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The Role of Sugars in Dendritic Cell Trafficking

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Abstract

Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial components of the immune response, strategically positioned as immune sentinels. Complex trafficking and accurate positioning of DCs are indispensable for both immunity and tolerance. This is particularly evident for their therapeutic application where an unmet clinical need exists for DCs with improved migratory capacity upon adoptive transfer into patients. One critical step that directs the trafficking of DCs throughout the body is their egress from the vasculature, starting with their adhesive interactions with vascular endothelium under shear flow. Both tethering and rolling rely on interactions mediated by specific glycans attached to glycoproteins and glycolipids present on the DC surface. In DCs, surface glycosylation, including the expression of selectin ligands, changes significantly depending on the local microenvironment and the functional state of the cells. These changes have been documented and have potential implications in important cell functions such as migration. In this article, we review the glycobiological aspects in the context of DC interaction with endothelium, and offer insights on how it can be applied to modulate DC applicability in therapy.

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Abbreviations

CCL:

C–C-chemokine ligand

CCR:

C–C-chemokine receptor

DC:

Dendritic cell

DC-SIGN:

Dendritic cell-specific intracellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin

Fuc:

Fucose

Gal:

Galactose

GlcNAc:

N-Acetylglucosamine

LN:

Lymph nodes

MHC:

Major histocompatibility complex

Mo-DC:

Monocyte-derived dendritic cell

PGE2 :

Prostaglandin E2

PSGL-1:

P-Selectin glycoprotein ligand-1

Siglec:

Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin

sLex :

Sialyl Lewis X antigen

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported in part by the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Portugal—PTDC/SAU-MII/67561/2006 and SFRH/BPD/41168/2007 (Z.S.), and the NIH/NCI R01 CA101135 and U54 CA143868 (K.K.). We thank Mariana Silva for the help on text revision of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CEDOC, Departamento de Imunologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal

    Zélia Silva & Paula A. Videira

  2. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Konstantinos Konstantopoulos

  3. Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Konstantinos Konstantopoulos

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  1. Zélia Silva
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  2. Konstantinos Konstantopoulos
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  3. Paula A. Videira
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Correspondence to Paula A. Videira.

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Associate Editor Scott I. Simon oversaw the review of this article.

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Silva, Z., Konstantopoulos, K. & Videira, P.A. The Role of Sugars in Dendritic Cell Trafficking. Ann Biomed Eng 40, 777–789 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-011-0448-5

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