Introduction
Materials and methods
Study population and data collection
Data analysis
Results
Vitamin B12 (pmol/L) | p values | Folate (nmol/L) | p values | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
< 150 | 150–650 | > 650 | < 5 | 5–32 | > 32 | |||
(n = 279) | (n = 7962) | (n = 542) | (n = 65) | (n = 8030) | (n = 688) | |||
Age [mean (SD)] | 65 (15.1) | 60 (14.8) | 64 (15.7) | < 0.01 | 68 (15.6) | 60 (14.9) | 64 (15.1) | < 0.01 |
Education [N (%)] | 0.04 | < 0.01 | ||||||
Low | 89 (31.9) | 2,216 (27.8) | 152 (28.0) | 30 (46.2) | 2,279 (28.4) | 148 (21.5) | ||
Intermediate | 88 (31.5) | 2,974 (37.4) | 198 (36.5) | 14 (21.5) | 3,016 (37.6) | 230 (33.4) | ||
High | 58 (20.8) | 2,163 (27.2) | 120 (22.1) | 14 (21.5) | 2,108 (26.3) | 219 (31.8) | ||
Missing | 44 (15.8) | 609 (7.7) | 72 (13.3) | 7 (10.8) | 627 (7.8) | 91 (13.2) | ||
SES [N (%)] | 0.85 | < 0.01 | ||||||
Low | 74 (26.5) | 2,436 (30.6) | 151 (27.9) | 28 (43.1) | 2,474 (30.8) | 159 (23.1) | ||
High | 122 (43.7) | 4,187 (52.6) | 246 (45.4) | 21 (32.3) | 4,153 (51.7) | 381 (55.4) | ||
Missing | 83 (29.8) | 1,339 (16.8) | 145 (26.8) | 16 (24.6) | 1,403 (17.5) | 148 (21.5) | ||
BMI [N (%)] | 0.08 | 0.64 | ||||||
< 25/ ≥ 25 | 17 (6.1)/11 (3.9) | 356 (4.5)/388 (4.9) | 19 (3.5)/10 (1.9) | 2 (3.1)/2 (3.1) | 366 (4.6)/375 (4.7) | 24 (3.5)/32 (4.7) | ||
Missing | 251 (90.0) | 7,218 (90.7) | 513 (94.7) | 61 (93.9) | 7,289 (90.8) | 632 (91.9) | ||
CCI [N (%)] | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | ||||||
0 | 206 (73.8) | 6,205 (77.9) | 348 (64.2) | 38 (58.5) | 6,204 (77.3) | 517 (75.2) | ||
1 | 41 (14.7) | 868 (10.9) | 80 (14.8) | 7 (10.8) | 905 (11.3) | 77 (11.2) | ||
2 | 18 (6.5) | 508 (6.4) | 59 (10.9) | 14 (21.5) | 519 (6.5) | 52 (7.6) | ||
≥ 3 | 14 (5.0) | 381 (4.8) | 55 (10.2) | 6 (9.2) | 402 (5.0) | 42 (6.1) | ||
Glucosea | ||||||||
Median (IQR) | 5.2 (4.7–5.7) | 5.2 (4.8–5.8) | 5.3 (4.8–6.2) | 0.01 | 5.1 (4.7–5.7) | 5.2 (4.8–5.8) | 5.2 (4.8–5.9) | 0.39 |
Total cholesterolb | ||||||||
Median (IQR) | 5.2 (4.7–5.8) | 5.7 (5.0–6.4) | 5.5 (4.8–6.3) | < 0.01 | 5.2 (4.5–6.6) | 5.7 (5.0–6.4) | 5.6 (4.9–6.4) | 0.17 |
Triglyceridesc | ||||||||
Median (IQR) | 1.3 (1.0–1.9) | 1.3 (0.9–2.0) | 1.2 (0.9–1.8) | 0.38 | 1.1 (0.9–1.8) | 1.3 (0.9–2.0) | 1.2 (0.9–1.9) | 0.56 |
GGTd | ||||||||
Median (IQR) | 0.4 (0.3–0.7) | 0.5 (0.3–0.8) | 0.6 (0.3–1.4) | < 0.01 | 0.4 (0.3–0.6) | 0.5 (0.3–0.8) | 0.5 (0.3–0.8) | 0.17 |
Irone | ||||||||
Median (IQR) | 17 (13–21) | 18 (15–22) | 18 (14–22) | 0.03 | 14.0 (12–17) | 18 (15–22) | 18 (15–22) | 0.01 |
Calciumf | ||||||||
Median (IQR) | 2.34 (2.27–2.42) | 2.38 (2.31–2.44) | 2.38 (2.31–2.46) | 0.01 | 2.31 (2.24–2.39) | 2.38 (2.31–2.44) | 2.37 (2.30–2.43) | 0.01 |
Fasting status [N (%)] | 0.01 | < 0.01 | ||||||
Fasting | 89 (31.9) | 2,700 (33.9) | 193 (35.6) | 6 (9.2) | 2,675 (33.3) | 301 (43.8) | ||
Nonfasting | 45 (16.1) | 2,386 (30.0) | 129 (23.8) | 11 (16.9) | 2,377 (29.6) | 172 (25.0) | ||
Missing | 145 (52.0) | 2,876 (36.1) | 220 (40.6) | 48 (73.9) | 2,978 (37.1) | 215 (31.3) |
Vitamin B12 (pmol/L) | Folate (nmol/L) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
< 150 (n = 17) | 150–650 (n = 648) | > 650 (n = 38) | < 5 (n = 6) | 5–32 (n = 646) | > 32 (n = 51) | |
PSA (μg/L) median (IQR) | 6.5 (4.7–11.0) | 11.0 (6.0–23.0) | 16.0 (6.9–30.0) | 13.0 (8.3–35.0) | 11.0 (6.1–23.0) | 9.7 (4.7–18.0) |
N (%) | ||||||
< 4 | 1 (5.9) | 42 (6.5) | 1 (2.6) | 0 (0.0) | 38 (5.9) | 6 (11.8) |
4.0–9.9 | 7 (41.2) | 170 (26.2) | 8 (21.1) | 1 (16.7) | 174 (26.9) | 10 (19.6) |
10.0–20.0 | 2 (11.8) | 115 (17.8) | 6 (15.8) | 2 (33.3) | 112 (17.3) | 9 (17.7) |
> 20.0 | 2 (11.8) | 127 (19.6) | 10 (26.3) | 1 (16.7) | 131 (20.3) | 7 (13.7) |
Missing | 5 (29.4) | 194 (29.9) | 13 (34.2) | 2 (33.3) | 191 (29.6) | 19 (37.3) |
Gleason scores/WHO grades [N (%)] | ||||||
Gleason score ≤ 6 or WHO grade 1 | 7 (41.2) | 210 (32.4) | 12 (31.6) | 2 (33.3) | 206 (31.9) | 21 (41.2) |
Gleason score 7 or WHO grade 2 | 4 (23.5) | 176 (27.2) | 7 (18.4) | 1 (16.7) | 176 (27.2) | 10 (19.6) |
Gleason score ≥ 8 or WHO grade 3 | 1 (5.9) | 71 (11.0) | 7 (18.4) | 0 (0.0) | 76 (11.8) | 3 (5.9) |
Missing | 5 (29.4) | 191 (29.5) | 12 (31.6) | 3 (50.0) | 188 (29.1) | 17 (33.3) |
T-stages [N (%)] | ||||||
T1 | 7 (41.2) | 194 (29.9) | 8 (21.1) | 2 (33.3) | 190 (29.4) | 17 (33.3) |
T2 | 4 (23.5) | 148 (22.8) | 10 (26.3) | 0 (0.0) | 153 (23.7) | 9 (17.7) |
T3 | 2 (11.8) | 93 (14.4) | 8 (21.1) | 2 (33.3) | 93 (14.4) | 8 (15.7) |
T4 | 0 (0.0) | 15 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 15 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) |
Missing | 4 (23.5) | 198 (30.6) | 12 (31.6) | 2 (33.3) | 195 (30.2) | 17 (33.3) |
N-stages [N (%)] | ||||||
N0 | 1 (5.9) | 35 (5.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 36 (5.6) | 0 (0.0) |
N1 | 0 (0.0) | 11 (1.7) | 1 (2.6) | 0 (0.0) | 10 (1.6) | 2 (3.9) |
Missing | 16 (94.1) | 602 (92.9) | 37 (97.4) | 6 (100.0) | 600 (92.9) | 49 (96.1) |
M-stages [N (%)] | ||||||
M0 | 2 (11.8) | 138 (21.3) | 4 (10.5) | 1 (16.7) | 136 (21.1) | 7 (13.7) |
M1 | 0 (0.0) | 27 (4.2) | 3 (7.9) | 1 (16.7) | 26 (4.0) | 3 (5.9) |
Missing | 15 (88.2) | 483 (74.5) | 31 (81.6) | 4 (66.7) | 484 (74.9) | 41 (80.4) |
Risk categoriesa [N (%)] | ||||||
Low risk | 4 (23.5) | 111 (17.1) | 6 (15.8) | 1 (16.7) | 108 (16.7) | 12 (23.5) |
Intermediate risk | 4 (23.5) | 125 (19.3) | 5 (13.2) | 1 (16.7) | 126 (19.5) | 7 (13.7) |
High risk | 2 (11.8) | 136 (21.0) | 8 (21.1) | 0 (0.0) | 140 (21.7) | 6 (11.8) |
Regional/distant metastatic | 2 (11.8) | 75 (11.6) | 6 (15.8) | 2 (33.3) | 74 (11.5) | 7 (13.7) |
Missing | 5 (29.4) | 201 (31.0) | 13 (34.2) | 2 (33.3) | 198 (30.7) | 19 (37.3) |
Total population N = 8783 | Vitamin B12 (pmol/L) | p for trend | Folate (nmol/L) | p for trend | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
< 150 | 150–650 | > 650 | < 5 | 5–32 | > 32 | |||
(n = 279) | (n = 7962) | (n = 542) | (n = 65) | (n = 8030) | (n = 688) | |||
PCa | ||||||||
N = 703 | 17 | 648 | 38 | 6 | 646 | 51 | ||
Crude HR (95% CI) | 0.85 (0.52–1.37) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.09 (0.79–1.52) | 0.77 | 1.77 (0.79–3.95) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.01 (0.76–1.34) | 0.40 |
Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 0.72 (0.45–1.17) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.91 (0.66–1.26) | 0.60 | 1.42 (0.63–3.16) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.82 (0.62–1.09) | 0.13 |
Multivariate adjusted HR (95% CI) | 0.92 (0.43–1.95) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.99 (0.61–1.62) | 0.87 | NA | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.73 (0.48–1.10) | 0.07 |
Risk categories | ||||||||
Low risk | ||||||||
N = 121 | 4 | 111 | 6 | 1 | 108 | 12 | ||
Crude HR (95% CI) | 1.23 (0.45–3.34) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.06 (0.47–2.42) | 0.76 | 1.94 (0.27–13.93) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.47 (0.81–2.66) | 0.64 |
Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.18 (0.43–3.20) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.02 (0.45–2.33) | 0.77 | 1.87 (0.26–13.43) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.38 (0.76–2.50) | 0.74 |
Multivariate adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.07 (0.26–4.38) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.85 (0.27–2.69) | 0.75 | NA | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.39 (0.68–2.78) | 0.99 |
Intermediate risk | ||||||||
N = 135 | 4 | 126 | 5 | 1 | 127 | 7 | ||
Crude HR (95% CI) | 1.06 (0.39–2.88) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.80 (0.33–1.94) | 0.80 | 1.74 (0.24–12.45) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.72 (0.34–1.55) | 0.68 |
Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 0.97 (0.36–2.64) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.73 (0.30–1.77) | 0.81 | 1.58 (0.22–11.33) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.63 (0.29–1.35) | 0.91 |
Multivariate adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.41 (0.34–5.80) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.50 (0.60–3.72) | 0.15 | NA | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.52 (0.19–1.42) | 0.98 |
High risk | ||||||||
N = 147 | 2 | 137 | 8 | 0 | 141 | 6 | ||
Crude HR (95% CI) | 0.47 (0.12–1.91) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.13 (0.55–2.30) | 0.47 | NA | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.55 (0.24–1.24) | 0.01 |
Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 0.40 (0.10–1.61) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.92 (0.45–1.88) | 0.59 | NA | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.43 (0.19–0.98) | 0.01 |
Multivariate adjusted HR (95% CI) | NA | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.24 (0.03–1.72) | 0.78 | NA | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.12 (0.02–0.90) | 0.01 |
Regional/distant metastatic | ||||||||
N = 85 | 2 | 77 | 6 | 2 | 76 | 7 | ||
Crude HR (95% CI) | 0.84 (0.21–3.40) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.47 (0.64–3.37) | 0.98 | 5.25 (1.29–21.41) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.18 (0.54–2.55) | 0.28 |
Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 0.68 (0.17–2.75) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.12 (0.49–2.59) | 0.87 | 4.12 (1.01–16.82) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.90 (0.41–1.95) | 0.19 |
Multivariate adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.55 (0.21–11.61) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.66 (0.09–4.92) | 0.12 | NA | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.09 (0.33–3.60) | 0.23 |
Vitamin B12 (pmol/L) | p values | Folate (nmol/L) | p values | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
< 150 | 150–650 | > 650 | < 5 | 5–32 | > 32 | |||
(n = 549) | (n = 17,731) | (n = 1,495) | (n = 116) | (n = 17,389) | (n = 2,270) | |||
Age [mean (SD)] | 58 (20.2) | 55 (18.1) | 63 (17.3) | < 0.01 | 61 (20.1) | 55 (18.3) | 61 (17.2) | < 0.01 |
Education [N (%)] | < 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||||
Low | 173 (31.5) | 5,095 (28.7) | 493 (33.0) | 36 (31.0) | 5,091 (29.3) | 634 (27.9) | ||
Intermediate | 189 (34.4) | 7,038 (39.7) | 487 (32.6) | 50 (43.1) | 6,855 (39.4) | 809 (35.6) | ||
High | 104 (18.9) | 4,244 (23.9) | 318 (21.3) | 13 (11.2) | 4,070 (23.4) | 583 (25.7) | ||
Missing | 83 (15.1) | 1,354 (7.6) | 197 (13.2) | 17 (14.7) | 1,373 (7.9) | 244 (10.8) | ||
SES [N (%)] | 0.01 | < 0.01 | ||||||
Low | 206 (37.5) | 7,780 (43.9) | 494 (33.0) | 53 (45.7) | 7,613 (43.8) | 814 (35.9) | ||
High | 121 (22.0) | 5,266 (29.7) | 406 (27.2) | 17 (14.7) | 5,068 (29.1) | 708 (31.2) | ||
Missing | 222 (40.4) | 4,685 (26.4) | 595 (39.8) | 46 (39.7) | 4,708 (27.1) | 748 (33.0) | ||
BMI [N (%)] | 0.89 | 0.24 | ||||||
< 25/≥ 25 | 27 (4.9)/12 (2.2) | 1,064 (6.0)/518 (2.9) | 72 (4.8)/38 (2.5) | 9 (7.8)/1 (0.9) | 1,023 (5.9)/509 (2.9) | 131 (5.8)/58 (2.6) | ||
Missing | 510 (92.9) | 16,149 (91.1) | 1,385 (92.6) | 106 (91.4) | 15,857 (91.2) | 2,081 (91.7) | ||
CCI [N (%)] | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | ||||||
0 | 449 (81.8) | 14,965 (84.4) | 1,107 (74.1) | 81 (69.8) | 14,586 (83.9) | 1,854 (81.7) | ||
1 | 50 (9.1) | 1,348 (7.6) | 192 (12.8) | 14 (12.1) | 1,392 (8.0) | 184 (8.1) | ||
2 | 31 (5.7) | 970 (5.5) | 99 (6.6) | 11 (9.5) | 922 (5.3) | 167 (7.4) | ||
≥ 3 | 19 (3.5) | 448 (2.5) | 97 (6.5) | 10 (8.6) | 489 (2.8) | 65 (2.9) | ||
Glucosea | ||||||||
Median (IQR) | 4.8 (4.4–5.2) | 4.9 (4.5–5.4) | 4.9 (4.6–5.5) | < 0.01 | 5.0 (4.7–5.4) | 4.9 (4.5–5.4) | 4.9 (4.5–5.4) | 0.11 |
Total cholesterolb | ||||||||
Median (IQR) | 5.5 (4.7–6.5) | 5.7 (4.9–6.6) | 5.9 (5.1–6.7) | 0.01 | 5.5 (5.0–6.1) | 5.7 (4.9–6.6) | 5.9 (5.1–6.7) | 0.01 |
Triglyceridesc | ||||||||
Median (IQR) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 0.38 | 1.3 (1.0–2.0) | 1.1 (0.7–1.5) | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) | 0.11 |
GGTd | ||||||||
Median (IQR) | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) | 0.3 (0.2–0.5) | 0.3 (0.2–0.6) | < 0.01 | 0.3 (0.2–0.7) | 0.3 (0.2–0.5) | 0.3 (0.2–0.5) | 0.85 |
Irone | ||||||||
Median (IQR) | 15 (12–20) | 17 (13–21) | 17 (13–20) | 0.01 | 15 (10–19) | 17 (13–21) | 17 (14–21) | < 0.01 |
Calciumf | ||||||||
Median (IQR) | 2.34 (2.23–2.42) | 2.37 (2.31–2.44) | 2.39 (2.32–2.45) | < 0.01 | 2.32 (2.23–2.39) | 2.37 (2.30–2.44) | 2.38 (2.32–2.44) | < 0.01 |
Fasting status [N (%)] | 0.11 | 0.01 | ||||||
Fasting | 183 (33.3) | 5,633 (31.8) | 472 (31.6) | 20 (17.2) | 5,395 (31.0) | 873 (38.5) | ||
Non-fasting | 126 (23.0) | 4,947 (27.9) | 403 (27.0) | 24 (20.7) | 4,818 (27.7) | 634 (27.9) | ||
Missing | 240 (43.7) | 7,150 (40.3) | 620 (41.5) | 72 (62.1) | 7,175 (41.3) | 763 (33.6) |
Vitamin B12 (pmol/L) | Folate (nmol/L) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
< 150 (n = 12) | 150–650 (n = 725) | > 650 (n = 58) | < 5 (n = 3) | 5–32 (n = 687) | > 32 (n = 105) | |
Parity [N (%)] | ||||||
Yes/no | 9 (75.0)/3 (25.0) | 546 (75.3)/179 (24.7) | 45 (77.6)/13 (22.4) | 1 (33.3)/2 (66.7) | 524 (76.3)/163 (23.7) | 75 (71.4)/30 (28.6) |
Tumour side [N (%)] | ||||||
Right/left | 5 (41.7)/5 (41.7) | 294 (40.6)/338 (46.6) | 33 (56.9)/18 (31.0) | 2 (66.7)/1 (33.3) | 281 (40.9)/317 (46.1) | 49 (46.7)/43 (41.0) |
Missing | 2 (16.7) | 93 (12.8) | 7 (12.1) | 0 (0.0) | 89 (13.0) | 13 (12.4) |
Invasive grades [N (%)] | ||||||
Grade 1 | 0 (0.0) | 41 (5.7) | 7 (12.1) | 0 (0.0) | 42 (6.1) | 6 (5.7) |
Grade 2 | 3 (25.0) | 147 (20.3) | 11 (19.0) | 1 (33.3) | 140 (20.4) | 20 (19.1) |
Grade 3 | 2 (16.7) | 71 (9.8) | 2 (3.5) | 0 (0.0) | 67 (9.8) | 8 (7.6) |
Missing | 7 (58.3) | 466 (64.3) | 38 (65.5) | 2 (66.7) | 438 (63.8) | 71 (67.6) |
T-stages [N (%)] | ||||||
T1 | 6 (50.0) | 425 (58.6) | 28 (48.3) | 2 (66.7) | 397 (57.8) | 60 (57.1) |
T2 | 4 (33.3) | 204 (28.1) | 20 (34.5) | 1 (33.3) | 195 (28.4) | 32 (30.5) |
T3 | 0 (0.0) | 14 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 12 (1.8) | 2 (1.9) |
T4 | 0 (0.0) | 13 (1.8) | 3 (5.2) | 0 (0.0) | 15 (2.2) | 1 (1.00) |
Tx | 2 (16.7) | 69 (9.5) | 7 (12.1) | 0 (0.0) | 68 (9.9) | 10 (9.5) |
N-stages [N (%)] | ||||||
N0 | 9 (75.0) | 562 (77.5) | 44 (75.9) | 2 (66.7) | 536 (78.0) | 77 (73.3) |
N1 | 1 (8.3) | 84 (11.6) | 6 (10.3) | 1 (33.3) | 76 (11.1) | 14 (13.3) |
N2 | 0 (0.0) | 5 (0.7) | 1 (1.7) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (0.7) | 1 (1.0) |
N3 | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) |
Nx | 2 (16.7) | 71 (9.8) | 7 (12.1) | 0 (0.0) | 67 (9.8) | 13 (12.4) |
M-stages [N (%)] | ||||||
M0 | 9 (75.0) | 625 (86.2) | 49 (84.5) | 3 (100.0) | 589 (85.7) | 91 (86.7) |
M1 | 0 (0.0) | 9 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) |
Mx | 3 (25.0) | 91 (12.6) | 9 (15.5) | 0 (0.0) | 89 (13.0) | 14 (13.3) |
ER-status [N (%)] | ||||||
Positive/negative | 8 (66.7)/1 (8.3) | 430 (59.3)/76 (10.5) | 33 (56.9)/6 (10.3) | 2 (66.7)/1 (33.3) | 414 (60.3)/69 (10.0) | 55 (52.4)/13 (12.4) |
Missing | 3 (25.0) | 219 (30.2) | 19 (32.8) | 0 (0.0) | 204 (29.7) | 37 (35.2) |
HER2-status [N (%)] | ||||||
Positive/negative | 0 (0.0)/3 (25.0) | 14 (1.9)/126 (17.4) | 0 (0.0)/8 (13.8) | 0 (0.0)/0 (0.0) | 11 (1.6)/123 (17.9) | 3 (2.9)/14 (13.3) |
Missing | 9 (75.0) | 584 (80.7) | 50 (86.2) | 3 (100.0) | 552 (80.5) | 88 (83.8) |
Total population N = 19,775 | Vitamin B12 (pmol/L) | p for trend | Folate (nmol/L) | p for trend | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
< 150 | 150–650 | > 650 | < 5 | 5–32 | > 32 | |||
(n = 549) | (n = 17,731) | (n = 1,495) | (n = 116) | (n = 17,389) | (n = 2,270) | |||
BC | ||||||||
N =795 | 12 | 725 | 58 | 3 | 687 | 105 | ||
Crude HR (95% CI) | 0.56 (0.32–1.00) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.13 (0.86–1.47) | 0.45 | 0.91 (0.29–2.81) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.23 (1.00–1.50) | 0.03 |
Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 0.55 (0.31–0.97) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.98 (0.75–1.28) | 0.77 | 0.90 (0.29–2.80) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.09 (0.88–1.33) | 0.26 |
Multivariate adjusted HR (95% CI) | 0.65 (0.29–1.46) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.81 (0.53–1.24) | 0.14 | 1.98 (0.49–7.94) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.12 (0.85–1.48) | 0.62 |
Severity groupsa | ||||||||
Good | ||||||||
N = 412 | 6 | 381 | 25 | 2 | 359 | 51 | ||
Crude HR (95% CI) | 0.54 (0.24–1.21) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.92 (0.61–1.38) | 0.69 | 1.14 (0.29–4.59) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.14 (0.85–1.53) | 0.17 |
Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 0.53 (0.24–1.19) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.84 (0.56–1.26) | 0.93 | 1.14 (0.28–4.57) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.06 (0.79–1.42) | 0.39 |
Multivariate adjusted HR (95% CI) | 0.38 (0.09–1.52) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.70 (0.39–1.26) | 0.20 | 3.26 (0.81–13.17) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.03 (0.70–1.51) | 0.60 |
Moderate | ||||||||
N = 148 | 1 | 137 | 10 | 1 | 128 | 19 | ||
Crude HR (95% CI) | 0.24 (0.03–1.75) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.06 (0.56–2.02) | 0.85 | 1.75 (0.24–12.51) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.19 (0.74–1.93) | 0.46 |
Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 0.24 (0.03–1.70) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.89 (0.47–1.69) | 0.72 | 1.76 (0.25–12.59) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.02 (0.63–1.65) | 0.93 |
Multivariate adjusted HR (95% CI) | 0.51 (0.07–3.65) | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.86 (0.34–2.12) | 0.77 | NA | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.96 (0.51–1.82) | 0.42 |
Severe | ||||||||
N = 70 | 1 | 61 | 8 | 0 | 62 | 8 | ||
Crude HR (95% CI) | 0.56 (0.08–4.04) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.82 (0.87–3.80) | 0.44 | NA | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.04 (0.50–2.16) | 0.61 |
Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 0.55 (0.08–4.00) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.71 (0.82–3.60) | 0.54 | NA | 1.00 (Ref) | 0.98 (0.47–2.05) | 0.52 |
Multivariate adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.27 (0.17–9.35) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.04 (0.25–4.40) | 0.52 | NA | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.08 (0.38–3.09) | 0.61 |