Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 1/2016

23.04.2016 | Review

Potential of breastmilk analysis to inform early events in breast carcinogenesis: rationale and considerations

verfasst von: Jeanne Murphy, Mark E. Sherman, Eva P. Browne, Ana I. Caballero, Elizabeth C. Punska, Ruth M. Pfeiffer, Hannah P. Yang, Maxwell Lee, Howard Yang, Gretchen L. Gierach, Kathleen F. Arcaro

Erschienen in: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment | Ausgabe 1/2016

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

This review summarizes methods related to the study of human breastmilk in etiologic and biomarkers research. Despite the importance of reproductive factors in breast carcinogenesis, factors that act early in life are difficult to study because young women rarely require breast imaging or biopsy, and analysis of critical circulating factors (e.g., hormones) is often complicated by the requirement to accurately account for menstrual cycle date. Accordingly, novel approaches are needed to understand how events such as pregnancy, breastfeeding, weaning, and post-weaning breast remodeling influence breast cancer risk. Analysis of breastmilk offers opportunities to understand mechanisms related to carcinogenesis in the breast, and to identify risk markers that may inform efforts to identify high-risk women early in the carcinogenic process. In addition, analysis of breastmilk could have value in early detection or diagnosis of breast cancer. In this article, we describe the potential for using breastmilk to characterize the microenvironment of the lactating breast with the goal of advancing research on risk assessment, prevention, and detection of breast cancer.
Anhänge
Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich
Literatur
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Palmer JR, Viscidi E, Troester MA, Hong CC, Schedin P, Bethea TN, Bandera EV, Borges V, McKinnon C, Haiman CA, Lunetta K, Kolonel LN, Rosenberg L, Olshan AF, Ambrosone CB (2014) Parity, lactation, and breast cancer subtypes in African American women: results from the AMBER Consortium. J Natl Cancer Inst 106(10):dju237. doi:10.1093/jnci/dju237 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Palmer JR, Viscidi E, Troester MA, Hong CC, Schedin P, Bethea TN, Bandera EV, Borges V, McKinnon C, Haiman CA, Lunetta K, Kolonel LN, Rosenberg L, Olshan AF, Ambrosone CB (2014) Parity, lactation, and breast cancer subtypes in African American women: results from the AMBER Consortium. J Natl Cancer Inst 106(10):dju237. doi:10.​1093/​jnci/​dju237 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Haricharan S, Dong J, Hein S, Reddy JP, Du Z, Toneff M, Holloway K, Hilsenbeck SG, Huang S, Atkinson R, Woodward W, Jindal S, Borges VF, Gutierrez C, Zhang H, Schedin PJ, Osborne CK, Tweardy DJ, Li Y (2013) Mechanism and preclinical prevention of increased breast cancer risk caused by pregnancy. Elife 2:e00996. doi:10.7554/eLife.00996 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Haricharan S, Dong J, Hein S, Reddy JP, Du Z, Toneff M, Holloway K, Hilsenbeck SG, Huang S, Atkinson R, Woodward W, Jindal S, Borges VF, Gutierrez C, Zhang H, Schedin PJ, Osborne CK, Tweardy DJ, Li Y (2013) Mechanism and preclinical prevention of increased breast cancer risk caused by pregnancy. Elife 2:e00996. doi:10.​7554/​eLife.​00996 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Figueroa JD, Pfeiffer RM, Patel DA, Linville L, Brinton LA, Gierach GL, Yang XR, Papathomas D, Visscher D, Mies C, Degnim AC, Anderson WF, Hewitt S, Khodr ZG, Clare SE, Storniolo AM, Sherman ME (2014) Terminal duct lobular unit involution of the normal breast: implications for breast cancer etiology. J Natl Cancer Inst 106(10):dju286. doi:10.1093/jnci/dju286 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Figueroa JD, Pfeiffer RM, Patel DA, Linville L, Brinton LA, Gierach GL, Yang XR, Papathomas D, Visscher D, Mies C, Degnim AC, Anderson WF, Hewitt S, Khodr ZG, Clare SE, Storniolo AM, Sherman ME (2014) Terminal duct lobular unit involution of the normal breast: implications for breast cancer etiology. J Natl Cancer Inst 106(10):dju286. doi:10.​1093/​jnci/​dju286 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Russo J, Russo IH (1999) Cellular basis of breast cancer susceptibility. Oncol Res 11(4):169–178PubMed Russo J, Russo IH (1999) Cellular basis of breast cancer susceptibility. Oncol Res 11(4):169–178PubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Yang XR, Chang-Claude J, Goode EL, Couch FJ, Nevanlinna H, Milne RL, Gaudet M, Schmidt MK, Broeks A, Cox A, Fasching PA, Hein R, Spurdle AB, Blows F, Driver K, Flesch-Janys D, Heinz J, Sinn P, Vrieling A, Heikkinen T, Aittomaki K, Heikkila P, Blomqvist C, Lissowska J, Peplonska B, Chanock S, Figueroa J, Brinton L, Hall P, Czene K, Humphreys K, Darabi H, Liu J, Van ‘t Veer LJ, van Leeuwen FE, Andrulis IL, Glendon G, Knight JA, Mulligan AM, O’Malley FP, Weerasooriya N, John EM, Beckmann MW, Hartmann A, Weihbrecht SB, Wachter DL, Jud SM, Loehberg CR, Baglietto L, English DR, Giles GG, McLean CA, Severi G, Lambrechts D, Vandorpe T, Weltens C, Paridaens R, Smeets A, Neven P, Wildiers H, Wang X, Olson JE, Cafourek V, Fredericksen Z, Kosel M, Vachon C, Cramp HE, Connley D, Cross SS, Balasubramanian SP, Reed MW, Dork T, Bremer M, Meyer A, Karstens JH, Ay A, Park-Simon TW, Hillemanns P, Arias Perez JI, Menendez Rodriguez P, Zamora P, Benitez J, Ko YD, Fischer HP, Hamann U, Pesch B, Bruning T, Justenhoven C, Brauch H, Eccles DM, Tapper WJ, Gerty SM, Sawyer EJ, Tomlinson IP, Jones A, Kerin M, Miller N, McInerney N, Anton-Culver H, Ziogas A, Shen CY, Hsiung CN, Wu PE, Yang SL, Yu JC, Chen ST, Hsu GC, Haiman CA, Henderson BE, Le Marchand L, Kolonel LN, Lindblom A, Margolin S, Jakubowska A, Lubinski J, Huzarski T, Byrski T, Gorski B, Gronwald J, Hooning MJ, Hollestelle A, van den Ouweland AM, Jager A, Kriege M, Tilanus-Linthorst MM, Collee M, Wang-Gohrke S, Pylkas K, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Mononen K, Grip M, Hirvikoski P, Winqvist R, Mannermaa A, Kosma VM, Kauppinen J, Kataja V, Auvinen P, Soini Y, Sironen R, Bojesen SE, Orsted DD, Kaur-Knudsen D, Flyger H, Nordestgaard BG, Holland H, Chenevix-Trench G, Manoukian S, Barile M, Radice P, Hankinson SE, Hunter DJ, Tamimi R, Sangrajrang S, Brennan P, McKay J, Odefrey F, Gaborieau V, Devilee P, Huijts PE, Tollenaar RA, Seynaeve C, Dite GS, Apicella C, Hopper JL, Hammet F, Tsimiklis H, Smith LD, Southey MC, Humphreys MK, Easton D, Pharoah P, Sherman ME, Garcia-Closas M (2011) Associations of breast cancer risk factors with tumor subtypes: a pooled analysis from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium studies. J Natl Cancer Inst 103(3):250–263. doi:10.1093/jnci/djq526 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Yang XR, Chang-Claude J, Goode EL, Couch FJ, Nevanlinna H, Milne RL, Gaudet M, Schmidt MK, Broeks A, Cox A, Fasching PA, Hein R, Spurdle AB, Blows F, Driver K, Flesch-Janys D, Heinz J, Sinn P, Vrieling A, Heikkinen T, Aittomaki K, Heikkila P, Blomqvist C, Lissowska J, Peplonska B, Chanock S, Figueroa J, Brinton L, Hall P, Czene K, Humphreys K, Darabi H, Liu J, Van ‘t Veer LJ, van Leeuwen FE, Andrulis IL, Glendon G, Knight JA, Mulligan AM, O’Malley FP, Weerasooriya N, John EM, Beckmann MW, Hartmann A, Weihbrecht SB, Wachter DL, Jud SM, Loehberg CR, Baglietto L, English DR, Giles GG, McLean CA, Severi G, Lambrechts D, Vandorpe T, Weltens C, Paridaens R, Smeets A, Neven P, Wildiers H, Wang X, Olson JE, Cafourek V, Fredericksen Z, Kosel M, Vachon C, Cramp HE, Connley D, Cross SS, Balasubramanian SP, Reed MW, Dork T, Bremer M, Meyer A, Karstens JH, Ay A, Park-Simon TW, Hillemanns P, Arias Perez JI, Menendez Rodriguez P, Zamora P, Benitez J, Ko YD, Fischer HP, Hamann U, Pesch B, Bruning T, Justenhoven C, Brauch H, Eccles DM, Tapper WJ, Gerty SM, Sawyer EJ, Tomlinson IP, Jones A, Kerin M, Miller N, McInerney N, Anton-Culver H, Ziogas A, Shen CY, Hsiung CN, Wu PE, Yang SL, Yu JC, Chen ST, Hsu GC, Haiman CA, Henderson BE, Le Marchand L, Kolonel LN, Lindblom A, Margolin S, Jakubowska A, Lubinski J, Huzarski T, Byrski T, Gorski B, Gronwald J, Hooning MJ, Hollestelle A, van den Ouweland AM, Jager A, Kriege M, Tilanus-Linthorst MM, Collee M, Wang-Gohrke S, Pylkas K, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Mononen K, Grip M, Hirvikoski P, Winqvist R, Mannermaa A, Kosma VM, Kauppinen J, Kataja V, Auvinen P, Soini Y, Sironen R, Bojesen SE, Orsted DD, Kaur-Knudsen D, Flyger H, Nordestgaard BG, Holland H, Chenevix-Trench G, Manoukian S, Barile M, Radice P, Hankinson SE, Hunter DJ, Tamimi R, Sangrajrang S, Brennan P, McKay J, Odefrey F, Gaborieau V, Devilee P, Huijts PE, Tollenaar RA, Seynaeve C, Dite GS, Apicella C, Hopper JL, Hammet F, Tsimiklis H, Smith LD, Southey MC, Humphreys MK, Easton D, Pharoah P, Sherman ME, Garcia-Closas M (2011) Associations of breast cancer risk factors with tumor subtypes: a pooled analysis from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium studies. J Natl Cancer Inst 103(3):250–263. doi:10.​1093/​jnci/​djq526 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Asselin-Labat ML, Vaillant F, Sheridan JM, Pal B, Wu D, Simpson ER, Yasuda H, Smyth GK, Martin TJ, Lindeman GJ, Visvader JE (2010) Control of mammary stem cell function by steroid hormone signalling. Nature 465(7299):798–802. doi:10.1038/nature09027 CrossRefPubMed Asselin-Labat ML, Vaillant F, Sheridan JM, Pal B, Wu D, Simpson ER, Yasuda H, Smyth GK, Martin TJ, Lindeman GJ, Visvader JE (2010) Control of mammary stem cell function by steroid hormone signalling. Nature 465(7299):798–802. doi:10.​1038/​nature09027 CrossRefPubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Choudhury S, Almendro V, Merino VF, Wu Z, Maruyama R, Su Y, Martins FC, Fackler MJ, Bessarabova M, Kowalczyk A, Conway T, Beresford-Smith B, Macintyre G, Cheng YK, Lopez-Bujanda Z, Kaspi A, Hu R, Robens J, Nikolskaya T, Haakensen VD, Schnitt SJ, Argani P, Ethington G, Panos L, Grant M, Clark J, Herlihy W, Lin SJ, Chew G, Thompson EW, Greene-Colozzi A, Richardson AL, Rosson GD, Pike M, Garber JE, Nikolsky Y, Blum JL, Au A, Hwang ES, Tamimi RM, Michor F, Haviv I, Liu XS, Sukumar S, Polyak K (2013) Molecular profiling of human mammary gland links breast cancer risk to a p27(+) cell population with progenitor characteristics. Cell Stem Cell 13(1):117–130. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2013.05.004 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Choudhury S, Almendro V, Merino VF, Wu Z, Maruyama R, Su Y, Martins FC, Fackler MJ, Bessarabova M, Kowalczyk A, Conway T, Beresford-Smith B, Macintyre G, Cheng YK, Lopez-Bujanda Z, Kaspi A, Hu R, Robens J, Nikolskaya T, Haakensen VD, Schnitt SJ, Argani P, Ethington G, Panos L, Grant M, Clark J, Herlihy W, Lin SJ, Chew G, Thompson EW, Greene-Colozzi A, Richardson AL, Rosson GD, Pike M, Garber JE, Nikolsky Y, Blum JL, Au A, Hwang ES, Tamimi RM, Michor F, Haviv I, Liu XS, Sukumar S, Polyak K (2013) Molecular profiling of human mammary gland links breast cancer risk to a p27(+) cell population with progenitor characteristics. Cell Stem Cell 13(1):117–130. doi:10.​1016/​j.​stem.​2013.​05.​004 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Saint L, Smith M, Hartmann PE (1984) The yield and nutrient content of colostrum and milk of women from giving birth to 1 month post-partum. Br J Nutr 52(1):87–95CrossRefPubMed Saint L, Smith M, Hartmann PE (1984) The yield and nutrient content of colostrum and milk of women from giving birth to 1 month post-partum. Br J Nutr 52(1):87–95CrossRefPubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat O’Brien J, Hansen K, Barkan D, Green J, Schedin P, O’Brien J, Hansen K, Barkan D, Green J, Schedin P (2011) Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs target the pro-tumorigenic extracellular matrix of the postpartum mammary gland. Int J Dev Biol 55(7–9):745–755. doi:10.1387/ijdb.113379jo CrossRefPubMed O’Brien J, Hansen K, Barkan D, Green J, Schedin P, O’Brien J, Hansen K, Barkan D, Green J, Schedin P (2011) Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs target the pro-tumorigenic extracellular matrix of the postpartum mammary gland. Int J Dev Biol 55(7–9):745–755. doi:10.​1387/​ijdb.​113379jo CrossRefPubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Browne EP, Punska EC, Lenington S, Otis CN, Anderton DL, Arcaro KF (2011) Increased promoter methylation in exfoliated breast epithelial cells in women with a previous breast biopsy. Epigenetics 6(12):1425–1435. doi:10.4161/epi.6.12.18280 CrossRefPubMed Browne EP, Punska EC, Lenington S, Otis CN, Anderton DL, Arcaro KF (2011) Increased promoter methylation in exfoliated breast epithelial cells in women with a previous breast biopsy. Epigenetics 6(12):1425–1435. doi:10.​4161/​epi.​6.​12.​18280 CrossRefPubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Lemay DG, Hovey RC, Hartono SR, Hinde K, Smilowitz JT, Ventimiglia F, Schmidt KA, Lee JW, Islas-Trejo A, Silva PI, Korf I, Medrano JF, Barry PA, German JB (2013) Sequencing the transcriptome of milk production: milk trumps mammary tissue. BMC Genom 14:872. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-14-872 CrossRef Lemay DG, Hovey RC, Hartono SR, Hinde K, Smilowitz JT, Ventimiglia F, Schmidt KA, Lee JW, Islas-Trejo A, Silva PI, Korf I, Medrano JF, Barry PA, German JB (2013) Sequencing the transcriptome of milk production: milk trumps mammary tissue. BMC Genom 14:872. doi:10.​1186/​1471-2164-14-872 CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Zalles CM, Kimler BF, Simonsen M, Clark JL, Metheny T, Fabian CJ (2006) Comparison of cytomorphology in specimens obtained by random periareolar fine needle aspiration and ductal lavage from women at high risk for development of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 97(2):191–197. doi:10.1007/s10549-005-9111-x CrossRefPubMed Zalles CM, Kimler BF, Simonsen M, Clark JL, Metheny T, Fabian CJ (2006) Comparison of cytomorphology in specimens obtained by random periareolar fine needle aspiration and ductal lavage from women at high risk for development of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 97(2):191–197. doi:10.​1007/​s10549-005-9111-x CrossRefPubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Fabian CJ, Kimler BF, Zalles CM, Klemp JR, Kamel S, Zeiger S, Mayo MS (2000) Short-term breast cancer prediction by random periareolar fine-needle aspiration cytology and the Gail risk model. J Natl Cancer Inst 92(15):1217–1227CrossRefPubMed Fabian CJ, Kimler BF, Zalles CM, Klemp JR, Kamel S, Zeiger S, Mayo MS (2000) Short-term breast cancer prediction by random periareolar fine-needle aspiration cytology and the Gail risk model. J Natl Cancer Inst 92(15):1217–1227CrossRefPubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Arun B, Valero V, Logan C, Broglio K, Rivera E, Brewster A, Yin G, Green M, Kuerer H, Gong Y, Browne D, Hortobagyi GN, Sneige N (2007) Comparison of ductal lavage and random periareolar fine needle aspiration as tissue acquisition methods in early breast cancer prevention trials. Clin Cancer Res 13(16):4943–4948. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-2732 CrossRefPubMed Arun B, Valero V, Logan C, Broglio K, Rivera E, Brewster A, Yin G, Green M, Kuerer H, Gong Y, Browne D, Hortobagyi GN, Sneige N (2007) Comparison of ductal lavage and random periareolar fine needle aspiration as tissue acquisition methods in early breast cancer prevention trials. Clin Cancer Res 13(16):4943–4948. doi:10.​1158/​1078-0432.​ccr-06-2732 CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Patil DB, Lankes HA, Nayar R, Masood S, Bryk M, Hou N, Rademaker A, Khan SA (2008) Reproducibility of ductal lavage cytology and cellularity over a six month interval in high risk women. Breast Cancer Res Treat 112(2):327–333. doi:10.1007/s10549-007-9861-8 CrossRefPubMed Patil DB, Lankes HA, Nayar R, Masood S, Bryk M, Hou N, Rademaker A, Khan SA (2008) Reproducibility of ductal lavage cytology and cellularity over a six month interval in high risk women. Breast Cancer Res Treat 112(2):327–333. doi:10.​1007/​s10549-007-9861-8 CrossRefPubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Yang HP, Schneider SS, Chisholm CM, Browne EP, Mahmood S, Gierach GL, Lenington S, Anderton DL, Sherman ME, Arcaro KF (2015) Association of TGF-beta2 levels in breast milk with severity of breast biopsy diagnosis. Cancer Causes Control 26(3):345–354. doi:10.1007/s10552-014-0498-8 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Yang HP, Schneider SS, Chisholm CM, Browne EP, Mahmood S, Gierach GL, Lenington S, Anderton DL, Sherman ME, Arcaro KF (2015) Association of TGF-beta2 levels in breast milk with severity of breast biopsy diagnosis. Cancer Causes Control 26(3):345–354. doi:10.​1007/​s10552-014-0498-8 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
28.
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Reiner JL, Wong CM, Arcaro KF, Kannan K (2007) Synthetic musk fragrances in human milk from the United States. Environ Sci Technol 41(11):3815–3820CrossRefPubMed Reiner JL, Wong CM, Arcaro KF, Kannan K (2007) Synthetic musk fragrances in human milk from the United States. Environ Sci Technol 41(11):3815–3820CrossRefPubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Hawkes JS, Bryan DL, Gibson RA (2002) Cytokine production by human milk cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the same mothers. J Clin Immunol 22(6):338–344CrossRefPubMed Hawkes JS, Bryan DL, Gibson RA (2002) Cytokine production by human milk cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the same mothers. J Clin Immunol 22(6):338–344CrossRefPubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Hines EP, Rayner JL, Barbee R, Moreland RA, Valcour A, Schmid JE, Fenton SE (2007) Assays for endogenous components of human milk: comparison of fresh and frozen samples and corresponding analytes in serum. J Hum Lact 23(2):144–156. doi:10.1177/0890334407300334 CrossRefPubMed Hines EP, Rayner JL, Barbee R, Moreland RA, Valcour A, Schmid JE, Fenton SE (2007) Assays for endogenous components of human milk: comparison of fresh and frozen samples and corresponding analytes in serum. J Hum Lact 23(2):144–156. doi:10.​1177/​0890334407300334​ CrossRefPubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Ozarda Y, Gunes Y, Tuncer GO (2012) The concentration of adiponectin in breast milk is related to maternal hormonal and inflammatory status during 6 months of lactation. Clin Chem Lab Med 50(5):911–917. doi:10.1515/cclm-2011-0724 CrossRefPubMed Ozarda Y, Gunes Y, Tuncer GO (2012) The concentration of adiponectin in breast milk is related to maternal hormonal and inflammatory status during 6 months of lactation. Clin Chem Lab Med 50(5):911–917. doi:10.​1515/​cclm-2011-0724 CrossRefPubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang L, de Waard M, Verheijen H, Boeren S, Hageman JA, van Hooijdonk T, Vervoort J, van Goudoever JB, Hettinga K (2016) Changes over lactation in breast milk serum proteins involved in the maturation of immune and digestive system of the infant. J Proteom. doi:10.1016/j.jprot.2016.02.005 Zhang L, de Waard M, Verheijen H, Boeren S, Hageman JA, van Hooijdonk T, Vervoort J, van Goudoever JB, Hettinga K (2016) Changes over lactation in breast milk serum proteins involved in the maturation of immune and digestive system of the infant. J Proteom. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jprot.​2016.​02.​005
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Agarwal S, Karmaus W, Davis S, Gangur V (2011) Immune markers in breast milk and fetal and maternal body fluids: a systematic review of perinatal concentrations. J Hum Lact 27(2):171–186CrossRefPubMed Agarwal S, Karmaus W, Davis S, Gangur V (2011) Immune markers in breast milk and fetal and maternal body fluids: a systematic review of perinatal concentrations. J Hum Lact 27(2):171–186CrossRefPubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Browne EP, Dinc SE, Punska EC, Agus S, Vitrinel A, Erdag GC, Anderton DL, Arcaro KF, Yilmaz B (2014) Promoter methylation in epithelial-enriched and epithelial-depleted cell populations isolated from breast milk. J Hum Lact 30(4):450–457. doi:10.1177/0890334414548224 CrossRefPubMed Browne EP, Dinc SE, Punska EC, Agus S, Vitrinel A, Erdag GC, Anderton DL, Arcaro KF, Yilmaz B (2014) Promoter methylation in epithelial-enriched and epithelial-depleted cell populations isolated from breast milk. J Hum Lact 30(4):450–457. doi:10.​1177/​0890334414548224​ CrossRefPubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Morton J, Wong RJ, Hall JY, Pang WW, Lai CT, Lui J, Hartmann PE, Rhine WD (2012) Combining hand techniques with electric pumping increases the caloric content of milk in mothers of preterm infants. J Perinatol 32(10):791–796. doi:10.1038/jp.2011.195 CrossRefPubMed Morton J, Wong RJ, Hall JY, Pang WW, Lai CT, Lui J, Hartmann PE, Rhine WD (2012) Combining hand techniques with electric pumping increases the caloric content of milk in mothers of preterm infants. J Perinatol 32(10):791–796. doi:10.​1038/​jp.​2011.​195 CrossRefPubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Shabb NS, Boulos FI, Abdul-Karim FW (2013) Indeterminate and erroneous fine-needle aspirates of breast with focus on the ‘true gray zone’: a review. Acta Cytol 57(4):316–331. doi:10.1159/000351159 CrossRefPubMed Shabb NS, Boulos FI, Abdul-Karim FW (2013) Indeterminate and erroneous fine-needle aspirates of breast with focus on the ‘true gray zone’: a review. Acta Cytol 57(4):316–331. doi:10.​1159/​000351159 CrossRefPubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Macmahon B, Trichopoulos D, Ing R, Ho JHC, Petrakis N (1977) Unilateral suckling and breast cancer. Lancet 310(8039):655–657CrossRef Macmahon B, Trichopoulos D, Ing R, Ho JHC, Petrakis N (1977) Unilateral suckling and breast cancer. Lancet 310(8039):655–657CrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Lawrence RA (1999) Storage of human milk and the influence of procedures on immunological components of human milk. Acta Paediatr Supplement 88(430):14–18CrossRef Lawrence RA (1999) Storage of human milk and the influence of procedures on immunological components of human milk. Acta Paediatr Supplement 88(430):14–18CrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Kotsopoulos J, Lubinski J, Salmena L, Lynch HT, Kim-Sing C, Foulkes WD, Ghadirian P, Neuhausen SL, Demsky R, Tung N, Ainsworth P, Senter L, Eisen A, Eng C, Singer C, Ginsburg O, Blum J, Huzarski T, Poll A, Sun P, Narod SA (2012) Breastfeeding and the risk of breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Breast Cancer Res 14(2):R42. doi:10.1186/bcr3138 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Kotsopoulos J, Lubinski J, Salmena L, Lynch HT, Kim-Sing C, Foulkes WD, Ghadirian P, Neuhausen SL, Demsky R, Tung N, Ainsworth P, Senter L, Eisen A, Eng C, Singer C, Ginsburg O, Blum J, Huzarski T, Poll A, Sun P, Narod SA (2012) Breastfeeding and the risk of breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Breast Cancer Res 14(2):R42. doi:10.​1186/​bcr3138 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Kamran SC, Berrington de Gonzalez A, Ng A, Haas-Kogan D, Viswanathan AN (2016) Therapeutic radiation and the potential risk of second malignancies. Cancer. doi:10.1002/cncr.29841 PubMed Kamran SC, Berrington de Gonzalez A, Ng A, Haas-Kogan D, Viswanathan AN (2016) Therapeutic radiation and the potential risk of second malignancies. Cancer. doi:10.​1002/​cncr.​29841 PubMed
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Lyons TR, O’Brien J, Borges VF, Conklin MW, Keely PJ, Eliceiri KW, Marusyk A, Tan AC, Schedin P (2011) Postpartum mammary gland involution drives progression of ductal carcinoma in situ through collagen and COX-2. Nat Med 17(9):1109–1115. doi:10.1038/nm.2416 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Lyons TR, O’Brien J, Borges VF, Conklin MW, Keely PJ, Eliceiri KW, Marusyk A, Tan AC, Schedin P (2011) Postpartum mammary gland involution drives progression of ductal carcinoma in situ through collagen and COX-2. Nat Med 17(9):1109–1115. doi:10.​1038/​nm.​2416 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Konishi Y, Kakimoto K, Nagayoshi H, Nakano T (2016) Trends in the enantiomeric composition of polychlorinated biphenyl atropisomers in human breast milk. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 23(3):2027–2032. doi:10.1007/s11356-015-4620-6 CrossRefPubMed Konishi Y, Kakimoto K, Nagayoshi H, Nakano T (2016) Trends in the enantiomeric composition of polychlorinated biphenyl atropisomers in human breast milk. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 23(3):2027–2032. doi:10.​1007/​s11356-015-4620-6 CrossRefPubMed
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Sherman ME, Figueroa JD, Henry JE, Clare SE, Rufenbarger C, Storniolo AM (2012) The Susan G. Komen for the Cure Tissue Bank at the IU Simon Cancer Center: a unique resource for defining the “molecular histology” of the breast. Cancer Prev Res 5(4):528–535. doi:10.1158/1940-6207.capr-11-0234 CrossRef Sherman ME, Figueroa JD, Henry JE, Clare SE, Rufenbarger C, Storniolo AM (2012) The Susan G. Komen for the Cure Tissue Bank at the IU Simon Cancer Center: a unique resource for defining the “molecular histology” of the breast. Cancer Prev Res 5(4):528–535. doi:10.​1158/​1940-6207.​capr-11-0234 CrossRef
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Kirmeyer SE, Hamilton BE (2011) Transitions between childlessness and first birth: three generations of U.S. women. Vital and health statistics series 2. Data Eval Methods Res 153:1–18 Kirmeyer SE, Hamilton BE (2011) Transitions between childlessness and first birth: three generations of U.S. women. Vital and health statistics series 2. Data Eval Methods Res 153:1–18
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Victora CG, Bahl R, Barros AJ, Franca GV, Horton S, Krasevec J, Murch S, Sankar MJ, Walker N, Rollins NC (2016) Breastfeeding in the 21st century: epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect. Lancet 387(10017):475–490. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)01024-7 CrossRefPubMed Victora CG, Bahl R, Barros AJ, Franca GV, Horton S, Krasevec J, Murch S, Sankar MJ, Walker N, Rollins NC (2016) Breastfeeding in the 21st century: epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect. Lancet 387(10017):475–490. doi:10.​1016/​s0140-6736(15)01024-7 CrossRefPubMed
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Islami F, Liu Y, Jemal A, Zhou J, Weiderpass E, Colditz G, Boffetta P, Weiss M (2015) Breastfeeding and breast cancer risk by receptor status–a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Oncol 26(12):2398–2407. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdv379 PubMed Islami F, Liu Y, Jemal A, Zhou J, Weiderpass E, Colditz G, Boffetta P, Weiss M (2015) Breastfeeding and breast cancer risk by receptor status–a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Oncol 26(12):2398–2407. doi:10.​1093/​annonc/​mdv379 PubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Potential of breastmilk analysis to inform early events in breast carcinogenesis: rationale and considerations
verfasst von
Jeanne Murphy
Mark E. Sherman
Eva P. Browne
Ana I. Caballero
Elizabeth C. Punska
Ruth M. Pfeiffer
Hannah P. Yang
Maxwell Lee
Howard Yang
Gretchen L. Gierach
Kathleen F. Arcaro
Publikationsdatum
23.04.2016
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment / Ausgabe 1/2016
Print ISSN: 0167-6806
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-7217
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-016-3796-x

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2016

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 1/2016 Zur Ausgabe

Update Onkologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.