Introduction
Clinical features according to the macroscopic and microscopic classifications of HCC with PVTT
Hepatectomy
First author | Year | No. | Clarification of PVTT | Mortality | 5-year survival rate | Median survival time |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wu [18] | 2000 | 15 | Vp 4 | 0 % | 26.4 % | NA |
Poon [19] | 2003 | 20 | Vp 3–4 | 5.7 % | 13.3 % | 6.0 mo |
Ikai [20] | 2006 | 78 | Vp 3–4 | 3.8 % | 10.9 % | 8.9 mo |
Treut [21] | 2006 | 26 | Vp 3–4 (or Vv) | 11.5 % | 13.0 % | 9.0 mo |
Chen [22] | 2006 | 152 | Vp 4 | 2.6 % | 0 % | 10.1 mo |
Inoue [23] | 2009 | 20 | Vp 4 | 0 % | 39.0 % | NA |
Kondo [24] | 2009 | 5 | Vp 4 | 0 % | 0 % | 8.0 mo |
Ban [25] | 2009 | 45 | Vp 3–4 | 0 % | 22.4 % | 20.0 mo |
Shi [26] | 2010 | 247 | Vp 3 (169) | 0.6 % | 17.7 % (3-year) | 15.0 mo |
Vp 4 (78) | 0 % | 3.6 % (3-year) | 10.0 mo | |||
Ikai [12] | 2010 | 1,021 | Vp 3–4 | NA | 18.3 % | NA |
Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy
First author | Year | No. | Classification of PVTT | Treatment | Survival rate | Median survival time | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Itamoto [30] | 2002 | 7 | Vp 3–4 | HAI | CDDP + 5-FU | NA | 7.5 mo |
Ando [31] | 2002 | 48 | Vp 2–4 | HAI | CDDP + 5-FU | 11.0 % (5-year) | 10.2 mo |
Izaki [32] | 2004 | 15 | Vp 2–4 | GIA-TAE (10) | 13.3 % (3-year) | 9.5 mo | |
GIA-TAE + RT (5) | 0 % (3-year) | 7.1 mo | |||||
Georgiades [33] | 2005 | 32 | Vp 3–4 | TACE | 25.0 % (1-year) | 9.5 mo | |
Akiyama [34] | 2008 | 23 | Vp 3–4 | HAI | CDDP + 5FU (10) | NA | 3.5 mo |
Control (13) | NA | 2.2 mo | |||||
Kondo [35] | 2010 | 24 | Vp 1–4 | HAI | CDDP powder | 16 % (2-year) | 7.0 mo |
Radiotherapy and ablation therapy
First author | year | No. | Classification of PVTT | Treatment | Survival rate | Median survival time |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hata [37] | 2005 | 12 | Vp 3–4 | Proton beam therapy (50–72 Gv) | 24 % (5-year) | 11 mo (CR + PR) |
Nakagawa [38] | 2005 | 52 | Vp 2–4 | 3D-CRT (39–60 Gy) | 5.1 % (5-year) | NA |
Zeng [39] | 2005 | 44 | Vp l–4, Vv3 | External beam radiation (36–60 Gy) | 34.8 % (1-year) | 8.0 mo |
Kim [40] | 2005 | 59 | Vp 3–4 | 3D-CRT (39–70.2 Gy) | 20.7 % (2-year) | 10.7 mo (CR + P) |
Lin [41] [RCT] | 2006 | 43 | Vp 3–4 | Stereotactic radiotherapy (22) | NA | 6.0 mo |
3D-CRT (21) | NA | 6.7 mo | ||||
Zhang [42] | 2008 | 10 | Vp 3 | 125-iodine seed implantation for PVTT | NA | NA |
Shirai [42] | 2009 | 26 | Vp 3–4 | 3D-CRT using SPECT | 30 % (2-year) | 10.3 mo |
Giorgio [44] | 2009 | 13 | Vp 4 | Percutaneous RFA | 77 % (3-year) | NA |
Zheng [45] | 2009 | 108 | Vp 3–4 | Percutaneous laser ablation | 22.38 % (3-year) | NA |
Nonsurgical multimodality treatment
First author | Year | No. | Classification of PVTT | Multimodality treatment | Survival rate | Median survival time |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kaneko [46] | 2001 | 8 | Vp 3–4 | HAI: CDDP,5-FU, MTX + IFM-α + Leu | 15 % (2-year) | 11 mo (CR + PR) |
Sakon [47] | 2002 | 8 | Vp 3–4 | HAI: 5-FU + IFN-α | NA | NA |
Ishikura [48] | 2002 | 20 | Vp 3–4 | TACE → RT (50 Gy) | 25 % (1-year) | 5.3 mo |
Yamada [49] | 2003 | 19 | Vp 3–4 | TACE → 3D-CRT | 10.2 % (2-year) | 7.0 mo |
Ota [50] | 2005 | 55 | Vp 3–4 | HAI: 5-FU + IFN-α | 164 % (5-year) | 11.8 mo |
Hsu [51] | 2006 | 20 | Vp 3–4 | 3D-CRT + thalidomide | 0 % (5-year) | NA |
Obi [52] | 2006 | 116 | Vp 3–4 | HAI: 5-FU + IEN-α | 18 % (2-year) | 6.9 mo |
Ishikawa [53] | 2007 | 10 | Vp 3–4 | HAI: etoposide, carboplatin, epirubicin, 5FU → UFT-E | 20 % (2-year) | 14.7 mo |
Kitamura [54] | 2009 | 32 | Vp 3–4 | HAI: 5-FU + IFN-α + 3D-CRT (16) | NA | 7.5 mo |
HAI: 5-FU + IFN-α (16) | NA | 7.9 mo | ||||
Zhang [55] | 2009 | 45 | Vp 4 | PTPVS-TACE → 3D-CRT (16) | 32.5 % (360-day) | NA |
PTPVA-TACE (29) | 6.9 % (360-day) | NA | ||||
Luo [56] | 2010 | 32 | Vp 3–4 | 125-iodine seed strand + Stent | 39.3 % (360-day) | 8.4 mo |
Surgical multimodality treatment
First author | Year | No. | Classification of PVTT | Multimodality treatment and hepatic reaction | 5-year survival rate | Median survival time |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Minagawa [57] | 2001 | 45 | Vp 2–4 | Pre-TACE → Hr (18) | 42 % | NA |
TACE or HAI (27) | 0 % | NA | ||||
Fan [58] | 2001 | 147 | Vp 3–4 | Conservative (l8) | 0 % | 2.0 mo |
HAL and/or Post-HAI, PVI (18) | 0 % | 5.0 mo | ||||
Hr (79) | 16.6 % | 12.0 mo | ||||
Hr → Post-TACE or HAI and/or PVI (32) | 26.8 | 16.0 mo | ||||
Fukuda [59] | 2002 | 19 | Vp 3–4 or Vv or B | Hr → Post-HAI or TACE etc. | 36.3 % | 22.1 mo |
Lau [60] | 2004 | 7 | Vp 4 | Pre-PIAF or yttrium 90 + Dox → Hr | 56 % | NA |
Ku [61] | 2004 | 17 | Vp 1–4 | Hr → Post-PIHP | 40 % | NA |
Nagano [62] | 2007 | 30 | Vp 4 | Hr → Post-IFN/5-FU | 21.4 % (3-year) | 9.5 mo |
Kamiyama [63] | 2007 | 43 | Vp 3–4 | Pre-RT → Hr (15) | 34.8 % | 19.6 mo |
Hr (28) | 13.1 % | 9.1 mo | ||||
Peng [64] [RCT] | 2009 | 126 | Vp 3–4 | Hr (53) | 8.5 | 9.0 mo |
Hr → Post-TACE (51) | 21.5 % | 13.0 mo |