Background
Aim of the study
Methods
Sample
Interviews and assessments
Sample attrition
Data analysis
Results
Baseline remainers (BA) | Follow-up (FO) | Dropouts (DO) | Difference FO-BA | BA vs FO | BA vs DO | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total N
| 48 | 48 | 26 | |||
Gender |
N (%) |
N (%) |
N (%) | (Kappa) |
P value. Test for independence | |
Male | 18 (37.5) | 18 (37.5) | 8 (30.8) | (1.0) | 0.62 | |
Female | 30 (62.5) | 30 (62.5) | 18 (69.2) | |||
Social status |
N (%) |
N (%) |
N (%) | Mc Nemara (Kappa) |
P valueb
|
P value. Test for independence |
Married | 18 (37.5) | 26 (54.2) | 12 (46.2) | 8 (0.67) | 0.008** | 0.62 |
Alone | 30 (62.5) | 22 (45.8) | 14 (53.8) | |||
Diagnosis | Mc Nemara (Kappa) |
P valueb
|
P value. Test for independence | |||
Non-affective psychosis | 30 (62.5) | 35 (73.0) | 15 (57.7) | 2.8 (0.58) | 0.18 | 0.80 |
Schizotypy | 18 (37.5) | 13 (27.0) | 11 (42.3) | |||
Highest level of education |
N (%) |
N (%) |
N (%) | Bowker’sd (Kappa) | ||
Primary school or less | 17 (35.4) | 10 (20.8) | 16 (61.5) | 10.3 (0.61) | 0.41 | NSc
|
High school | 18 (37.5) | 25 (52.1) | 5 (19.2) | |||
College | 5 (10.4) | 6 (12.5) | 1 (3.9) | |||
Started university | 4 (8.3) | 1 (2.1) | 3 (11.5) | |||
Finished university | 4 (8.3) | 6 (12.5) | 1 (3.9) |
Mean (sd) | Mean (sd) | Mean (sd) | Mean (sd) |
P value. Wilcoxon’s signed rank test for equal means | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age in years, mean | 25.5 (6.33) | 30.1 (6.38) | 26.2 (8.13) | 4.6 (0.71) | <0.0001*** | 0.79 |
Self-disorders | ||||||
Total EASE score | 20.63 (8.14) | 21.92 (7.21) | 15.96 (6.30) | 1.29 (7.28) | 0.40 | 0.03* |
Domain 1 | 7.42 (3.18) | 7.44 (3.01) | 6.31 (2.74) | 0.02 (3.23) | 0.85 | 0.15 |
Domain 2 | 7.71 (3.28) | 8.73 (2.33) | 5.88 (3.04) | 1.02 (2.97) | 0.03* | 0.04* |
Domain 3 | 2.1 (1.46) | 2.1 (1.67) | 1.69 (1.46) | 0 (1.82) | 0.95 | 0.21 |
Domain 4 | 0.96 (0.99) | 1.21 (0.92) | 0.50 (0.65) | 0.25 (0.98) | 0.09 | 0.06 |
Domain 5 | 2.44 (2.06) | 2.44 (1.77) | 1.58 (1.30) | 0 (1.65) | 0.81 | 0.16 |
Positive and negative symptoms scales | ||||||
Positive symptoms | 4.33 (3.72) | 4.00 (3.96) | 5.11 (4.65) | −0.33 (4.35) | 0.69 | 0.75 |
Negative symptoms | 3.60 (1.83) | 5.04 (1.13) | 3.15 (1.67) | 1.44 (1.84) | <0.0001*** | 0.27 |
GAF |
N = 47 |
N = 47 |
N = 26 | |||
GAF-S, mean (N = 47) | 37.21 (8.08) | 49.87 (9.53) | 39.04 (8.41) | 12.66 (10.21) | <0.0001*** | 0.31 |
GAF-F, mean (N = 47) | 42.4 (10.82) | 56.13 (11.32) | 44.23 (9.71) | 13.72 (11.05) | <0.0001*** | 0.37 |
EASE | Domain 1 | Domain 2 | Domain 3 | Domain 4 | Domain 5 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BA | FO | BA | FO | BA | FO | BA | FO | BA | FO | BA | FO | ||
EASE | BA | – | |||||||||||
FO | 0.479** | – | |||||||||||
Domain 1 | BA | 0.706** | 0.409** | – | |||||||||
FO | 0.290* | 0.811** | 0.439** | – | |||||||||
Domain 2 | BA | 0.862** | 0.385** | 0.436** | 0.201 | – | |||||||
FO | 0.538** | 0.841** | 0.367* | 0.588** | 0.464** | – | |||||||
Domain 3 | BA | 0.627** | 0.416** | 0.183 | 0.18 | 0.568** | 0.494** | – | |||||
FO | 0.231 | 0.715** | 0.261 | 0.449* | 0.195 | 0.501** | 0.331* | – | |||||
Domain 4 | BA | 0.504** | 0.330* | 0.129 | 0.146 | 0.526** | 0.341* | 0.310* | 0.043 | – | |||
FO | 0.291* | 0.504** | 0.207 | 0.269 | 0.224 | 0.340* | 0.057 | 0.238 | 0.450** | – | |||
Domain 5 | BA | 0.716** | 0.397** | 0.309* | 0.155 | 0.566** | 0.443** | 0.438** | 0.122 | 0.370** | 0.290* | – | |
FO | 0.475** | 0.658** | 0.203 | 0.337* | 0.355* | 0.452** | 0.380** | 0.435** | 0.349* | 0.456** | 0.661** | – |
EASE item | McNemar2-sid exact P
a
| Frequency at baseline | Frequency at follow-up | McNemar test statisticb
|
---|---|---|---|---|
Thought pressure (item 1.3) | 0.3438 | 0.9 | 0.81 | 1.6 |
Anxiety (item 2.13) | 0.625 | 0.88 | 0.92 | 1 |
Ruminations–obsessions (item 1.6) | 0.125 | 0.85 | 0.96 | 3.57 |
Hypohedonia (item 2.17) | 0.0574 | 0.85 | 0.69 | 4.57 |
Hyperreflectivity (item 2.6) | 0.002 | 0.75 | 0.96 | 10 |
Ambivalence (item 1.9) | 1 | 0.69 | 0.71 | 0.08 |
Diminished initiative (item 2.16) | 0.2668 | 0.69 | 0.79 | 1.92 |
Diminished sense of basic self (item 2.1) | 0.0129 | 0.67 | 0.88 | 7.14 |
Perceptualisation of inner thought (item 1.7) | 0.5811 | 0.65 | 0.71 | 0.69 |
Derealization (item 2.5) | 0.0013 | 0.65 | 0.35 | 10.89 |
Primary self-reference (item 5.1) | 1 | 0.65 | 0.65 | 0 |
Cenestesia (item 3.7) | 0.0007 | 0.58 | 0.27 | 11.84 |
Disorder of short-term memory (item 1.13) | 0.5034 | 0.58 | 0.5 | 0.8 |