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Cognitive and behavioral disorders in Parkinson’s disease: an update. II: behavioral disorders

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Abstract

Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) can experience several behavioral symptoms, such as apathy, agitation, hypersexuality, stereotypic movements, pathological gambling, abuse of antiparkinsonian drugs, and REM sleep behavioral disorders. Psychoses and hallucinations, depression and anxiety disorders, and difficulties in recognizing and experiencing emotions also impair behavior and can cause severe psychosocial problems in patients with PD. Symptoms can be present since early stages of the disease, sometimes even before the appearance of classical motor symptoms, likely in relation to dopamine depletion in basal ganglia and/or to dysfunctions of other neurotrasmitter systems, and others can develop later, in some cases in relation to dopaminergic treatment. In this paper, we review recent literature, with particular attention to the last 5 years, on the main behavioral and emotional disturbances described in PD patients as well as the hypothesized neurofunctional substrate of such impairments. Finally, we provide some suggestions on the most suitable instruments to check and assess PD-associated behavioral defects over time.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Viale Ellittico 31, 81100, Caserta, Italy

    Luigi Trojano

  2. ICS Maugeri, IRCCS, Telese Terme, Italy

    Luigi Trojano

  3. CIMeC, University of Trento, Trento, Italy

    Costanza Papagno

  4. Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo 1, 02100, Milan, Italy

    Costanza Papagno

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  1. Luigi Trojano
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Trojano, L., Papagno, C. Cognitive and behavioral disorders in Parkinson’s disease: an update. II: behavioral disorders. Neurol Sci 39, 53–61 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-017-3155-7

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