Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Emergency Radiology 2/2017

01.04.2017 | Review Article

Neurovascular emergencies: imaging diagnosis and neurointerventional treatment

verfasst von: W. Tania Rahman, Julius Griauzde, Neeraj Chaudhary, Aditya S. Pandey, Joseph J. Gemmete, Suzanne T. Chong

Erschienen in: Emergency Radiology | Ausgabe 2/2017

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Neurovascular emergencies, consisting of acute ischemic stroke, non-traumatic aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, arteriovenous malformation, dural arteriovenous fistula, and carotid- cavernous fistula, can have an acute presentation to the emergency department. Radiologists should have an understanding of these processes and their imaging findings in order to provide a prompt and accurate diagnosis. Neurointerventional radiology plays a critical role in providing additional diagnostic information and potentially curative treatment. Understanding the grading scales used to evaluate and prognosticate these neurovascular emergencies can help expedite management for best possible patient outcomes.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Larner AJ, Farmer SF (1999) Recent advances. Neurology BMJ 319(7206):362–366PubMed Larner AJ, Farmer SF (1999) Recent advances. Neurology BMJ 319(7206):362–366PubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Craig J, Patterson V, Rocke L, Jamison J (1997) Accident and emergency neurology: time for a reappraisal? Health Trends 29:89–91 Craig J, Patterson V, Rocke L, Jamison J (1997) Accident and emergency neurology: time for a reappraisal? Health Trends 29:89–91
3.
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, Cushman M, Das SR, de Ferranti S, Despres JP, Fullerton HJ, Howard VJ, Huffman MD, Isasi CR, Jimenez MC, Judd SE, Kissela BM, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth LD, Liu S, Mackey RH, Magid DJ, McGuire DK, Mohler ER 3rd, Moy CS, Muntner P, Mussolino ME, Nasir K, Neumar RW, Nichol G, Palaniappan L, Pandey DK, Reeves MJ, Rodriguez CJ, Rosamond W, Sorlie PD, Stein J, Towfighi A, Turan TN, Virani SS, Woo D, Yeh RW, Turner MB (2016) Heart disease and stroke statistics—2016 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 133(4):e38–e360. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000350 CrossRefPubMed Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, Cushman M, Das SR, de Ferranti S, Despres JP, Fullerton HJ, Howard VJ, Huffman MD, Isasi CR, Jimenez MC, Judd SE, Kissela BM, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth LD, Liu S, Mackey RH, Magid DJ, McGuire DK, Mohler ER 3rd, Moy CS, Muntner P, Mussolino ME, Nasir K, Neumar RW, Nichol G, Palaniappan L, Pandey DK, Reeves MJ, Rodriguez CJ, Rosamond W, Sorlie PD, Stein J, Towfighi A, Turan TN, Virani SS, Woo D, Yeh RW, Turner MB (2016) Heart disease and stroke statistics—2016 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 133(4):e38–e360. doi:10.​1161/​CIR.​0000000000000350​ CrossRefPubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Tomandl BF, Klotz E, Handschu R, Stemper B, Reinhardt F, Huk WJ, Eberhardt KE, Fateh-Moghadam S (2003) Comprehensive imaging of ischemic stroke with multisection CT. Radiographics 23(3):565–592. doi:10.1148/rg.233025036 CrossRefPubMed Tomandl BF, Klotz E, Handschu R, Stemper B, Reinhardt F, Huk WJ, Eberhardt KE, Fateh-Moghadam S (2003) Comprehensive imaging of ischemic stroke with multisection CT. Radiographics 23(3):565–592. doi:10.​1148/​rg.​233025036 CrossRefPubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Powers WJ, Derdeyn CP, Biller J, Coffey CS, Hoh BL, Jauch EC, Johnston KC, Johnston SC, Khalessi AA, Kidwell CS, Meschia JF, Ovbiagele B, Yavagal DR, American Heart Association Stroke C (2015) 2015 American Heart Association/American Stroke Association focused update of the 2013 guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke regarding endovascular treatment: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 46(10):3020–3035. doi:10.1161/STR.0000000000000074 CrossRefPubMed Powers WJ, Derdeyn CP, Biller J, Coffey CS, Hoh BL, Jauch EC, Johnston KC, Johnston SC, Khalessi AA, Kidwell CS, Meschia JF, Ovbiagele B, Yavagal DR, American Heart Association Stroke C (2015) 2015 American Heart Association/American Stroke Association focused update of the 2013 guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke regarding endovascular treatment: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 46(10):3020–3035. doi:10.​1161/​STR.​0000000000000074​ CrossRefPubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Jauch EC, Saver JL, Adams HP Jr, Bruno A, Connors JJ, Demaerschalk BM, Khatri P, McMullan PW Jr, Qureshi AI, Rosenfield K, Scott PA, Summers DR, Wang DZ, Wintermark M, Yonas H (2013) Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 44(3):870–947. doi:10.1161/STR.0b013e318284056a CrossRefPubMed Jauch EC, Saver JL, Adams HP Jr, Bruno A, Connors JJ, Demaerschalk BM, Khatri P, McMullan PW Jr, Qureshi AI, Rosenfield K, Scott PA, Summers DR, Wang DZ, Wintermark M, Yonas H (2013) Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 44(3):870–947. doi:10.​1161/​STR.​0b013e318284056a​ CrossRefPubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat [No authors listed] (1995) Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group. N Engl J Med 333(24):1581–1587. doi:10.1056/NEJM199512143332401 [No authors listed] (1995) Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group. N Engl J Med 333(24):1581–1587. doi:10.​1056/​NEJM199512143332​401
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Chalela JA, Kidwell CS, Nentwich LM, Luby M, Butman JA, Demchuk AM, Hill MD, Patronas N, Latour L, Warach S (2007) Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in emergency assessment of patients with suspected acute stroke: a prospective comparison. Lancet 369(9558):293–298. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60151-2 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Chalela JA, Kidwell CS, Nentwich LM, Luby M, Butman JA, Demchuk AM, Hill MD, Patronas N, Latour L, Warach S (2007) Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in emergency assessment of patients with suspected acute stroke: a prospective comparison. Lancet 369(9558):293–298. doi:10.​1016/​S0140-6736(07)60151-2 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Goyal M, Demchuk AM, Menon BK, Eesa M, Rempel JL, Thornton J, Roy D, Jovin TG, Willinsky RA, Sapkota BL, Dowlatshahi D, Frei DF, Kamal NR, Montanera WJ, Poppe AY, Ryckborst KJ, Silver FL, Shuaib A, Tampieri D, Williams D, Bang OY, Baxter BW, Burns PA, Choe H, Heo JH, Holmstedt CA, Jankowitz B, Kelly M, Linares G, Mandzia JL, Shankar J, Sohn SI, Swartz RH, Barber PA, Coutts SB, Smith EE, Morrish WF, Weill A, Subramaniam S, Mitha AP, Wong JH, Lowerison MW, Sajobi TT, Hill MD (2015) Randomized assessment of rapid endovascular treatment of ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 372(11):1019–1030. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1414905 CrossRefPubMed Goyal M, Demchuk AM, Menon BK, Eesa M, Rempel JL, Thornton J, Roy D, Jovin TG, Willinsky RA, Sapkota BL, Dowlatshahi D, Frei DF, Kamal NR, Montanera WJ, Poppe AY, Ryckborst KJ, Silver FL, Shuaib A, Tampieri D, Williams D, Bang OY, Baxter BW, Burns PA, Choe H, Heo JH, Holmstedt CA, Jankowitz B, Kelly M, Linares G, Mandzia JL, Shankar J, Sohn SI, Swartz RH, Barber PA, Coutts SB, Smith EE, Morrish WF, Weill A, Subramaniam S, Mitha AP, Wong JH, Lowerison MW, Sajobi TT, Hill MD (2015) Randomized assessment of rapid endovascular treatment of ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 372(11):1019–1030. doi:10.​1056/​NEJMoa1414905 CrossRefPubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Pexman JH, Barber PA, Hill MD, Sevick RJ, Demchuk AM, Hudon ME, Hu WY, Buchan AM (2001) Use of the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) for assessing CT scans in patients with acute stroke. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 22(8):1534–1542PubMed Pexman JH, Barber PA, Hill MD, Sevick RJ, Demchuk AM, Hudon ME, Hu WY, Buchan AM (2001) Use of the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) for assessing CT scans in patients with acute stroke. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 22(8):1534–1542PubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Hill MD, Demchuk AM, Goyal M, Jovin TG, Foster LD, Tomsick TA, von Kummer R, Yeatts SD, Palesch YY, Broderick JP, I.M.S. Investigators (2014) Alberta stroke program early computed tomography score to select patients for endovascular treatment: interventional management of stroke (IMS)-III trial. Stroke 45(2):444–449. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.003580 CrossRefPubMed Hill MD, Demchuk AM, Goyal M, Jovin TG, Foster LD, Tomsick TA, von Kummer R, Yeatts SD, Palesch YY, Broderick JP, I.M.S. Investigators (2014) Alberta stroke program early computed tomography score to select patients for endovascular treatment: interventional management of stroke (IMS)-III trial. Stroke 45(2):444–449. doi:10.​1161/​STROKEAHA.​113.​003580 CrossRefPubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Verro P, Tanenbaum LN, Borden NM, Sen S, Eshkar N (2002) CT angiography in acute ischemic stroke: preliminary results. Stroke 33(1):276–278CrossRefPubMed Verro P, Tanenbaum LN, Borden NM, Sen S, Eshkar N (2002) CT angiography in acute ischemic stroke: preliminary results. Stroke 33(1):276–278CrossRefPubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Schaefer PW, Souza L, Kamalian S, Hirsch JA, Yoo AJ, Kamalian S, Gonzalez RG, Lev MH (2015) Limited reliability of computed tomographic perfusion acute infarct volume measurements compared with diffusion-weighted imaging in anterior circulation stroke. Stroke 46(2):419–424CrossRefPubMed Schaefer PW, Souza L, Kamalian S, Hirsch JA, Yoo AJ, Kamalian S, Gonzalez RG, Lev MH (2015) Limited reliability of computed tomographic perfusion acute infarct volume measurements compared with diffusion-weighted imaging in anterior circulation stroke. Stroke 46(2):419–424CrossRefPubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Lui YW, Tang ER, Allmendinger AM, Spektor V (2010) Evaluation of CT perfusion in the setting of cerebral ischemia: patterns and pitfalls. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 31(9):1552–1563. doi:10.3174/ajnr.A2026 CrossRefPubMed Lui YW, Tang ER, Allmendinger AM, Spektor V (2010) Evaluation of CT perfusion in the setting of cerebral ischemia: patterns and pitfalls. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 31(9):1552–1563. doi:10.​3174/​ajnr.​A2026 CrossRefPubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Murphy BD, Fox AJ, Lee DH, Sahlas DJ, Black SE, Hogan MJ, Coutts SB, Demchuk AM, Goyal M, Aviv RI, Symons S, Gulka IB, Beletsky V, Pelz D, Hachinski V, Chan R, Lee TY (2006) Identification of penumbra and infarct in acute ischemic stroke using computed tomography perfusion-derived blood flow and blood volume measurements. Stroke 37(7):1771–1777. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000227243.96808.53 CrossRefPubMed Murphy BD, Fox AJ, Lee DH, Sahlas DJ, Black SE, Hogan MJ, Coutts SB, Demchuk AM, Goyal M, Aviv RI, Symons S, Gulka IB, Beletsky V, Pelz D, Hachinski V, Chan R, Lee TY (2006) Identification of penumbra and infarct in acute ischemic stroke using computed tomography perfusion-derived blood flow and blood volume measurements. Stroke 37(7):1771–1777. doi:10.​1161/​01.​STR.​0000227243.​96808.​53 CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Graff-Radford NR, Torner J, Adams HP Jr, Kassell NF (1989) Factors associated with hydrocephalus after subarachnoid hemorrhage. A report of the cooperative aneurysm study. Arch Neurol 46(7):744–752CrossRefPubMed Graff-Radford NR, Torner J, Adams HP Jr, Kassell NF (1989) Factors associated with hydrocephalus after subarachnoid hemorrhage. A report of the cooperative aneurysm study. Arch Neurol 46(7):744–752CrossRefPubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Meyers PM, Schumacher HC, Higashida RT, Derdeyn CP, Nesbit GM, Sacks D, Wechsler LR, Bederson JB, Lavine SD, Rasmussen P, American Society of Interventional N, Society of Interventional R (2009) Reporting standards for endovascular repair of saccular intracranial cerebral aneurysms. J Vasc Interv Radiol 20(7 Suppl):S435–S450. doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2009.03.004 CrossRefPubMed Meyers PM, Schumacher HC, Higashida RT, Derdeyn CP, Nesbit GM, Sacks D, Wechsler LR, Bederson JB, Lavine SD, Rasmussen P, American Society of Interventional N, Society of Interventional R (2009) Reporting standards for endovascular repair of saccular intracranial cerebral aneurysms. J Vasc Interv Radiol 20(7 Suppl):S435–S450. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jvir.​2009.​03.​004 CrossRefPubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Fisher CM, Kistler JP, Davis JM (1980) Relation of cerebral vasospasm to subarachnoid hemorrhage visualized by computerized tomographic scanning. Neurosurgery 6(1):1–9CrossRefPubMed Fisher CM, Kistler JP, Davis JM (1980) Relation of cerebral vasospasm to subarachnoid hemorrhage visualized by computerized tomographic scanning. Neurosurgery 6(1):1–9CrossRefPubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Rogg JM, Smeaton S, Doberstein C, Goldstein JH, Tung GA, Haas RA (1999) Assessment of the value of MR imaging for examining patients with angiographically negative subarachnoid hemorrhage. AJR Am J Roentgenol 172(1):201–206. doi:10.2214/ajr.172.1.9888768 CrossRefPubMed Rogg JM, Smeaton S, Doberstein C, Goldstein JH, Tung GA, Haas RA (1999) Assessment of the value of MR imaging for examining patients with angiographically negative subarachnoid hemorrhage. AJR Am J Roentgenol 172(1):201–206. doi:10.​2214/​ajr.​172.​1.​9888768 CrossRefPubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Etminan N, Brown RD Jr, Beseoglu K, Juvela S, Raymond J, Morita A, Torner JC, Derdeyn CP, Raabe A, Mocco J, Korja M, Abdulazim A, Amin-Hanjani S, Al-Shahi Salman R, Barrow DL, Bederson J, Bonafe A, Dumont AS, Fiorella DJ, Gruber A, Hankey GJ, Hasan DM, Hoh BL, Jabbour P, Kasuya H, Kelly ME, Kirkpatrick PJ, Knuckey N, Koivisto T, Krings T, Lawton MT, Marotta TR, Mayer SA, Mee E, Pereira VM, Molyneux A, Morgan MK, Mori K, Murayama Y, Nagahiro S, Nakayama N, Niemela M, Ogilvy CS, Pierot L, Rabinstein AA, Roos YB, Rinne J, Rosenwasser RH, Ronkainen A, Schaller K, Seifert V, Solomon RA, Spears J, Steiger HJ, Vergouwen MD, Wanke I, Wermer MJ, Wong GK, Wong JH, Zipfel GJ, Connolly ES Jr, Steinmetz H, Lanzino G, Pasqualin A, Rufenacht D, Vajkoczy P, McDougall C, Hanggi D, LeRoux P, Rinkel GJ, Macdonald RL (2015) The unruptured intracranial aneurysm treatment score: a multidisciplinary consensus. Neurology 85(10):881–889. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000001891 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Etminan N, Brown RD Jr, Beseoglu K, Juvela S, Raymond J, Morita A, Torner JC, Derdeyn CP, Raabe A, Mocco J, Korja M, Abdulazim A, Amin-Hanjani S, Al-Shahi Salman R, Barrow DL, Bederson J, Bonafe A, Dumont AS, Fiorella DJ, Gruber A, Hankey GJ, Hasan DM, Hoh BL, Jabbour P, Kasuya H, Kelly ME, Kirkpatrick PJ, Knuckey N, Koivisto T, Krings T, Lawton MT, Marotta TR, Mayer SA, Mee E, Pereira VM, Molyneux A, Morgan MK, Mori K, Murayama Y, Nagahiro S, Nakayama N, Niemela M, Ogilvy CS, Pierot L, Rabinstein AA, Roos YB, Rinne J, Rosenwasser RH, Ronkainen A, Schaller K, Seifert V, Solomon RA, Spears J, Steiger HJ, Vergouwen MD, Wanke I, Wermer MJ, Wong GK, Wong JH, Zipfel GJ, Connolly ES Jr, Steinmetz H, Lanzino G, Pasqualin A, Rufenacht D, Vajkoczy P, McDougall C, Hanggi D, LeRoux P, Rinkel GJ, Macdonald RL (2015) The unruptured intracranial aneurysm treatment score: a multidisciplinary consensus. Neurology 85(10):881–889. doi:10.​1212/​WNL.​0000000000001891​ CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
31.
Zurück zum Zitat [No authors listed] (1998) Unruptured intracranial aneurysms—risk of rupture and risks of surgical intervention. International Study of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms Investigators. N Engl J Med 339(24):1725–1733. doi:10.1056/NEJM199812103392401 [No authors listed] (1998) Unruptured intracranial aneurysms—risk of rupture and risks of surgical intervention. International Study of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms Investigators. N Engl J Med 339(24):1725–1733. doi:10.​1056/​NEJM199812103392​401
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Matsukawa H, Fujii M, Akaike G, Uemura A, Takahashi O, Niimi Y, Shinoda M (2014) Morphological and clinical risk factors for posterior communicating artery aneurysm rupture. J Neurosurg 120(1):104–110. doi:10.3171/2013.9.JNS13921 CrossRefPubMed Matsukawa H, Fujii M, Akaike G, Uemura A, Takahashi O, Niimi Y, Shinoda M (2014) Morphological and clinical risk factors for posterior communicating artery aneurysm rupture. J Neurosurg 120(1):104–110. doi:10.​3171/​2013.​9.​JNS13921 CrossRefPubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Molyneux AJ, Kerr RS, Yu LM, Clarke M, Sneade M, Yarnold JA, Sandercock P, International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial Collaborative Group (2005) International subarachnoid aneurysm trial (ISAT) of neurosurgical clipping versus endovascular coiling in 2143 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms: a randomised comparison of effects on survival, dependency, seizures, rebleeding, subgroups, and aneurysm occlusion. Lancet 366(9488):809–817. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67214-5 CrossRefPubMed Molyneux AJ, Kerr RS, Yu LM, Clarke M, Sneade M, Yarnold JA, Sandercock P, International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial Collaborative Group (2005) International subarachnoid aneurysm trial (ISAT) of neurosurgical clipping versus endovascular coiling in 2143 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms: a randomised comparison of effects on survival, dependency, seizures, rebleeding, subgroups, and aneurysm occlusion. Lancet 366(9488):809–817. doi:10.​1016/​S0140-6736(05)67214-5 CrossRefPubMed
34.
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Geibprasert S, Pongpech S, Jiarakongmun P, Shroff MM, Armstrong DC, Krings T (2010) Radiologic assessment of brain arteriovenous malformations: what clinicians need to know. Radiographics 30(2):483–501. doi:10.1148/rg.302095728 CrossRefPubMed Geibprasert S, Pongpech S, Jiarakongmun P, Shroff MM, Armstrong DC, Krings T (2010) Radiologic assessment of brain arteriovenous malformations: what clinicians need to know. Radiographics 30(2):483–501. doi:10.​1148/​rg.​302095728 CrossRefPubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Mohr JP, Parides MK, Stapf C, Moquete E, Moy CS, Overbey JR, Al-Shahi Salman R, Vicaut E, Young WL, Houdart E, Cordonnier C, Stefani MA, Hartmann A, von Kummer R, Biondi A, Berkefeld J, Klijn CJ, Harkness K, Libman R, Barreau X, Moskowitz AJ (2014) Medical management with or without interventional therapy for unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (ARUBA): a multicentre, non-blinded, randomised trial. Lancet 383(9917):614–621. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62302-8 CrossRefPubMed Mohr JP, Parides MK, Stapf C, Moquete E, Moy CS, Overbey JR, Al-Shahi Salman R, Vicaut E, Young WL, Houdart E, Cordonnier C, Stefani MA, Hartmann A, von Kummer R, Biondi A, Berkefeld J, Klijn CJ, Harkness K, Libman R, Barreau X, Moskowitz AJ (2014) Medical management with or without interventional therapy for unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (ARUBA): a multicentre, non-blinded, randomised trial. Lancet 383(9917):614–621. doi:10.​1016/​S0140-6736(13)62302-8 CrossRefPubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat van Beijnum J, van der Worp HB, Buis DR, Al-Shahi Salman R, Kappelle LJ, Rinkel GJ, van der Sprenkel JW, Vandertop WP, Algra A, Klijn CJ (2011) Treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 306(18):2011–2019. doi:10.1001/jama.2011.1632 CrossRefPubMed van Beijnum J, van der Worp HB, Buis DR, Al-Shahi Salman R, Kappelle LJ, Rinkel GJ, van der Sprenkel JW, Vandertop WP, Algra A, Klijn CJ (2011) Treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 306(18):2011–2019. doi:10.​1001/​jama.​2011.​1632 CrossRefPubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Kiyosue H, Hori Y, Okahara M, Tanoue S, Sagara Y, Matsumoto S, Nagatomi H, Mori H (2004) Treatment of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: current strategies based on location and hemodynamics, and alternative techniques of transcatheter embolization. Radiographics 24(6):1637–1653. doi:10.1148/rg.246045026 CrossRefPubMed Kiyosue H, Hori Y, Okahara M, Tanoue S, Sagara Y, Matsumoto S, Nagatomi H, Mori H (2004) Treatment of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: current strategies based on location and hemodynamics, and alternative techniques of transcatheter embolization. Radiographics 24(6):1637–1653. doi:10.​1148/​rg.​246045026 CrossRefPubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Ikawa F, Uozumi T, Kiya K, Kurisu K, Arita K, Sumida M (1996) Diagnosis of carotid-cavernous fistulas with magnetic resonance angiography—demonstrating the draining veins utilizing 3-D time-of-flight and 3-D phase-contrast techniques. Neurosurg Rev 19(1):7–12CrossRefPubMed Ikawa F, Uozumi T, Kiya K, Kurisu K, Arita K, Sumida M (1996) Diagnosis of carotid-cavernous fistulas with magnetic resonance angiography—demonstrating the draining veins utilizing 3-D time-of-flight and 3-D phase-contrast techniques. Neurosurg Rev 19(1):7–12CrossRefPubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Saposnik G, Barinagarrementeria F, Brown RD Jr, Bushnell CD, Cucchiara B, Cushman M, deVeber G, Ferro JM, Tsai FY (2011) Diagnosis and management of cerebral venous thrombosis: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 42(4):1158–1192CrossRefPubMed Saposnik G, Barinagarrementeria F, Brown RD Jr, Bushnell CD, Cucchiara B, Cushman M, deVeber G, Ferro JM, Tsai FY (2011) Diagnosis and management of cerebral venous thrombosis: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 42(4):1158–1192CrossRefPubMed
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Brott TG, Halperin JL, Abbara S, Bacharach JM, Barr JD, Bush RL, Cates CU, Creager MA, Fowler SB, Friday G, Hertzberg VS, McIff EB, WS M, Panagos PD, Riles TS, Rosenwasser RH, Taylor AJ (2011) 2011 ASA/ACCF/AHA/AANN/AANS/ACR/ASNR/CNS/SAIP/SCAI/SIR/SNIS/SVM/SVS guideline on the management of patients with extracranial carotid and vertebral artery disease. A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, and the American Stroke Association, American Association of Neuroscience Nurses, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, American College of Radiology, American Society of Neuroradiology, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Society of Atherosclerosis Imaging and Prevention, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Interventional Radiology, Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery, Society for Vascular Medicine, and Society for Vascular Surgery. Circulation 124(4):31CrossRef Brott TG, Halperin JL, Abbara S, Bacharach JM, Barr JD, Bush RL, Cates CU, Creager MA, Fowler SB, Friday G, Hertzberg VS, McIff EB, WS M, Panagos PD, Riles TS, Rosenwasser RH, Taylor AJ (2011) 2011 ASA/ACCF/AHA/AANN/AANS/ACR/ASNR/CNS/SAIP/SCAI/SIR/SNIS/SVM/SVS guideline on the management of patients with extracranial carotid and vertebral artery disease. A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, and the American Stroke Association, American Association of Neuroscience Nurses, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, American College of Radiology, American Society of Neuroradiology, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Society of Atherosclerosis Imaging and Prevention, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Interventional Radiology, Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery, Society for Vascular Medicine, and Society for Vascular Surgery. Circulation 124(4):31CrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Rodallec MH, Marteau V, Gerber S, Desmottes L, Zins M (2008) Craniocervical arterial dissection: spectrum of imaging findings and differential diagnosis. Radiographics 28(6):1711–1728CrossRefPubMed Rodallec MH, Marteau V, Gerber S, Desmottes L, Zins M (2008) Craniocervical arterial dissection: spectrum of imaging findings and differential diagnosis. Radiographics 28(6):1711–1728CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Neurovascular emergencies: imaging diagnosis and neurointerventional treatment
verfasst von
W. Tania Rahman
Julius Griauzde
Neeraj Chaudhary
Aditya S. Pandey
Joseph J. Gemmete
Suzanne T. Chong
Publikationsdatum
01.04.2017
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Emergency Radiology / Ausgabe 2/2017
Print ISSN: 1070-3004
Elektronische ISSN: 1438-1435
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10140-016-1450-x

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2017

Emergency Radiology 2/2017 Zur Ausgabe

Update Radiologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.