Introduction
Definition of CKD
Causes of CKD
Causes of CKD | Causes of ESRD | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study [reference] | NAPRTCS [12] | Italian Registry [5] | Belgian Registry [13] | ANZDATA [27] | ESPN/ERA-EDTA Registry [28] | UK Renal Registry [29] | Japanese Registry [30] |
Population | CKD (GFR < 75) | CKD (GFR < 75) | CKD (GFR < 60) | ESRD (RRT) | ESRD (RRT) | ESRD (RRT) | ESRD (RRT) |
Age range | 0–20 | 0–19 | 0–19 | 0–19 | 0–15 | 0–15 | 0–19 |
Patients | Registered 1994–2007 | Incident 1990–2000 | Incident 2001–2005 | Incident 2003–2008 | Incident 2008 | Incident 2004–2008 | Prevalent 1998 |
Number of cases | 7,037 | 1,197 | 143 | 369 | 499 | 428 | 582 |
Etiology | |||||||
CAKUT | 3,361 (48%) | 689 (58%) | 84 (59%) | 127 (34%) | 182 (36%) | 184 (43%) | 208 (36%) |
Hypodysplasia ± reflux nephropathy | 1,907 | 516 | 66 | 95 | 135 | 198 | |
Obstructive uropathy | 1,454 | 173 | 18 | 32 | 49 | 10 | |
Glomerulonephritis | 993 (14%) | 55 (5%) | 10 (7%) | 108 (29%) | 76 (15%) | 78 (18%) | 130 (22%) |
HUS | 141 (2%) | 43 (4%) | 9 (6%) | 9 (2%) | 29 (6%) | 13 (2%) | |
Hereditary nephropathy | 717 (10%) | 186 (15%) | 27 (19%) | 112 (22%) | 69 (12%) | ||
Congenital NS | 75 | 13 | 5 | 7 | 15 | 34 | |
Metabolic disease | 5 | 17 | 18 | ||||
Cystinosis | 104 | 22 | 2 | 4 | 2 | ||
Cystic kidney disease | 368 (5%) | 101 (8%) | 13 (9%) | 25 (7%) | 59 (12%) | 49 (11%) | 35 (6%) |
Ischemic renal failure | 158 (2%) | 49 (4%) | 3 (2%) | 8 (2%) | 11 (2%) | 11 (2%) | |
Miscellaneous | 1,485 (21%) | 122 (10%) | 10 (7%) | 65 (18%) | 52 (10%) | 19 (4%) | 83 (14%) |
Missing/unknown | 182 (3%) | 40 (3%) | 16 (4%) | 37 (7%) | 65 (15%) | 34 (6%) |
Screening for early kidney injury
Demographics of CKD
Europe
Country [reference] | Italy [5] | Belgium [13] | Spain [39] | Sweden [8] | France [7] | Turkey [14] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Period | 1990–2000 | 2001–2005 | 2007–2008 | 1986–1994 | 1975–1990 | 2005 |
Number of cases | 1,197 | 143 | 605 | 118 | 127 | 282 |
Inclusion criteria | 0–19 years GFR < 75 | 0–19 years CKD 3-5 | 0–17 years CKD 2–5 | 0.5–15 years GFR < 30 or SCr > 120 (< 3 years), > 150 (3–9 years), > 180 (> 10 years) | 0–15 years SCr > 133 (< 2 years) or 175 (> 2 years) | 0–18 years GFR < 75 |
Pediatric population covered (millions) | 16.8 | 2.4 | 11.3 | 1.7 | 0.5 (Lorraine) | 24.0 |
Incidence (pmarp) | 12.1 | 11.9 | 8.7 | 7.7 | 10.5 | 11.9 |
Prevalence (pmarp) | 74.7 | 56 | 71.1 | 59 | 66 | |
Male/female ratio | 2.0 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.3 |
Age at diagnosis (years) | 6.9 (mean) | 3.0 (median) | 3.9 (mean) | 3.3 and 11.3 in congenital and acquired disorders (median) | 6.3 and 10.6 in congenital and acquired disorders (median) | 8.0 (mean) |
GFR or CKD stages at diagnosis | GFR 42 (mean) | CKD 3: 67% CKD 4: 19% CKD 5: 14% | GFR 52 (mean) CKD 2–3: 82% CKD 4–5: 18% | Pre-RRT: 57% | Pre-RRT: 76% | CKD 2–3: 38% CKD 4: 30% CKD 5: 32% |
Latin America
Middle East and South East Asia
Demographics of ESRD
Incidence and prevalence of ESRD
Changing trends
Treatment modalities
Registry (number of countries) | Age (years) | Initial treatment modality (%) | Prevalent treatment modality (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HD | PD | Transplantation | HD | PD | Transplantation | ||
ANZDATA (2) | 0–19 | 45 | 39 | 16 | 12 | 15 | 73 |
ERA-EDTA (11) | 0–19 | 44 | 35 | 21 | 13 | 7 | 80 |
ESPN/ERA-EDTA (31) | 0–14 | 36 | 49 | 15 | 14 | 21 | 65 |
USRDS (1) | 0–19 | 52 | 31 | 17 | 17 | 11 | 71 |
0–14 | 35 | 46 | 19 | 15 | 11 | 74 | |
CORR/Canada (1) | 0–19 | 52 | 30 | 18 | 9 | 13 | 78 |
Japan (1) | 0–18 | 30 | 69 | 1 | 17 | 42 | 41 |