Thickness of softened human enamel removed by toothbrush abrasion: an in vitro study

The aim of the study was to assess the thickness of softened enamel removed by toothbrushing. Human enamel specimens were indented with a Knoop diamond. Softening was performed with citric acid or orange juice. The specimens were brushed in a brushing machine with a manual soft toothbrush in toothpaste slurry or in artificial saliva. Enamel loss was calculated from the change in indentation depth of the same indent before and after abrasion. Mean surface losses (95% confidence interval) were recorded in treatment groups (in nanometers): (1) citric acid, abrasion with slurry = 339 (280–398); (2) citric acid, abrasion with artificial saliva = 16 (5–27); (3) orange juice, abrasion with slurry = 268 (233–303); (4) orange juice, abrasion with artificial saliva = 14 (5–23); (5) no softening, abrasion with slurry = 28 (10–46). The calculated thickness of the softened enamel varied between 254 and 323 nm, depending on the acid used.