Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Angiotensin inhibition and longevity: a question of hydration

  • Invited Review
  • Published:
Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

With the advancement of medical and investigative science, it is somewhat surprising that although it is possible to stabilise medical patients with hypertension and the associated kidney dysfunction, obesity, diabetes and even cancer, there is still no clear method of significantly reducing these chronic disease pathologies, and thus, extending life expectancy. There is one hormone common to these pathologies, the antagonism of which goes some way to clinical improvements, and this is angiotensin, which is released during hypovolaemia. Angiotensin antagonists are used to treat many of these pathologies, and it has been shown in the obesity literature that angiotensin antagonists decrease weight, but also increase the drinking of water. Increased cellular hydration, and hence, improved mitochondrial metabolism could be one of the mechanisms for the reduction in weight seen in these studies, as well as for reducing the other pathologies, all showing metabolic dysfunction. It appears that the application of straightforward physiological regulation might be an appropriate medical approach to the prevention of hypertension, kidney disease, obesity, diabetes and cancer, and thus, to an increased life expectancy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ayus JC, Arieff AI (1996) Abnormalities of water metabolism in the elderly. Semin Nephrol 16:277–288

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Baiardi G, Bregonzio C, Jezova M, Armando I, Saavedra JM (2004) Angiotensin II AT1 receptor blockade prolongs the lifespan of spontaneously hypertensive rats and reduces stress-induced release of catecholamines, glucocorticoids, and vasopressin. Ann NY Acad Sci 1018:131–136

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Barnett A (2006) Prevention of loss of renal function over time in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Am J Med 119:S40–S47

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Basso N, Paglia N, Cini R, Inserra F, Terragno NA (2005) Effect of omapatrilat on the aging process of the normal rat. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 51:557–564

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Basso N, Paglia N, Stella I, de Cavanagh EM, Ferder L, del Rosario Lores Arnaiz M, Inserra F (2005) Protective effect of the inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system on aging. Regul Pept 128:247–252

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Basso N, Cini R, Pietrelli A, Ferder L, Terragno NA, Inserra F (2007) Protective effect of long-term angiotensin II inhibition. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293:H1351–H1358

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Bellisle F, Thornton SN, Hébel P, Denizeau M, Tahiri M (2010) A study of fluid intake from beverages in a sample of healthy French children, adolescents and adults. Eur J Clin Nutr 64:350–355

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Benigni A, Corna D, Zoja C, Sonzogni A, Latini R, Salio M, Conti S, Rottoli D, Longaretti L, Cassis P, Morigi M, Coffman TM, Remuzzi G (2009) Disruption of the Ang II type 1 receptor promotes longevity in mice. J Clin Invest 119:524–530

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Besdine RW, Wetle TF (2010) Improving health for elderly people: an international health promotion and disease prevention agenda. Aging Clin Exp Res 22:219–230

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Brown MJ (2007) Renin: friend or foe? Heart 93:1026–1033

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Cadnapaphornchai MA, Rogachev B, Summer SN, Chen YC, Gera L, Stewart JM, Schrier RW (2004) Evidence for bradykinin as a stimulator of thirst. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 286:F875–F880

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Carey RM, McGrath HE, Pentz ES, Gomez RA, Barrett PQ (1997) Biomechanical coupling in renin-releasing cells. J Clin Invest 100:1566–1574

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Carides GW, Shahinfar S, Dasbach EJ, Keane WF, Gerth WC, Alexander CM, Herman WH, Brenner BM, Investigators RENAAL (2006) The impact of losartan on the lifetime incidence of end-stage renal disease and costs in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. Pharmacoeconomics 24:549–558

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Carter P, Gray LJ, Troughton J, Khunti K, Davies MJ (2010) Fruit and vegetable intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 341:c4229

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Cassis P, Conti S, Remuzzi G, Benigni A (2010) Angiotensin receptors as determinants of life span. Pflugers Arch 459:325–332

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Chai W, Wang W, Liu J, Barrett EJ, Carey RM, Cao W, Liu Z (2010) Angiotensin II type 1 and type 2 receptors regulate basal skeletal muscle microvascular volume and glucose use. Hypertension 55:523–530

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Chobanian AV (2009) Shattuck lecture. The hypertension paradox–more uncontrolled disease despite improved therapy. N Engl J Med 361:878–887

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Chumlea WC, Guo SS, Zeller CM, Reo NV, Siervogel RM (1999) Total body water data for white adults 18 to 64 years of age: The Fels Longitudinal Study. Kidney Int 56:244–252

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Crowley RK, Sherlock M, Agha A, Smith D, Thompson CJ (2007) Clinical insights into adipsic diabetes insipidus: a large case series. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 66:475–482

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Dai Q, Borenstein AR, Wu Y, Jackson JC, Larson EB (2006) Fruit and vegetable juices and Alzheimer's disease: the Kame Project. Am J Med 119:751–759

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Dauchet L, Amouyel P, Dallongeville J, Medscape (2009) Fruits, vegetables and coronary heart disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 6:599–608

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. de Cavanagh EM, Piotrkowski B, Basso N, Stella I, Inserra F, Ferder L, Fraga CG (2003) Enalapril and losartan attenuate mitochondrial dysfunction in aged rats. FASEB J 17:1096–1098

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. de Cavanagh EM, Piotrkowski B, Fraga CG (2004) Concerted action of the renin-angiotensin system, mitochondria, and antioxidant defenses in aging. Mol Aspects Med 25:27–36

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. de Cavanagh EM, Toblli JE, Ferder L, Piotrkowski B, Stella I, Fraga CG, Inserra F (2005) Angiotensin II blockade improves mitochondrial function in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 51:573–578

    Google Scholar 

  25. de Cavanagh EM, Inserra F, Ferder M, Ferder L (2007) From mitochondria to disease: role of the renin-angiotensin system. Am J Nephrol 27:545–553

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. de Cavanagh EM, Ferder L, Toblli JE, Piotrkowski B, Stella I, Fraga CG, Inserra F (2008) Renal mitochondrial impairment is attenuated by AT1 blockade in experimental Type I diabetes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 294:H456–H465

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. de Cavanagh EM, Flores I, Ferder M, Inserra F, Ferder L (2008) Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors protect against age-related changes in rat liver mitochondrial DNA content and gene expression. Exp Gerontol 43:919–928

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. de Cavanagh EM, Ferder M, Inserra F, Ferder L (2009) Angiotensin II, mitochondria, cytoskeletal, and extracellular matrix connections: an integrating viewpoint. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 296:H550–H558

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Elamin A, Hussein O, Tuvemo T (2006) Growth, puberty, and final height in children with Type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 20:252–256

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Ferder LF, Inserra F, Basso N (2002) Advances in our understanding of aging: role of the renin-angiotensin system. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2:189–194

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Ferder LF, Inserra F, Basso N (2003) Effects of renin-angiotensin system blockade in the aging kidney. Exp Gerontol 38:237–244

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Fetissov SO, Thornton SN (2009) Hypovolemia-induced obesity and diabetes. Metabolism 58:1678

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Fitzsimons JT (1998) Angiotensin, thirst, and sodium appetite. Physiol Rev 78:583–686

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Formenti F, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Emmanuel Y, Cheeseman J, Dorrington KL, Edwards LM, Humphreys SM, Lappin TR, McMullin MF, McNamara CJ, Mills W, Murphy JA, O'Connor DF, Percy MJ, Ratcliffe PJ, Smith TG, Treacy M, Frayn KN, Greenhaff PL, Karpe F, Clarke K, Robbins PA (2010) Regulation of human metabolism by hypoxia-inducible factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:12722–12727

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Francischetti EA, Celoria BM, Francischetti A, Genelhu VA (2008) Treatment of hypertension in individuals with the cardiometabolic syndrome: role of an angiotensin II receptor blocker, telmisartan. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 6:289–303

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Franklin RM, Kanaley JA (2009) Intramyocellular lipids: effect of age, obesity, and exercise. Phys Sportsmed 37:20–26

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Gard PR (2004) Angiotensin as a target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, anxiety and depression. Expert Opin Ther Targets 8:7–14

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Gaster M (2009) Reduced lipid oxidation in myotubes established from obese and type 2 diabetic subjects. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 382:766–770

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Gilliam-Davis S, Payne VS, Kasper SO, Tommasi EN, Robbins ME, Diz DI (2007) Long-term AT1 receptor blockade improves metabolic function and provides renoprotection in Fischer-344 rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293:H1327–H1333

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Gnudi L, Goldsmith D (2010) Renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors in the prevention of early renal disease in diabetes. F1000 Med Rep 2:18

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Gradman AH, Kad R (2008) Renin inhibition in hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 51:519–528

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Häussinger D (1996) The role of cellular hydration in the regulation of cell function. Biochem J 313:697–710

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Haveman-Nies A, de Groot LC, Van Staveren WA (1997) Fluid intake of elderly Europeans. J Nutr Health Aging 1:151–155

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Hedner T, Narkiewicz K, Kjeldsen SE (2007) The evolution of ACE inhibition–a turning point in cardiovascular medicine. Blood Press Suppl 2:5–6

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Henriksen EJ (2007) Improvement of insulin sensitivity by antagonism of the renin-angiotensin system. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 293:R974–R980

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Herbert KE, Mistry Y, Hastings R, Poolman T, Niklason L, Williams B (2008) Angiotensin II-mediated oxidative DNA damage accelerates cellular senescence in cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells via telomere-dependent and independent pathways. Circ Res 102:201–208

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Hirabara SM, Curi R, Maechler P (2010) Saturated fatty acid-induced insulin resistance is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle cells. J Cell Physiol 222:187–194

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Idbaih A, Burlet A, Adle-Biassette H, Boisgard R, Coulon C, Paris S, Marie Y, Donadieu J, Hoang-Xuan K, Ribeiro MJ (2007) Altered cerebral glucose metabolism in an animal model of diabetes insipidus: a micro-PET study. Brain Res 1158:164–168

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Inserra F, Basso N, Ferder M, Userpater M, Stella I, Paglia N, Inserra P, Tenembaum D, Ferder L (2009) Changes seen in the aging kidney and the effect of blocking the renin-angiotensin system. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 3:341–346

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Janiak P, Bidouard JP, Cadrouvele C, Poirier B, Gouraud L, Grataloup Y, Pierre F, Bruneval P, O'Connor SE, Herbert JM (2006) Long-term blockade of angiotensin AT1 receptors increases survival of obese Zucker rats. Eur J Pharmacol 534:271–279

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Jayasooriya AP, Mathai ML, Walker LL, Begg DP, Denton DA, Cameron-Smith D, Egan GF, McKinley MJ, Rodger PD, Sinclair AJ, Wark JD, Weisinger HS, Jois M, Weisinger RS (2008) Mice lacking angiotensin-converting enzyme have increased energy expenditure, with reduced fat mass and improved glucose clearance. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:6531–6536

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Jordan J (2002) Acute effect of water on blood pressure. What do we know? Clin Auton Res 12:250–255

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Kehoe PG, Miners S, Love S (2009) Angiotensins in Alzheimer's disease - friend or foe? Trends Neurosci 32:619–628

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Keller U, Szinnai G, Bilz S, Berneis K (2003) Effects of changes in hydration on protein, glucose and lipid metabolism in man: impact on health. Eur J Clin Nutr 57:S69–S74

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Kenney WL, Chiu P (2001) Influence of age on thirst and fluid intake. Med Sci Sports Exerc 33:1524–1532

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Kositzke JA (1990) A question of balance-dehydration in the elderly. J Gerontol Nurs 16:4–11

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Lang F (2007) Mechanisms and significance of cell volume regulation. J Am Coll Nutr 26:613S–623S

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Lang F, Ritter M, Völkl H, Häussinger D (1993) The biological significance of cell volume. Ren Physiol Biochem 16:48–65

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Lanza IR, Nair KS (2010) Mitochondrial function as a determinant of life span. Pflugers Arch 459:277–289

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Laragh J (2001) Laragh's lessons in pathophysiology and clinical pearls for treating hypertension. Am J Hypertens 14:84–89

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Laragh J (2001) Laragh's lessons in pathophysiology and clinical pearls for treating hypertension. Am J Hypertens 14:837–854

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Laragh J (2001) Laragh's lessons in pathophysiology and clinical pearls for treating hypertension. Am J Hypertens 14:296–304

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Lavizzo-Mourey RJ (1987) Dehydration in the elderly: a short review. J Natl Med Assoc 79:1033–1038

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Li NC, Lee A, Whitmer RA, Kivipelto M, Lawler E, Kazis LE, Wolozin B (2010) Use of angiotensin receptor blockers and risk of dementia in a predominantly male population: prospective cohort analysis. BMJ 340:b5465

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Linz W, Jessen T, Becker RH, Schölkens BA, Wiemer G (1997) Long-term ACE inhibition doubles lifespan of hypertensive rats. Circulation 96:3164–3172

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Linz W, Becker RH, Schölkens BA, Wiemer G, Keil M, Langer KH (1998) Nephroprotection by long-term ACE inhibition with ramipril in spontaneously hypertensive stroke prone rats. Kidney Int 54:2037–2044

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Linz W, Wohlfart P, Schoelkens BA, Becker RH, Malinski T, Wiemer G (1999) Late treatment with ramipril increases survival in old spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 34:291–295

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Linz W, Heitsch H, Schölkens BA, Wiemer G (2000) Long-term angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade with fonsartan doubles lifespan of hypertensive rats. Hypertension 35:908–913

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Ma TK, Kam KK, Yan BP, Lam YY (2010) Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade for cardiovascular diseases: current status. Br J Pharmacol 160:1273–1292

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Majzoub JA, Srivatsa A (2006) Diabetes insipidus: clinical and basic aspects. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev 4:60–65

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Mathai ML, Naik S, Sinclair AJ, Weisinger HS, Weisinger RS (2008) Selective reduction in body fat mass and plasma leptin induced by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in rats. Int J Obes (Lond) 32:1576–1584

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Mattson MP, Maudsley S (2009) Live longer sans the AT1A receptor. Cell Metab 9:403–405

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. May M, Jordan J (2010) The Osmopressor-response to water drinking. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol Nov 3. (in press)

  74. Miller M (1997) Fluid and electrolyte homeostasis in the elderly: physiological changes of ageing and clinical consequences. Baillières Clin Endocrinol Metab 11:367–387

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Mizrahi A, Knekt P, Montonen J, Laaksonen MA, Heliövaara M, Järvinen R (2009) Plant foods and the risk of cerebrovascular diseases: a potential protection of fruit consumption. Br J Nutr 102:1075–1083

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Mogi M, Horiuchi M (2009) Effects of angiotensin II receptor blockers on dementia. Hypertens Res 32:738–740

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Molaschi M, Ponzetto M, Massaia M, Villa L, Scarafiotti C, Ferrario E (1997) Hypernatremic dehydration in the elderly on admission to hospital. J Nutr Health Aging 1:156–160

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Molteni A, Heffelfinger S, Moulder JE, Uhal B, Castellani WJ (2006) Potential deployment of angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitors and of angiotensin II type 1 and type 2 receptor blockers in cancer chemotherapy. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 6:451–460

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Morino K, Petersen KF, Shulman GI (2006) Molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance in humans and their potential links with mitochondrial dysfunction. Diabetes 55:S9–S15

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Moscarelli L, Zanazzi M, Mancini G, Rossi E, Caroti L, Rosso G, Bertoni E, Salvadori M (2010) Keratinocyte cancer prevention with ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers or their combination in renal transplant recipients. Clin Nephrol 73:439–445

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Muñoz MC, Argentino DP, Dominici FP, Turyn D, Toblli JE (2006) Irbesartan restores the in-vivo insulin signaling pathway leading to Akt activation in obese Zucker rats. J Hypertens 24:1607–1617

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Nagura J, Hui C, Yamamoto M, Yasuda S, Abe M, Hachisu M, Konno F (1995) Effect of chronic treatment with ME3221 on blood pressure and mortality in aged stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Suppl 22:S363–S365

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Nagura J, Yamamoto M, Hui C, Yasuda S, Hachisu M, Konno F (1996) Protective effects of ME3221 on hypertensive complications and lifespan in salt-loaded stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 23:229–235

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Nangaku M, Fujita T (2008) Activation of the renin-angiotensin system and chronic hypoxia of the kidney. Hypertens Res 31:175–184

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Nayak V, Patil PA (2008) Antidepressant activity of fosinopril, ramipril and losartan, but not of lisinopril in depressive paradigms of albino rats and mice. Indian J Exp Biol 46:180–184

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Niklason A, Hedner T, Niskanen L, Lanke J (2004) Development of diabetes is retarded by ACE inhibition in hypertensive patients–a subanalysis of the Captopril Prevention Project (CAPPP). J Hypertens 22:645–652

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Nishiyama A, Matsusaka T, Miyata T (2009) Angiotensin II type 1A receptor deficiency and longevity. Nephrol Dial Transplant 24:3280–3281

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Nissen SE (2010) Angiotensin-receptor blockers and cancer: urgent regulatory review needed. Lancet Oncol 11:605–606

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Parish R, Petersen KF (2005) Mitochondrial dysfunction and type 2 diabetes. Science 5:384–387

    Google Scholar 

  90. Petersen KF, Befroy D, Dufour S, Dziura J, Ariyan C, Rothman DL, DiPietro L, Cline GW, Shulman GI (2003) Mitochondrial dysfunction in the elderly: possible role in insulin resistance. Science 300:1140–1142

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Phillips PA, Rolls BJ, Ledingham JG, Forsling ML, Morton JJ, Crowe MJ, Wollner L (1984) Reduced thirst after water deprivation in healthy elderly men. N Engl J Med 311:753–759

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Portero-Otín M, Pamplona R, Boada J, Jové M, Gonzalo H, Buleon M, Linz W, Schäfer S, Tack I, Girolami JP (2008) Inhibition of renin angiotensin system decreases renal protein oxidative damage in diabetic rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 368:528–535

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Raffaello A, Rizzuto R (2010) Mitochondrial longevity pathways. Biochim Biophys Acta Oct 13. (in press)

  94. Reinehr T (2005) Clinical presentation of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents. Int J Obes (Lond) 29:S105–S110

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. Rink TJ (1984) Aspects of the regulation of cell volume. J Physiol (Paris) 79:388–394

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Ritz P (2001) Chronic cellular dehydration in the aged patient. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 56:M349–M352

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Ritz P, Vol S, Berrut G, Tack I, Arnaud MJ, Tichet J (2008) Influence of gender and body composition on hydration and body water spaces. Clin Nutr 27:740–746

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Rogge MM (2009) The role of impaired mitochondrial lipid oxidation in obesity. Biol Res Nurs 10:356–373

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Rolls BJ, Phillips PA (1990) Aging and disturbances of thirst and fluid balance. Nutr Rev 48:137–144

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Rosen RC, Wing RR, Schneider S, Wadden TA, Foster GD, West DS, Kitabchi AE, Brancati FL, Maschak-Carey BJ, Bahnson JL, Lewis CE, Gendrano Iii IN (2009) Erectile dysfunction in type 2 diabetic men: relationship to exercise fitness and cardiovascular risk factors in the Look AHEAD trial. J Sex Med 6:1414–1422

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Rosenthal T, Gavras I (2009) Angiotensin inhibition and malignancies: a review. J Hum Hypertens 23:623–635

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Ruilope LM, Segura J (2003) Losartan and other angiotensin II antagonists for nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a review of the clinical trial evidence. Clin Ther 25:3044–3064

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Saavedra JM, Ando H, Armando I, Baiardi G, Bregonzio C, Juorio A, Macova M (2005) Anti-stress and anti-anxiety effects of centrally acting angiotensin II AT1 receptor antagonists. Regul Pept 128:227–238

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Safar ME (2010) Can antihypertensive treatment reverse large-artery stiffening? Curr Hypertens Rep 12:47–51

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Safar ME, Temmar M, Kakou A, Lacolley P, Thornton SN (2009) Sodium intake and vascular stiffness in hypertension. Hypertension 54:203–209

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Santos EL, de Picoli SK, da Silva ED, Batista EC, Martins PJ, D'Almeida V, Pesquero JB (2009) Long term treatment with ACE inhibitor enalapril decreases body weight gain and increases life span in rats. Biochem Pharmacol 78:951–958

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Sarzani R, Salvi F, Dessì-Fulgheri P, Rappelli A (2008) Renin-angiotensin system, natriuretic peptides, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and hypertension: an integrated view in humans. J Hypertens 26:831–843

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Savage DB, Petersen KF, Shulman GI (2007) Disordered lipid metabolism and the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Physiol Rev 87:507–520

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Scheen AJ (2004) Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus through inhibition of the Renin-Angiotensin system. Drugs 64:2537–2565

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Scheen AJ (2004) Renin-angiotensin system inhibition prevents type 2 diabetes mellitus. Part 2. Overview of physiological and biochemical mechanisms. Diabetes Metab 30:498–505

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Schliess F, Häussinger D (2000) Cell hydration and insulin signalling. Cell Physiol Biochem 10:403–408

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Schliess F, Häussinger D (2003) Call volume and insulin signaling. Int Rev Cytol 225:187–228

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Schliess F, Richter L, vom Dahl S, Häussinger D (2006) Cell hydration and mTOR-dependent signalling. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 187:223–229

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Seeliger E, Wronski T, Ladwig M, Dobrowolski L, Vogel T, Godes M, Persson PB, Flemming B (2009) The renin-angiotensin system and the third mechanism of renal blood flow autoregulation. Am J Physiol Ren Physiol 296:F1334–F1345

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Seng WK, Hwang SJ, Han DC, Teong CC, Chan J, Burke TA, Carides GW, Choi YJ (2005) Losartan reduces the costs of diabetic end-stage renal disease: an Asian perspective. Nephrology (Carlton) 10:520–524

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Silverstein J, Klingensmith G, Copeland K, Plotnick L, Kaufman F, Laffel L, Deeb L, Grey M, Anderson B, Holzmeister LA, Clark N, Association AD (2005) Care of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 28:186–212

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Sjögren P, Becker W, Warensjö E, Olsson E, Byberg L, Gustafsson IB, Karlström B, Cederholm T (2010) Mediterranean and carbohydrate-restricted diets and mortality among elderly men: a cohort study in Sweden. Am J Clin Nutr 92:967–974

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Stookey JD (2005) High prevalence of plasma hypertonicity among community-dwelling older adults: results from NHANES III. J Am Diet Assoc 105:1231–1239

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Stookey JD, Barclay D, Arieff A, Popkin BM (2007) The altered fluid distribution in obesity may reflect plasma hypertonicity. Eur J Clin Nutr 61:190–199

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. Stookey JD, Constant F, Popkin BM, Gardner CD (2008) Drinking water is associated with weight loss in overweight dieting women independent of diet and activity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 16:2481–2488

    Article  Google Scholar 

  121. Struthers A, Krum H, Williams GH (2008) A comparison of the aldosterone-blocking agents eplerenone and spironolactone. Clin Cardiol 31:153–158

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  122. Stucchi P, Cano V, Ruiz-Gayo M, Fernández-Alfonso MS (2009) Aliskiren reduces body-weight gain, adiposity and plasma leptin during diet-induced obesity. Br J Pharmacol 158:771–778

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  123. Takahashi N, Lopez ML, Cowhig JE Jr, Taylor MA, Hatada T, Riggs E, Lee G, Gomez RA, Kim HS, Smithies O (2005) Ren1c homozygous null mice are hypotensive and polyuric, but heterozygotes are indistinguishable from wild-type. J Am Soc Nephrol 16:125–132

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  124. Takai S, Jin D, Ikeda H, Sakonjo H, Miyazaki M (2009) Significance of angiotensin II receptor blockers with high affinity to angiotensin II type 1 receptors for vascular protection in rats. Hypertens Res 32:853–860

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  125. Takeda S, Sato N, Takeuchi D, Kurinami H, Shinohara M, Niisato K, Kano M, Ogihara T, Rakugi H, Morishita R (2009) Angiotensin receptor blocker prevented beta-amyloid-induced cognitive impairment associated with recovery of neurovascular coupling. Hypertension 54:1345–1352

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  126. Thornton SN (2009) Angiotensin, the hypovolaemia hormone, aggravates hypertension, obesity, diabetes and cancer. J Intern Med 265:616–617

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  127. Thornton SN (2009) Hypovolaemia-induced mild hypoxia produces subchronic metabolic dysfunction. Int J Obes (Lond) 33:605

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Thornton SN (2009) Angiotensin, the hormone to be blocked by antithypertensive drugs, and perhaps why they don't work. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 7:549

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  129. Thornton SN (2010) Thirst and hydration: physiology and consequences of dysfunction. Physiol Behav 100:15–21

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  130. Thornton SN (2010) Angiotensin antagonists could increase urine production and drinking in order to decrease renal problems in diabetes and hypertension. Hypertens Res 33:88

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  131. Thornton SN, Even PC, van Dijk G (2009) Hydration increases cell metabolism. Int J Obes (Lond) 33:385

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Van Buren PN, Adams-Huet B, Toto RD (2010) Effective antihypertensive strategies for high-risk patients with diabetic nephropathy. J Investig Med Oct 27. (in press)

  133. van Lieburg AF, Knoers NV, Monnens LA (1999) Clinical presentation and follow-up of 30 patients with congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. J Am Soc Nephrol 10:1958–1964

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  134. Waldegger S, Busch GL, Kaba NK, Zempel G, Ling H, Heidland A, Häussinger D, Lang F (1997) Effect of cellular hydration on protein metabolism. Miner Electrolyte Metab 23:201–205

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  135. Weisinger RS, Begg DP, Chen N, Jois M, Mathai ML, Sinclair AJ (2007) The problem of obesity: is there a role for antagonists of the renin-angiotensin system? Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 16:359–367

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  136. Weisinger HS, Begg DP, Egan GF, Jayasooriya AP, Lie F, Mathai ML, Sinclair AJ, Wark JD, Weisinger RS (2008) Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition from birth reduces body weight and body fat in Sprague-Dawley rats. Physiol Behav 93:820–825

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  137. Weisinger RS, Begg DP, Jois M (2009) Antagonists of the renin-angiotensin system and the prevention of obesity. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 10:1069–1077

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  138. Weisinger RS, Stanley TK, Begg DP, Weisinger HS, Spark KJ, Jois M (2009) Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition lowers body weight and improves glucose tolerance in C57BL/6J mice maintained on a high fat diet. Physiol Behav 98:192–197

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  139. Zou K, Michikawa M (2008) Angiotensin-converting enzyme as a potential target for treatment of Alzheimer's disease: inhibition or activation? Rev Neurosci 19:203–212

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The author would like to express his sincere thanks to Professor Ralph Norgren and to Dr Patrick Even for the very valuable discussions during the development of the manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Université Henri Poincaré, Nancy Université, Nancy, France

    Simon N. Thornton

  2. INSERM, U961, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France

    Simon N. Thornton

  3. U961 UHP-INSERM, Risque cardiovasculaire, rigidité-fibrose et hypercoagulabilité, Faculté de Médecine, 9 Avenue de la forêt de Haye, B.P. 184, 54505, Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France

    Simon N. Thornton

Authors
  1. Simon N. Thornton
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Simon N. Thornton.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Thornton, S.N. Angiotensin inhibition and longevity: a question of hydration. Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol 461, 317–324 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-010-0911-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-010-0911-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation