Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Der Onkologe 9/2015

01.09.2015 | CME Zertifizierte Fortbildung

Thymustumoren

verfasst von: Dr. H. Grosch, H. Hoffmann, C.-A. Weis, M. Thomas

Erschienen in: Die Onkologie | Ausgabe 9/2015

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Thymustumoren, d. h. Thymome, Thymuskarzinome und -karzinoide, sind mit einer Inzidenz von 0,13/100.000 Einwohnern eine sehr seltene Entität.

Material und Methoden

Anhand einer Literaturrecherche wurden neuere Erkenntnisse zur Epidemiologie, Klassifikationen und verschiedenen Therapieansätzen recherchiert.

Ergebnisse

Die sehr verschiedenen Tumoren können lange klinisch inapparent bleiben, die eigentlichen Thymome (A, AB, B1, B2, B3) können Paraneoplasien verursachen, und Thymuskarzinome wachsen sehr aggressiv. Die chirurgische Resektion wird als der Goldstandard bei den limitierten Tumorstadien I und II angesehen und sollte im lokal fortgeschrittenen Stadium III sowie auch bei bereits pleural metastasierter Situation im Rahmen eines multimodalen Konzepts diskutiert werden. Thymustumoren sind chemotherapiesensibel. Neuere zielgerichtete Therapien haben noch einen geringen Stellenwert und sollten nur in der palliativen Situation nach Versagen mindestens einer Therapielinie eingesetzt werden.

Schlussfolgerung

Insbesondere die neue TNM-Klassifikation (T: Tumor, N: „node“, M: Metastase) der Thymustumoren wird helfen, die Indikationen für die vielfältigen Therapiemöglichkeiten besser zu begründen.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Engels EA (2010) Epidemiology of thymoma and associated malignancies. J Thorac Oncol [Suppl 4] 10:260–265 Engels EA (2010) Epidemiology of thymoma and associated malignancies. J Thorac Oncol [Suppl 4] 10:260–265
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Travis WD, Brambilla E, Muller-Hermelink HK (Hrsg) (2004) World Health Organization classification of tumours. Pathology and genetics of tumours of the lung, pleura, thymus and heart. IARC, Lyon Travis WD, Brambilla E, Muller-Hermelink HK (Hrsg) (2004) World Health Organization classification of tumours. Pathology and genetics of tumours of the lung, pleura, thymus and heart. IARC, Lyon
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Detterbeck F, Stratton K (2014) The IASLC/ITMIG thymic epithelial tumors staging project: proposal for an evidence-based stage classification system for the forthcoming (8th) edition of the TNM classification of malignant tumors. J Thorac Oncol [Suppl 2] 9:65–72 Detterbeck F, Stratton K (2014) The IASLC/ITMIG thymic epithelial tumors staging project: proposal for an evidence-based stage classification system for the forthcoming (8th) edition of the TNM classification of malignant tumors. J Thorac Oncol [Suppl 2] 9:65–72
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Marom EM (2010) Imaging thymoma. J Thorac Oncol [Suppl 4] 10:296–303 Marom EM (2010) Imaging thymoma. J Thorac Oncol [Suppl 4] 10:296–303
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Rieker RJ, Muley T (2008) An institutional study on thymomas and thymic carcinomas: experience in 77 patients. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 56:143–147CrossRefPubMed Rieker RJ, Muley T (2008) An institutional study on thymomas and thymic carcinomas: experience in 77 patients. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 56:143–147CrossRefPubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Marx A, Hohenberger P (2010) The autoimmune regulator AIRE in thymoma biology autoimmunity and beyond. J Thorac Oncol [Suppl 4] 10:266–272 Marx A, Hohenberger P (2010) The autoimmune regulator AIRE in thymoma biology autoimmunity and beyond. J Thorac Oncol [Suppl 4] 10:266–272
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Detterbeck FC (2010) Evaluation and treatment of stage I and II thymoma. J Thorac Oncol [Suppl 4] 10:318–322 Detterbeck FC (2010) Evaluation and treatment of stage I and II thymoma. J Thorac Oncol [Suppl 4] 10:318–322
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Wright CD (2010) Extended resections of thymic malignancies. J Thorac Oncol [Suppl 4] 10:344–347 Wright CD (2010) Extended resections of thymic malignancies. J Thorac Oncol [Suppl 4] 10:344–347
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Lucchi M, Mussi AD (2010) Surgical treatment of recurrent thymomas. J Thorac Oncol [Suppl 4] 10:348–351 Lucchi M, Mussi AD (2010) Surgical treatment of recurrent thymomas. J Thorac Oncol [Suppl 4] 10:348–351
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Gomez D, Komaki R (2010) Technical advances of radiation therapy for thymic malignancies. J Thorac Oncol [Suppl 4] 10:336–343 Gomez D, Komaki R (2010) Technical advances of radiation therapy for thymic malignancies. J Thorac Oncol [Suppl 4] 10:336–343
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Fuller CD, Ramahi EH (2010) Radiotherapy for thymic neoplasms. J Thorac Oncol [Suppl 4] 10:327–335 Fuller CD, Ramahi EH (2010) Radiotherapy for thymic neoplasms. J Thorac Oncol [Suppl 4] 10:327–335
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Riely GJ, Huang J (2010) Induction therapy for locally advanced thymoma. J Thorac Oncol [Suppl 4] 10:323–326 Riely GJ, Huang J (2010) Induction therapy for locally advanced thymoma. J Thorac Oncol [Suppl 4] 10:323–326
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmitt J (2010) The role of chemotherapy in advanced thymoma. J Thorac Oncol [Suppl 4] 10:357–360 Schmitt J (2010) The role of chemotherapy in advanced thymoma. J Thorac Oncol [Suppl 4] 10:357–360
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Wright CD, Choi NC (2008) Induction chemoradiotherapy followed by resection for locally advanced Massaoka stage III and IVa thymic tumors. Ann Thorac Surg 85:385–389CrossRefPubMed Wright CD, Choi NC (2008) Induction chemoradiotherapy followed by resection for locally advanced Massaoka stage III and IVa thymic tumors. Ann Thorac Surg 85:385–389CrossRefPubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Bretti S, Berrutti A (2004) Multimodal management of stages III and IVa malignant thymoma. Lung Cancer 44:69–77CrossRefPubMed Bretti S, Berrutti A (2004) Multimodal management of stages III and IVa malignant thymoma. Lung Cancer 44:69–77CrossRefPubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Lucchi M, Ambrogi MC (2005) Advanced stage thymomas and thymic carciomas: results of multimodality treatments. Ann Thorac Surg 79:1840–1844CrossRefPubMed Lucchi M, Ambrogi MC (2005) Advanced stage thymomas and thymic carciomas: results of multimodality treatments. Ann Thorac Surg 79:1840–1844CrossRefPubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim ES, Putnam JB (2004) Phase II study of a multidisciplinary approach with induction chemotherapy, followed by surgical resection, radiation therapy, and consolidation chemotherapy for unresectable malignant thymomas: final report. Lung Cancer 44:369–379CrossRefPubMed Kim ES, Putnam JB (2004) Phase II study of a multidisciplinary approach with induction chemotherapy, followed by surgical resection, radiation therapy, and consolidation chemotherapy for unresectable malignant thymomas: final report. Lung Cancer 44:369–379CrossRefPubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Rea F, Sartory F (1993) Chemotherapy and operation for invasive thymoma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 106:543–549PubMed Rea F, Sartory F (1993) Chemotherapy and operation for invasive thymoma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 106:543–549PubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Refaley Y, Simansky DA (2001) Resection and perfusion thermochemotherapy: a new approach for the treatment of thymic malignancies with pleural spread. Ann Thorac Surg 72:366–370CrossRef Refaley Y, Simansky DA (2001) Resection and perfusion thermochemotherapy: a new approach for the treatment of thymic malignancies with pleural spread. Ann Thorac Surg 72:366–370CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Ried M, Potzger T (2013) Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intrathoracic chemotherapy perfusion for malignant pleural tumours. Perioperative management and clinical experience. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 43:801–807CrossRefPubMed Ried M, Potzger T (2013) Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intrathoracic chemotherapy perfusion for malignant pleural tumours. Perioperative management and clinical experience. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 43:801–807CrossRefPubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Loehrer PJ, Kim K (1994) Cisplatin plus doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide in metastatic or recurrent thymoma: final results from an intergroup trial. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, Southwest Oncology Group, and Southeastern Cancer Study Group. J Clin Oncol 12:1164–1168PubMed Loehrer PJ, Kim K (1994) Cisplatin plus doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide in metastatic or recurrent thymoma: final results from an intergroup trial. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, Southwest Oncology Group, and Southeastern Cancer Study Group. J Clin Oncol 12:1164–1168PubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Fornasiero A, Danielle O (1991) Chemotherapy for invasive thymoma: a 13 year experience. Cancer 68:30–33CrossRefPubMed Fornasiero A, Danielle O (1991) Chemotherapy for invasive thymoma: a 13 year experience. Cancer 68:30–33CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Giaccone GA, Ardizzoni A (1996) Cisplatin and etoposide combination chemotherapy for locally advanced or metastatic thymoma: a phase II study of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Lung Cancer Cooperative Groups. J Clin Oncol 14:814–820PubMed Giaccone GA, Ardizzoni A (1996) Cisplatin and etoposide combination chemotherapy for locally advanced or metastatic thymoma: a phase II study of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Lung Cancer Cooperative Groups. J Clin Oncol 14:814–820PubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Lemma GL, Loehrer PJ (2008) A phase II study of carboplatin plus paclitaxel in advanced thymoma or thymic carcinoma. E1C99. Proc Ann Soc Clin Oncol 26:8018 Lemma GL, Loehrer PJ (2008) A phase II study of carboplatin plus paclitaxel in advanced thymoma or thymic carcinoma. E1C99. Proc Ann Soc Clin Oncol 26:8018
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Loehrer PJ, Wang W (2004) Octreotide alone or with prednisone in patients with advanced thymoma and thymic carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 22:293–299CrossRefPubMed Loehrer PJ, Wang W (2004) Octreotide alone or with prednisone in patients with advanced thymoma and thymic carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 22:293–299CrossRefPubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Kurup A, Burns M (2005) Phase II study of gefitinib in advanced thymic malignancies (abstract). J Clin Oncol [Suppl 16] 23:7068 Kurup A, Burns M (2005) Phase II study of gefitinib in advanced thymic malignancies (abstract). J Clin Oncol [Suppl 16] 23:7068
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Bedano P, Perkins S (2008) A phase II trial of erlotinib plus bevacizumab in patients with recurrent thymoma or thymic carcinoma (abstract). J Clin Oncol [Suppl] 26:19087 Bedano P, Perkins S (2008) A phase II trial of erlotinib plus bevacizumab in patients with recurrent thymoma or thymic carcinoma (abstract). J Clin Oncol [Suppl] 26:19087
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Salter JT, Lewis D (2008) Imatinib for the treatment of thymic carcinoma (meeting abstracts). J Clin Oncol 26:8116 Salter JT, Lewis D (2008) Imatinib for the treatment of thymic carcinoma (meeting abstracts). J Clin Oncol 26:8116
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Giaccone G, Rajan A (2009) Imatinib mesylate in patients with WHO B3 thymomas and thymic carcinomas. J Thorac Oncol 4:1270–1273CrossRefPubMed Giaccone G, Rajan A (2009) Imatinib mesylate in patients with WHO B3 thymomas and thymic carcinomas. J Thorac Oncol 4:1270–1273CrossRefPubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Strobel P, Bargou R (2010) Sunitinib in metastatic thymic carcinomas: laboratory findings and initial clinical experience. Br J Cancer 103:196–200PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Strobel P, Bargou R (2010) Sunitinib in metastatic thymic carcinomas: laboratory findings and initial clinical experience. Br J Cancer 103:196–200PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Thomas A, Rajan A (2014) A phase II trial of sunitinib in patients with thymic epithelial tumors (TET). Poster highlight session (Poster 7525). ASCO, Chicago Thomas A, Rajan A (2014) A phase II trial of sunitinib in patients with thymic epithelial tumors (TET). Poster highlight session (Poster 7525). ASCO, Chicago
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Zucali PA, De Pas TM (2014) Phase II study with everolimus in patients with thymoma and thymic carcinoma previously treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Poster 7527. ASCO, Chicago Zucali PA, De Pas TM (2014) Phase II study with everolimus in patients with thymoma and thymic carcinoma previously treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Poster 7527. ASCO, Chicago
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Buonerba C, Ottaviano M (2014) Capecitabine plus gemcitabine in thymic epithelial tumors: final analysis of a phase II trial. Poster 7528. ASCO, Chicago Buonerba C, Ottaviano M (2014) Capecitabine plus gemcitabine in thymic epithelial tumors: final analysis of a phase II trial. Poster 7528. ASCO, Chicago
Metadaten
Titel
Thymustumoren
verfasst von
Dr. H. Grosch
H. Hoffmann
C.-A. Weis
M. Thomas
Publikationsdatum
01.09.2015
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Onkologie / Ausgabe 9/2015
Print ISSN: 2731-7226
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7234
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-015-3025-y

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 9/2015

Der Onkologe 9/2015 Zur Ausgabe

Update Onkologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.