko H. H. Schmidt
Publikationsdatum: 01.03.2016
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: Acta Neuropathologica / Ausgabe 3/2016
Print ISSN: 0001-6322
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-0533
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-015-1524-y

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22.04.2024 | DGIM 2024 | Nachrichten

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Live-Webinar: Aktuelle Leitlinien bei Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen

Springer Medizin

Microglia–blood vessel interactions: a double-edged sword in brain pathologies

Abstract

Leitlinien kompakt für die Neurologie

Neu im Fachgebiet Neurologie

Auf diese Krankheiten bei Geflüchteten sollten Sie vorbereitet sein

Checkpointhemmer auch bei MS sicher

Antihypertensiva schützen auch alte Menschen noch vor Demenz

Spinale Muskelatrophie: Neugeborenen-Screening lohnt sich

Update Neurologie

Live-Webinar: Aktuelle Leitlinien bei Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen

Springer Medizin

Abstract

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Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2016

Aberrant association of misfolded SOD1 with Na+/K+ATPase-α3 impairs its activity and contributes to motor neuron vulnerability in ALS

Presymptomatic activation of the PDGF-CC pathway accelerates onset of ALS neurodegeneration

Resident microglia rather than peripheral macrophages promote vascularization in brain tumors and are source of alternative pro-angiogenic factors

Pathological α-synuclein distribution in subjects with coincident Alzheimer’s and Lewy body pathology

Astrocytes: a central element in neurological diseases

Serotonin 2B receptor slows disease progression and prevents degeneration of spinal cord mononuclear phagocytes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Leitlinien kompakt für die Neurologie

Neu im Fachgebiet Neurologie

Auf diese Krankheiten bei Geflüchteten sollten Sie vorbereitet sein

Checkpointhemmer auch bei MS sicher

Antihypertensiva schützen auch alte Menschen noch vor Demenz

Spinale Muskelatrophie: Neugeborenen-Screening lohnt sich

Update Neurologie