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Erschienen in: Der Schmerz 1/2014

01.02.2014 | Schwerpunkt

Nichtmedikamentöse Maßnahmen sowie topische Analgetika und orale Zuckerstoffe im Schmerzmanagement

Österreichische interdisziplinäre Handlungsempfehlungen zum perioperativen Schmerzmanagement bei Kindern

verfasst von: Dr. B. Messerer, B. Krauss-Stoisser, B. Urlesberger

Erschienen in: Der Schmerz | Ausgabe 1/2014

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Zusammenfassung

In der Schmerztherapie von Kindern werden neben medikamentösen zunehmend auch nichtmedikamentöse Verfahren angewendet. Sie haben eine unterstützende Funktion. In diesem Artikel werden nichtmedikamentöse Verfahren mit Einfluss auf perioperative und posttraumatische Schmerzen von Kindern und Jugendlichen dargestellt. Voraussetzung jeder suffizienten Schmerztherapie sind Zuwendung, die Vermittlung von Geborgenheit, Ablenkung und das Schaffen einer kindgerechten Umgebung. Topische Analgetika sind indiziert für die Anwendung auf der intakten Haut zur Oberflächenanästhesie. Altersabhängig müssen zur sicheren Anwendung die Dauer der Applikation, die Dosis und der maximale behandelte Hautbereich beachtet werden. Bei kleineren schmerzhaften Prozeduren hat oral verabreichte Glukose bei Frühgeborenen, Neugeborenen und jungen Säuglingen eine schmerzreduzierende Wirkung. Der positive Effekt ist v. a. für die Anwendung bei einem einmaligen Schmerzreiz gesichert. Nichtnutritives Saugen, „swaddling“, „facilitated tucking“, Kängurupflege u. a. können bei Früh- und Neugeborenen bei nur gering schmerzhaften Maßnahmen unterstützend eingesetzt werden. Für eine schmerzreduzierende Wirkung bei älteren Säuglingen und Kleinkindern besteht keine ausreichende Evidenz. Physikalisch-medizinische Therapieverfahren werden begleitend zur Behandlung akuter Schmerzen eingesetzt. Die Therapie wird individuell angepasst. Zwar lässt die eingeschränkte Datenlage eine kritische wissenschaftliche Beurteilung der einzelnen Maßnahmen derzeit kaum zu. Die Effekte können jedoch im täglichen Einsatz beobachtet werden. Psychologische Methoden können den Umgang mit Schmerzen erleichtern. Bei psychischen bzw. psychiatrischen Komorbiditäten oder psychosozialen Beeinträchtigungen sollte ein Psychologe herangezogen werden. Auch die Akupunktur und Hypnose sind eine sinnvolle Ergänzung im Rahmen einer multimodalen Schmerztherapie.
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Metadaten
Titel
Nichtmedikamentöse Maßnahmen sowie topische Analgetika und orale Zuckerstoffe im Schmerzmanagement
Österreichische interdisziplinäre Handlungsempfehlungen zum perioperativen Schmerzmanagement bei Kindern
verfasst von
Dr. B. Messerer
B. Krauss-Stoisser
B. Urlesberger
Publikationsdatum
01.02.2014
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Der Schmerz / Ausgabe 1/2014
Print ISSN: 0932-433X
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-2129
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00482-014-1391-9

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