Classification
Epidemiology
Prevalence
Country | Study method | Number of participants | Age (year) | Time period prevalence | Tension-type headache | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Women (%) | Men (%) | All (%) | |||||
Canada [3] | Telephone interview | 2,737 | >15 | Lifetime | 21 | 37 | 29 |
Chile [4] | Questionnaire | 1,385 | >14 | Lifetime | 18 | 35 | 27 |
Denmark [5] | Clinical interview | 740 | 25–64 | Lifetime | 69 | 88 | 78 |
and examination | One year | 63 | 86 | 74 | |||
Point | 9 | 16 | 12 | ||||
Denmark [6] | Questionnaire | 3,425 | 40 | One year | 77 | 91 | 84 |
Denmark [7] | Questionnaire | 28,195 | 12–41 | One year | 79 | 93 | 86 |
Finland [8] | Clinical interview | 200 | >15 | One year | 37 | 42 | 40 |
Germany [9] | Questionnaire | 4,061 | >18 | Lifetime | 36 | 39 | 38 |
Norway [10] | Questionnaire | 51,383 | >-20 | One year | 22 | 30 | 26 |
Sweden [11] | Telephone | 1,284 | 17–82 | Lifetime | 11 | 16 | 14 |
lay interview | |||||||
UK [12] | Questionnaire | 727 | Adults | Lifetime | 29 | 35 | 32 |
UK [13] | Questionnaire | 882 | 35–54 | One year | 42 | 61 | 52 |
USA [14] | Telephone interview | 13,345 | 18–65 | One year | 38 | 45 | 41 |
Sex ratio
Co-occurrence of tension-type headache and migraine
Migraine | No migraine | |
---|---|---|
Men
| N=413 | N=2,128 |
% (n) | % (n) | |
No tension-type headache | 9.0 (37) | 25.8 (548) |
Infrequent episodic tension-type headache | 38.0 (157) | 53.5 (1,139) |
Frequent episodic tension-type headache | 49.6 (205) | 20.0 (426) |
Chronic tension-type headache | 3.4 (14) | 0.7 (15) |
Women
| N=256 | N=623 |
% (n) | % (n) | |
No tension-type headache | 3.9 (10) | 10.4 (65) |
Infrequent episodic tension-type headache | 34.4 (88) | 49.8 (310) |
Frequent episodic tension-type headache | 56.6 (145) | 37.1 (231) |
Chronic tension-type headache | 5.1 (13) | 2.7 (17) |
Genetics
Family studies
No. of affected first degree relatives | Population relatives reisk | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Observed (O) | Expected (E) | Estimated (O/E) | 95% CI | |
Parents | 30 | 7.76 | 3.87 | 2.73–5.18 |
Siblings | 18 | 8.38 | 2.14 | 1.31–3.27 |
Children | 23 | 6.51 | 3.53 | 2.30–5.06 |
All first degree relatives | 71 | 22.61 | 3.14 | 2.50–3.86 |
Spouses | 4 | 4.85 | 0.82 | 0.23–2.68 |
Twin studies
Tension-type headache | Men | Women | Total | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MZ | DZ | MZ | DZ | MZ | DZ | |
No | ||||||
Number of pairs | ||||||
Concordant pairs | 143 | 146 | 61 | 41 | 204 | 187 |
Discordant pairs | 285 | 431 | 116 | 169 | 401 | 600 |
Concordance rate | ||||||
Probandwise | 50 | 40 | 51 | 33 | 50 | 38 |
95% CI | (43–57) | (33–48) | (40–62) | (20–46) | (45–56) | (32–45) |
p-values | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
Infrequent episodic | ||||||
Number of pairs | ||||||
Concordant pairs | 630 | 757 | 674 | 642 | 1,304 | 1,399 |
Discordant pairs | 413 | 539 | 377 | 519 | 790 | 1,058 |
Concordance rate | ||||||
Probandwise | 75 | 74 | 78 | 71 | 77 | 73 |
95% CI | (73–78) | (71–76) | (76–81) | (68–74) | (75–79) | (71–74) |
p-values | n.s. | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
Frequent episodic | ||||||
Number of pairs | ||||||
Concordant pairs | 40 | 20 | 148 | 119 | 188 | 139 |
Discordant pairs | 153 | 188 | 297 | 401 | 450 | 589 |
Concordance rate | ||||||
Probandwise | 34 | 18 | 50 | 37 | 46 | 32 |
95% CI | (21–48) | (2–34) | (43–57) | (29–45) | (39–52) | (25–39) |
p-values | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
Chronic | ||||||
Number of pairs | ||||||
Concordant pairs | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Discordant pairs | 7 | 6 | 11 | 15 | 18 | 21 |
Concordance rate | ||||||
Probandwise | 0 | 0 | 15 | 12 | 10 | 9 |
95% CI | (−) | (−) | (−52−83) | (−50−73) | (−47−67) | (−45−63) |
p-values | – | n.s. | n.s. | |||
Migraine without aura | ||||||
Concordance rate | ||||||
29 | 15 | 50 | 37 | 43 | 31 | |
95% CI | (3–55) | (–19–49) | (41–59) | (31–43) | (37–49) | (26–36) |
Migraine with aura | ||||||
Concordance rate | ||||||
53 | 29 | 48 | 15 | 50 | 21 | |
95% CI | (35–71) | (15–43) | (32–64) | (4–26) | (38–62) | (12–30) |