Introduction
Methods
Statistical analysis
Results
Composite | Bulgaria | Croatia | Greece | Hungary | Slovenia | Test statistic | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HbA1c | |||||||
7.0–7.9% [53–63 mmol/mol] | 9.4% | 1.9% | 10.5% | 19.2% | 6.7% | 13.3% | – |
8.0–8.9% [64–74 mmol/mol] | 43.2% | 17.3% | 47.4% | 46.1% | 52.0% | 73.3% | – |
9.0–9.9% [75–85 mmol/mol] | 39.4% | 77.0% | 36.8% | 28.9% | 26.6% | 13.3% | – |
≥ 10.0% [≥ 86 mmol/mol] | 8.0% | 3.8% | 5.3% | 5.8% | 14.7% | 0.0% | – |
Clinical barriers to insulin initiation | |||||||
Hypoglycaemia | 1.84 ± 1.05 | 2.11 ± 1.21 | 1.80 ± 1.06 | 1.56 ± 0.89 | 1.85 ± 1.06 | 1.79 ± 0.79 | p = 0.148 |
Weight gain | 2.37 ± 0.94 | 2.33 ± 1.05 | 2.13 ± 0.87 | 2.63 ± 0.91 | 2.18 ± 0.78 | 2.83 ± 1.19 | p = 0.011 |
Psychological distress | 3.06 ± 1.04 | 2.65 ± 1.10 | 3.26 ± 0.92 | 2.98 ± 1.13 | 3.38 ± 0.86 | 2.86 ± 1.08 | p = 0.001 |
Quality of life | 2.74 ± 1.05 | 2.91 ± 0.96 | 2.80 ± 1.08 | 2.83 ± 0.97 | 2.58 ± 1.13 | 2.52 ± 1.17 | p = 0.344 |
Factors influencing clinical decision-making | |||||||
Clinical guidelines | 1.52 ± 0.71 | 1.54 ± 0.69 | 1.70 ± 0.83 | 1.34 ± 0.65 | 1.58 ± 0.73 | 1.62 ± 0.63 | p = 0.135 |
Health insurance constraints | 2.35 ± 0.79 | 2.28 ± 0.83 | 2.43 ± 0.79 | 2.71 ± 0.51 | 2.16 ± 0.85 | 2.17 ± 0.82 | p = 0.004 |
Clinical experience | 2.12 ± 0.72 | 2.17 ± 0.74 | 1.87 ± 0.70 | 1.95 ± 0.63 | 2.26 ± 0.70 | 2.21 ± 0.92 | p = 0.136 |
Factors influencing insulin initiation practices | |||||||
Clinical experience | 2.07 ± 0.91 | 2.22 ± 0.87 | 2.04 ± 1.05 | 2.02 ± 0.79 | 2.08 ± 1.00 | 1.72 ± 0.86 | p = 0.201 |
Information from peers | 3.14 ± 1.00 | 3.20 ± 1.09 | 3.20 ± 0.95 | 3.12 ± 1.05 | 3.16 ± 0.92 | 2.79 ± 1.00 | p = 0.000 |
Manufacturer information | 2.77 ± 1.07 | 2.57 ± 1.05 | 3.09 ± 0.88 | 2.88 ± 1.07 | 2.66 ± 1.12 | 3.21 ± 0.96 | p = 0.714 |
CME education | 2.02 ± 1.07 | 2.02 ± 1.12 | 1.67 ± 0.83 | 1.98 ± 1.08 | 2.09 ± 1.07 | 2.28 ± 1.18 | p = 0.119 |
Approach to insulin initiation | |||||||
Basal insulin | 78.6% | 67.3% | 88.8% | 96.0% | 73.0% | 75.0% | – |
Biphasic insulin | 9.0% | 25.0% | 11.2% | 2.0% | 0% | 18.7% | – |
Prandial insulin | 0.5% | 1.9% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | – |
Basal-bolus | 11.9% | 5.8% | 0% | 2.0% | 27.0% | 6.3% | – |