Introduction
Chemistry and pharmacology
Antimicrobial activity
Anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action
Animal studies
Model | Dose range | Authors | References |
---|---|---|---|
A single dose studies | mg/kg | ||
Carrageenan-oedema (rat) | 36–160 | Capstick and Lewis | [23] |
Kaolin-induced oedema (rat) | 11–100 | Lewis et al. | [102] |
Zymosan-induced oedema (rat) | 10–100 | Gemmel et al. | [64] |
Reverse passive Arthus-type reaction (rat) | 10–100 | ||
UV erythema (guinea pig) | ED50–160 | Lewis et al. | [102] |
B multiple dose studies | mg/kg/day | ||
Reverse passive Arthus-type reaction (guinea pig) | 2–5 | Ruzicka et al. | [131] |
Aktive Arthus-type reaktion (guinea pig) | 5–50 | Thompson and Souhami | [150] |
Cotton wool pellet granuloma (rat) | 200 | Capstick and Lewis | [23] |
Carrageenan-impregnated | 50–200 | Lewis et al. | [102] |
Cotton wool pellet granuloma (rat) | |||
Adjuvant arthritis (rat) | 100–200 | Capstick and Lewis | [23] |
Lewis et al. | [102] | ||
Hypervitaminosis A (rabbit) | 25 | Barranco | [8] |
Arachidonic acid-induced mouse ear swelling test (AA-MEST) | 0.1; 1; 5; 10 % | Christoph | [29] |
Anthralin-induced MEST | Topically and systemically | Salomon | [135] |
Reactive oxygen species
Myeloperoxidase/halide system
MPO mediates the transformation of H2O2 via halogenation
Adhesion molecules/cellular adhesion
α-1-Protease inhibitor
Chemotaxis
Membrane-associated phospholipid metabolism
Prostaglandins
Leukotrienes
IC50 (μM) | ||
---|---|---|
Cell free (5-LOX) (5 × 106 PMN) | Intakt PMN (5 × 106 PMN) | |
LTB4
| 35.0 ± 4.3 | 15.0 ± 5.6 |
5-HETE | 59.0 ± 5.1 | 9.0 ± 7.1 |
Interleukin 8
TNF-α
Eosinophil peroxidase
Complement system, coagulation and fibrinolytic system, cutaneous proteases
Lymphocyte function
Lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans
Neuroprotection
Tumor growth
Human pharmacology studies
Unique characteristics of dapsone
Adverse effects of dapsone
Haematology
Skin
Nervous system
Gastrointestinal effects/hepatic reactions
Hypersensitivity syndrome
n Total (n-334) | % | |
---|---|---|
Latency (days) | ||
≤20 | 40 | 24.5 |
21 ≤ 28 | 57 | 35.0 |
29 ≤ 35 | 34 | 20.9 |
≥36 | 32 | 19.6 |
Complete HSa
| 149 | 61.1 |
Fever | 277 | 96.9 |
Lymphadenopathy | 196 | 73.7 |
Hepatitis | 239 | 81.0 |
Skin symptoms | 274 | 91.9 |
Exanthema/erythema | 155 | 57.4 |
Erythroderma | 36 | 13.3 |
Rash | 79 | 29.3 |
Mycosal involvement | 53 | 42.1 |
Concomitant symptoms | 149 | 89.02 |
Leukocytosis | 79 | 56.6 |
Anaemia | 102 | 55.7 |
Eosiniphilia | 78 | 43.8 |
Dapsone cessatione | ||
Immediately after HS onset | 85 | 33.9 |
Delayed to HS onset | 48 | 19.1 |
Timepoint unspecified | 118 | 47.0 |
Systemic steroid therapy | 167 | 82.3 |
Clinical use of dapsone
Indications
Rheumatoid arthritis |
Eosinophilic fasciitis |
Immune thrombocytopenia |
Stroke |
Asthma bronchiale |
Seizure disorder |
Glioblastoma |
Dosage of dapsone in chronic inflammatory dermatoses
Conclusions for treating patients with dapsone
Contraindications, baseline-monitoring and follow-up controls
-
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
-
Met-Hb-reductase deficiency
-
Severe hepatopathy
-
Cardiac insufficiency/heart failure
-
Pulmonary diseases
-
Co-medication with met-Hb-inducing drugs or compounds, respectively
Complete blood count |
---|
Bilirubin |
Alanine aminotransferase |
Aspartate aminotransferase |
Gamma-glutamyl transferase |
Creatinine |
Met-Heamoglobin |
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase |
Serologic test for hepatitis |
Urinalysis |