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International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health

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01.01.2004 | Original Article

Urinary hydroxy-metabolites of naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene as markers of exposure to diesel exhaust

verfasst von: Leea Kuusimäki, Yrjö Peltonen, Pertti Mutanen, Kimmo Peltonen, Kirsti Savela

Erschienen in: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health | Ausgabe 1/2004

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Abstract

Objective

The objective of this study was to assess the exposure of bus-garage and waste-collection workers to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) derived from diesel exhaust by the measurement of levels of seven urinary PAH metabolites: 2-naphthol, 1-hydroxyphenanthrene, 2-hydroxyphenanthrene, 3-hydroxyphenanthrene, 1+9-hydroxyphenanthrene, 4-hydroxyphenanthrene and 1-hydroxypyrene.

Subjects and methods

One urine sample from each of 46 control persons, and one pre-shift and two post-shift spot urine samples from 32 exposed workers were obtained in winter and in summer. The metabolites were analysed after enzymatic hydrolysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection.

Results

The sum of seven PAH metabolites (mean 3.94±3.40 and 5.60±6.37 μmol/mol creatinine in winter and summer, respectively) was higher [P=0.01, degrees of freedom (df) =61.2 and P=0.01, df=67.6 in winter and summer, respectively] in the exposed group than in the control group (mean 3.18±3.99 and 3.03±2.01 μmol/mol creatinine in winter and summer, respectively). The mean concentrations of 2-naphthol among exposed and controls ranged between 3.34 and 4.85 μmol/mol creatinine and 2.51 and 2.58 μmol/mol creatinine, respectively (P<0.01 in winter, P<0.03 in summer). The mean level of the hydroxyphenanthrenes in the samples of exposed workers was between 0.40 and 0.70 μmol/mol creatinine and in the control samples 0.40–0.60 μmol/mol creatinine. The concentration of 1-hydroxypyrene was higher among exposed workers in both pre-shift and post-shift samples (mean 0.10–0.15 μmol/mol creatinine) than in control group (mean 0.05–0.06 μmol/mol creatinine) in winter (P=0.002, df=78) and in summer (P<0.001, df=68).

Conclusions

The urinary hydroxy-metabolites of naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene showed low exposure to diesel-derived PAHs; however, it was higher in exposed workers than in control group. Urinary PAH monohydroxy-metabolites measured in this study did not correlate with the PAHs in the air samples, reported earlier, in 2002 and 2003.

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Titel: Urinary hydroxy-metabolites of naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene as markers of exposure to diesel exhaust
verfasst von: Leea Kuusimäki
Yrjö Peltonen
Pertti Mutanen
Kimmo Peltonen
Kirsti Savela
Publikationsdatum: 01.01.2004
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health / Ausgabe 1/2004
Print ISSN: 0340-0131
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-1246
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-003-0477-y

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Objective

Subjects and methods

Results

Conclusions

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