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Methods for Quantifying Three-Dimensional Deformation of Arteries due to Pulsatile and Nonpulsatile Forces: Implications for the Design of Stents and Stent Grafts

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Abstract

The knowledge of dynamic changes in the vascular system has become increasingly important in ensuring the safety and efficacy of endovascular devices. We developed new methods for quantifying in vivo three-dimensional (3D) arterial deformation due to pulsatile and nonpulsatile forces. A two-dimensional threshold segmentation technique combined with a level set method enabled calculation of the consistent centroid of the cross-sectional vessel lumen, whereas an optimal Fourier smoothing technique was developed to eliminate spurious irregularities of the centerline connecting the centroids. Longitudinal strain and novel metrics for axial twist and curvature change were utilized to characterize 3D deformations of the abdominal aorta, common iliac artery, and superficial femoral artery (SFA) due to musculoskeletal motion and deformations of the coronary artery due to cardiac pulsatile motion. These illustrative applications show the significance of each deformation metric, revealing significant longitudinal strain and axial twist in the SFA and coronary artery, and pronounced changes in vessel curvature in the coronary artery and in the inferior region of the SFA. The proposed methods may aid in designing preclinical tests aimed at replicating dynamic in vivo conditions in the arterial tree for the purpose of developing more durable endovascular devices including stents and stent grafts.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank Anne Sawyer and the staff of the Richard M. Lucas Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging at Stanford for assistance with the imaging studies. This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (P41 RR09784, U54 GM072970) and the National Science Foundation (0205741).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

    Gilwoo Choi

  2. Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

    Christopher P. Cheng

  3. Cardiovascular Simulation, Inc., 2490 Hospital Drive, Suite 310, Mountain View, CA, 94040, USA

    Nathan M. Wilson

  4. Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Clark Center E350, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305-5431, USA

    Charles A. Taylor

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  1. Gilwoo Choi
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  2. Christopher P. Cheng
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Correspondence to Charles A. Taylor.

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Choi, G., Cheng, C.P., Wilson, N.M. et al. Methods for Quantifying Three-Dimensional Deformation of Arteries due to Pulsatile and Nonpulsatile Forces: Implications for the Design of Stents and Stent Grafts. Ann Biomed Eng 37, 14–33 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-008-9590-0

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