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Erschienen in: Neurosurgical Review 1/2014

01.01.2014 | Original Article

Posterior condylar canals and posterior condylar emissary veins—a microsurgical and CT anatomical study

verfasst von: Ken Matsushima, Masatou Kawashima, Toshio Matsushima, Tetsuya Hiraishi, Tomoyuki Noguchi, Akio Kuraoka

Erschienen in: Neurosurgical Review | Ausgabe 1/2014

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Abstract

The posterior condylar canals (PCCs) and posterior condylar emissary veins (PCEVs) are potential anatomical landmarks for surgical approaches through the lateral foramen magnum. We conducted computed tomography (CT) and microsurgical investigation of how PCCs and PCEVs can aid in planning and performing these approaches. We analyzed the microanatomy of PCCs and PCEVs using cadaveric specimens, dry skulls, and CT images. The recognition frequency and geometry of PCCs and PCEVs and their relationships with surrounding structures were evaluated. PCCs were identified in 36 of 50 sides in dry bones and 82 of 100 sides by CT. PCCs had a 3.5-mm mean diameter and a 6.8-mm mean canal length. We classified their courses into four types according to intracranial openings: the sigmoid sinus (SS) type, the jugular bulb (JB) type, the occipital sinus type, and the anterior condylar emissary vein type. In most cases, PCEV originated near the boundary between the SS and JB. PCCs and PCEVs can be useful anatomical landmarks to differentiate the transcondylar fossa approach from the transcondylar approach, thus preventing unnecessary injury of the atlantooccipital joint. They can also be used as landmarks when the jugular foramen (JF) and hypoglossal canal (HGC) are being exposed. The area anterior to the brain stem and the medial part of HGC can be accessed by removal of the lateral foramen magnum medial to PCC. JF and the lateral part of HGC can be accessed by removal of the skull base lateral to PCC without damaging the lateral rim of the foramen magnum.
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Metadaten
Titel
Posterior condylar canals and posterior condylar emissary veins—a microsurgical and CT anatomical study
verfasst von
Ken Matsushima
Masatou Kawashima
Toshio Matsushima
Tetsuya Hiraishi
Tomoyuki Noguchi
Akio Kuraoka
Publikationsdatum
01.01.2014
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Neurosurgical Review / Ausgabe 1/2014
Print ISSN: 0344-5607
Elektronische ISSN: 1437-2320
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10143-013-0493-7

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