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01.10.2009 | Original Contribution

The influence of rumination and distraction on depressed and anxious mood: a prospective examination of the response styles theory in children and adolescents

verfasst von: Jeffrey Roelofs, Lea Rood, Cor Meesters, Valérie te Dorsthorst, Susan Bögels, Lauren B. Alloy, Susan Nolen-Hoeksema

Erschienen in: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry | Ausgabe 10/2009

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Abstract

The present study sought to test predictions of the response styles theory in a sample of children and adolescents. More specifically, a ratio approach to response styles was utilized to examine the effects on residual change scores in depression and anxiety. Participants completed a battery of questionnaires including measures of rumination, distraction, depression, and anxiety at baseline (Time 1) and 8–10 weeks follow-up (Time 2). Results showed that the ratio score of rumination and distraction was significantly associated with depressed and anxious symptoms over time. More specifically, individuals who have a greater tendency to ruminate compared to distracting themselves have increases in depression and anxiety scores over time, whereas those who have a greater tendency to engage in distraction compared to rumination have decreases in depression and anxiety symptoms over time. These findings indicate that a ratio approach can be used to examine the relation between response styles and symptoms of depression and anxiety in non-clinical children and adolescents. Implications of the results may be that engaging in distractive activities should be promoted and that ruminative thinking should be targeted in juvenile depression treatment.

The association between depression (CDI) and anxiety (STAI-C) was relatively high, possibly threatening the discriminant validity of the scales. To deal with this issue, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis on items of the CDI and the STAI-C in order to obtain relatively pure depression and anxiety factors (see [7]). Items with salient double loadings (i.e., >0.30) were removed. In total, 18 out of 20 STAI-C items and 22 out of 27 CDI items were retained. The correlation coefficient between the reduced scales was 0.65 indicating less overlap. All analyses were conducted for the original scales as well as for the reduced scales. Similar results were found for the original and reduced scales. Therefore, the original scales were used in all analyses in order to be able to compare our findings to previous research.

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Titel: The influence of rumination and distraction on depressed and anxious mood: a prospective examination of the response styles theory in children and adolescents
verfasst von: Jeffrey Roelofs
Lea Rood
Cor Meesters
Valérie te Dorsthorst
Susan Bögels
Lauren B. Alloy
Susan Nolen-Hoeksema
Publikationsdatum: 01.10.2009
Verlag: D. Steinkopff-Verlag
Erschienen in: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry / Ausgabe 10/2009
Print ISSN: 1018-8827
Elektronische ISSN: 1435-165X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-009-0026-7

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The influence of rumination and distraction on depressed and anxious mood: a prospective examination of the response styles theory in children and adolescents

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