All children from the age of 2 years were able to reliably adjust the SVV to the true vertical (total median of – 0.2°; Table
1) at a precision corresponding to that obtained in adults [
19]. The global perception of the visual and postural vertical is based on an integrative multimodal graviceptive input from the vestibular (semicircular canals and otoliths), somatosensory, and visual systems by convergence of the modality specific coordinates [
20]. When exposed to a rotating dome, children perceived an apparent perception of self-motion in roll in the opposite direction to pattern motion. However, despite the continuous roll-motion of the body, the deviation of the SVV was limited to a total median range of about 14° (Table
1). This limitation can be attributed to the parallel graviceptive feedback about the true earth vertical sensed by the otoliths and somatosensors which counteracts the actual misleading visual information [
1]. In the children, the largest SVV tilts were obtained between the ages of 2 and 7 years with a median of 20° (Table
1). The age-dependent adjustments of SVV, which showed a considerable variation, were statistically best explained by a linearly decreasing fit as depicted in Fig.
3 for both CW and CCW rotations. The deviations of the SVV in the oldest group were smaller (median of 9°–10°, Table
1) than those reported earlier in a systematic study on static and dynamic SVV tilts in 110 healthy subjects who exhibited median SVV tilts of 15° [
19]. This disparity could be attributed to differences in the experimental settings: subjects tested during free stance in our study and subjects tested when sitting with the head fixed in the earlier study. In free stance, graviceptive input by somatosensors and otoliths might interfere earlier to prevent an impending fall. In a study on a small cohort of children aged 6–8 years, assessment of SVV was also combined with measurements of body sway during roll vection [
9]. These authors emphasized a higher variability and a lower accuracy of SVV, and instable postural parameters in the children as compared to young adults.