Skip to main content
Erschienen in: The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging 8/2019

27.04.2019 | Original Paper

Update on MR imaging of the pulmonary vasculature

verfasst von: Muhammad Aziz, Mayil Krishnam, Ananth J. Madhuranthakam, Prabhakar Rajiah

Erschienen in: The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging | Ausgabe 8/2019

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an increasingly important role in the non-invasive evaluation of the pulmonary vasculature. MR angiographic (MRA) techniques provide morphological information, while MR perfusion techniques provide functional information of the pulmonary vasculature. Contrast-enhanced MRA can be performed at high spatial resolution using 3D T1-weighted spoiled gradient echo sequence or at high temporal resolution using time-resolved techniques. Non-contrast MRA can be performed using 3D steady state free precession, double inversion fast spin echo, time of flight or phase contrast sequences. MR perfusion can be done using dynamic contrast-enhanced technique or using non-contrast techniques such as arterial spin labelling and time-resolved imaging of lungs during free breathing with Fourier decomposition analysis. MRI is used in the evaluation of acute and chronic pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension and other vascular abnormalities, congenital anomalies and neoplasms. In this article, we review the different MR techniques used in the evaluation of pulmonary vasculature and its clinical applications.
Literatur
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Russo RJ, Costa HS, Silva PD, Anderson JL, Arshad A, Biederman RW, Boyle NG, Frabizzio JV, Birgersdotter-Green U, Higgins SL, Lampert R, Machado CE, Martin ET, Rivard AL, Rubenstein JC, Schaerf RH, Schwartz JD, Shah DJ, Tomassoni GF, Tominaga GT, Tonkin AE, Uretsky S, Wolff SD (2017) Assessing the risks associated with mri in patients with a pacemaker or defibrillator. N Engl J Med 376(8):755–764. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1603265 CrossRefPubMed Russo RJ, Costa HS, Silva PD, Anderson JL, Arshad A, Biederman RW, Boyle NG, Frabizzio JV, Birgersdotter-Green U, Higgins SL, Lampert R, Machado CE, Martin ET, Rivard AL, Rubenstein JC, Schaerf RH, Schwartz JD, Shah DJ, Tomassoni GF, Tominaga GT, Tonkin AE, Uretsky S, Wolff SD (2017) Assessing the risks associated with mri in patients with a pacemaker or defibrillator. N Engl J Med 376(8):755–764. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1056/​NEJMoa1603265 CrossRefPubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Korosec FR, Frayne R, Grist TM, Mistretta CA (1996) Time-resolved contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiography. Magn Reson Med 36(3):345–351CrossRefPubMed Korosec FR, Frayne R, Grist TM, Mistretta CA (1996) Time-resolved contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiography. Magn Reson Med 36(3):345–351CrossRefPubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Vigen KK, Peters DC, Grist TM, Block WF, Mistretta CA (2000) Undersampled projection-reconstruction imaging for time-resolved contrast-enhanced imaging. Magn Reson Med 43(2):170–176CrossRefPubMed Vigen KK, Peters DC, Grist TM, Block WF, Mistretta CA (2000) Undersampled projection-reconstruction imaging for time-resolved contrast-enhanced imaging. Magn Reson Med 43(2):170–176CrossRefPubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Du YP, Parker DL, Davis WL, Cao G (1994) Reduction of partial-volume artifacts with zero-filled interpolation in three-dimensional MR angiography. J Magn Reson Imaging 4(5):733–741CrossRefPubMed Du YP, Parker DL, Davis WL, Cao G (1994) Reduction of partial-volume artifacts with zero-filled interpolation in three-dimensional MR angiography. J Magn Reson Imaging 4(5):733–741CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Mai VM, Berr SS (1999) MR perfusion imaging of pulmonary parenchyma using pulsed arterial spin labeling techniques: FAIRER and FAIR. J Magn Reson Imaging 9(3):483–487CrossRefPubMed Mai VM, Berr SS (1999) MR perfusion imaging of pulmonary parenchyma using pulsed arterial spin labeling techniques: FAIRER and FAIR. J Magn Reson Imaging 9(3):483–487CrossRefPubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Messroghli DR, Moon JC, Ferreira VM, Grosse-Wortmann L, He T, Kellman P, Mascherbauer J, Nezafat R, Salerno M, Schelbert EB, Taylor AJ, Thompson R, Ugander M, van Heeswijk RB, Friedrich MG (2017) Clinical recommendations for cardiovascular magnetic resonance mapping of T1, T2, T2* and extracellular volume: a consensus statement by the society for cardiovascular magnetic resonance (SCMR) endorsed by the European association for cardiovascular imaging (EACVI). J Cardiovasc Magn Reson Off J Soc Cardiovasc Magn Reson 19(1):75. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12968-017-0389-8 CrossRef Messroghli DR, Moon JC, Ferreira VM, Grosse-Wortmann L, He T, Kellman P, Mascherbauer J, Nezafat R, Salerno M, Schelbert EB, Taylor AJ, Thompson R, Ugander M, van Heeswijk RB, Friedrich MG (2017) Clinical recommendations for cardiovascular magnetic resonance mapping of T1, T2, T2* and extracellular volume: a consensus statement by the society for cardiovascular magnetic resonance (SCMR) endorsed by the European association for cardiovascular imaging (EACVI). J Cardiovasc Magn Reson Off J Soc Cardiovasc Magn Reson 19(1):75. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1186/​s12968-017-0389-8 CrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Stein PD, Fowler SE, Goodman LR, Gottschalk A, Hales CA, Hull RD, Leeper KV Jr, Popovich J Jr, Quinn DA, Sos TA, Sostman HD, Tapson VF, Wakefield TW, Weg JG, Woodard PK (2006) Multidetector computed tomography for acute pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med 354(22):2317–2327. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa052367 CrossRefPubMed Stein PD, Fowler SE, Goodman LR, Gottschalk A, Hales CA, Hull RD, Leeper KV Jr, Popovich J Jr, Quinn DA, Sos TA, Sostman HD, Tapson VF, Wakefield TW, Weg JG, Woodard PK (2006) Multidetector computed tomography for acute pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med 354(22):2317–2327. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1056/​NEJMoa052367 CrossRefPubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Amundsen T, Torheim G, Kvistad KA, Waage A, Bjermer L, Nordlid KK, Johnsen H, Asberg A, Haraldseth O (2002) Perfusion abnormalities in pulmonary embolism studied with perfusion MRI and ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy: an intra-modality and inter-modality agreement study. J Magn Reson Imaging 15(4):386–394CrossRefPubMed Amundsen T, Torheim G, Kvistad KA, Waage A, Bjermer L, Nordlid KK, Johnsen H, Asberg A, Haraldseth O (2002) Perfusion abnormalities in pulmonary embolism studied with perfusion MRI and ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy: an intra-modality and inter-modality agreement study. J Magn Reson Imaging 15(4):386–394CrossRefPubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Kalb B, Sharma P, Tigges S, Ray GL, Kitajima HD, Costello JR, Chen Z, Martin DR (2012) MR imaging of pulmonary embolism: diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced 3D MR pulmonary angiography, contrast-enhanced low-flip angle 3D GRE, and nonenhanced free-induction FISP sequences. Radiology 263(1):271–278. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.12110224 CrossRefPubMed Kalb B, Sharma P, Tigges S, Ray GL, Kitajima HD, Costello JR, Chen Z, Martin DR (2012) MR imaging of pulmonary embolism: diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced 3D MR pulmonary angiography, contrast-enhanced low-flip angle 3D GRE, and nonenhanced free-induction FISP sequences. Radiology 263(1):271–278. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1148/​radiol.​12110224 CrossRefPubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Ohno Y, Koyama H, Matsumoto K, Onishi Y, Nogami M, Takenaka D, Yoshikawa T, Matsumoto S, Sugimura K (2010) Dynamic MR perfusion imaging: capability for quantitative assessment of disease extent and prediction of outcome for patients with acute pulmonary thromboembolism. J Magn Reson Imaging 31(5):1081–1090. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.22146 CrossRefPubMed Ohno Y, Koyama H, Matsumoto K, Onishi Y, Nogami M, Takenaka D, Yoshikawa T, Matsumoto S, Sugimura K (2010) Dynamic MR perfusion imaging: capability for quantitative assessment of disease extent and prediction of outcome for patients with acute pulmonary thromboembolism. J Magn Reson Imaging 31(5):1081–1090. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1002/​jmri.​22146 CrossRefPubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Wirth G, Bruggemann K, Bostel T, Mayer E, Duber C, Kreitner KF (2014) Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH)-potential role of multidetector-row CT (MD-CT) and MR imaging in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the disease. RoFo Fortschr auf dem Geb der Rontgenstrahlen und der Nukl 186(8):751–761. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1366425 CrossRef Wirth G, Bruggemann K, Bostel T, Mayer E, Duber C, Kreitner KF (2014) Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH)-potential role of multidetector-row CT (MD-CT) and MR imaging in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the disease. RoFo Fortschr auf dem Geb der Rontgenstrahlen und der Nukl 186(8):751–761. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1055/​s-0034-1366425 CrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Ley S, Ley-Zaporozhan J, Pitton MB, Schneider J, Wirth GM, Mayer E, Duber C, Kreitner KF (2012) Diagnostic performance of state-of-the-art imaging techniques for morphological assessment of vascular abnormalities in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Eur Radiol 22(3):607–616. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-011-2290-4 CrossRefPubMed Ley S, Ley-Zaporozhan J, Pitton MB, Schneider J, Wirth GM, Mayer E, Duber C, Kreitner KF (2012) Diagnostic performance of state-of-the-art imaging techniques for morphological assessment of vascular abnormalities in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Eur Radiol 22(3):607–616. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s00330-011-2290-4 CrossRefPubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Rajaram S, Swift AJ, Capener D, Telfer A, Davies C, Hill C, Condliffe R, Elliot C, Hurdman J, Kiely DG, Wild JM (2012) Diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced MR angiography and unenhanced proton MR imaging compared with CT pulmonary angiography in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Eur Radiol 22(2):310–317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-011-2252-x CrossRefPubMed Rajaram S, Swift AJ, Capener D, Telfer A, Davies C, Hill C, Condliffe R, Elliot C, Hurdman J, Kiely DG, Wild JM (2012) Diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced MR angiography and unenhanced proton MR imaging compared with CT pulmonary angiography in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Eur Radiol 22(2):310–317. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s00330-011-2252-x CrossRefPubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Rajaram S, Swift AJ, Telfer A, Hurdman J, Marshall H, Lorenz E, Capener D, Davies C, Hill C, Elliot C, Condliffe R, Wild JM, Kiely DG (2013) 3D contrast-enhanced lung perfusion MRI is an effective screening tool for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: results from the ASPIRE registry. Thorax 68(7):677–678. https://doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-203020 CrossRefPubMed Rajaram S, Swift AJ, Telfer A, Hurdman J, Marshall H, Lorenz E, Capener D, Davies C, Hill C, Elliot C, Condliffe R, Wild JM, Kiely DG (2013) 3D contrast-enhanced lung perfusion MRI is an effective screening tool for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: results from the ASPIRE registry. Thorax 68(7):677–678. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1136/​thoraxjnl-2012-203020 CrossRefPubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Ley S, Fink C, Zaporozhan J, Borst MM, Meyer FJ, Puderbach M, Eichinger M, Plathow C, Grunig E, Kreitner KF, Kauczor HU (2005) Value of high spatial and high temporal resolution magnetic resonance angiography for differentiation between idiopathic and thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: initial results. Eur Radiol 15(11):2256–2263. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-005-2792-z CrossRefPubMed Ley S, Fink C, Zaporozhan J, Borst MM, Meyer FJ, Puderbach M, Eichinger M, Plathow C, Grunig E, Kreitner KF, Kauczor HU (2005) Value of high spatial and high temporal resolution magnetic resonance angiography for differentiation between idiopathic and thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: initial results. Eur Radiol 15(11):2256–2263. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s00330-005-2792-z CrossRefPubMed
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Schoenfeld C, Cebotari S, Hinrichs J, Renne J, Kaireit T, Olsson KM, Voskrebenzev A, Gutberlet M, Hoeper MM, Welte T, Haverich A, Wacker F, Vogel-Claussen J (2016) MR imaging-derived regional pulmonary parenchymal perfusion and cardiac function for monitoring patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension before and after pulmonary endarterectomy. Radiology 279(3):925–934. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2015150765 CrossRefPubMed Schoenfeld C, Cebotari S, Hinrichs J, Renne J, Kaireit T, Olsson KM, Voskrebenzev A, Gutberlet M, Hoeper MM, Welte T, Haverich A, Wacker F, Vogel-Claussen J (2016) MR imaging-derived regional pulmonary parenchymal perfusion and cardiac function for monitoring patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension before and after pulmonary endarterectomy. Radiology 279(3):925–934. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1148/​radiol.​2015150765 CrossRefPubMed
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Skrok J, Shehata ML, Mathai S, Girgis RE, Zaiman A, Mudd JO, Boyce D, Lechtzin N, Lima JA, Bluemke DA, Hassoun PM, Vogel-Claussen J (2012) Pulmonary arterial hypertension: MR imaging-derived first-pass bolus kinetic parameters are biomarkers for pulmonary hemodynamics, cardiac function, and ventricular remodeling. Radiology 263(3):678–687. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.12111001 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Skrok J, Shehata ML, Mathai S, Girgis RE, Zaiman A, Mudd JO, Boyce D, Lechtzin N, Lima JA, Bluemke DA, Hassoun PM, Vogel-Claussen J (2012) Pulmonary arterial hypertension: MR imaging-derived first-pass bolus kinetic parameters are biomarkers for pulmonary hemodynamics, cardiac function, and ventricular remodeling. Radiology 263(3):678–687. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1148/​radiol.​12111001 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
55.
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Mohrs OK, Voigtlander T, Heussel CP, Bardeleben S, Duber C, Kreitner KF (2002) Morphologic and functional assessment of vascular abnormalities of the pulmonary vasculature by breath-hold MR techniques. RoFo Fortschr auf dem Geb der Rontgenstrahlen und der Nukl 174(4):467–473. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-25115 CrossRef Mohrs OK, Voigtlander T, Heussel CP, Bardeleben S, Duber C, Kreitner KF (2002) Morphologic and functional assessment of vascular abnormalities of the pulmonary vasculature by breath-hold MR techniques. RoFo Fortschr auf dem Geb der Rontgenstrahlen und der Nukl 174(4):467–473. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1055/​s-2002-25115 CrossRef
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Wielputz MO, Puderbach M, Kopp-Schneider A, Stahl M, Fritzsching E, Sommerburg O, Ley S, Sumkauskaite M, Biederer J, Kauczor HU, Eichinger M, Mall MA (2014) Magnetic resonance imaging detects changes in structure and perfusion, and response to therapy in early cystic fibrosis lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 189(8):956–965. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201309-1659OC CrossRefPubMed Wielputz MO, Puderbach M, Kopp-Schneider A, Stahl M, Fritzsching E, Sommerburg O, Ley S, Sumkauskaite M, Biederer J, Kauczor HU, Eichinger M, Mall MA (2014) Magnetic resonance imaging detects changes in structure and perfusion, and response to therapy in early cystic fibrosis lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 189(8):956–965. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1164/​rccm.​201309-1659OC CrossRefPubMed
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Ohno Y, Hatabu H, Murase K, Higashino T, Kawamitsu H, Watanabe H, Takenaka D, Fujii M, Sugimura K (2004) Quantitative assessment of regional pulmonary perfusion in the entire lung using three-dimensional ultrafast dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: preliminary experience in 40 subjects. J Magn Reson Imaging 20(3):353–365. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.20137 CrossRefPubMed Ohno Y, Hatabu H, Murase K, Higashino T, Kawamitsu H, Watanabe H, Takenaka D, Fujii M, Sugimura K (2004) Quantitative assessment of regional pulmonary perfusion in the entire lung using three-dimensional ultrafast dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: preliminary experience in 40 subjects. J Magn Reson Imaging 20(3):353–365. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1002/​jmri.​20137 CrossRefPubMed
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Jang YM, Oh YM, Seo JB, Kim N, Chae EJ, Lee YK, Lee SD (2008) Quantitatively assessed dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: correlation of perfusion parameters with pulmonary function test and quantitative computed tomography. Invest Radiol 43(6):403–410. https://doi.org/10.1097/RLI.0b013e31816901ab CrossRefPubMed Jang YM, Oh YM, Seo JB, Kim N, Chae EJ, Lee YK, Lee SD (2008) Quantitatively assessed dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: correlation of perfusion parameters with pulmonary function test and quantitative computed tomography. Invest Radiol 43(6):403–410. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1097/​RLI.​0b013e31816901ab​ CrossRefPubMed
69.
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Ohno Y, Nishio M, Koyama H, Seki S, Tsubakimoto M, Fujisawa Y, Yoshikawa T, Matsumoto S, Sugimura K (2015) Solitary pulmonary nodules: comparison of dynamic first-pass contrast-enhanced perfusion area-detector CT, dynamic first-pass contrast-enhanced MR imaging, and FDG PET/CT. Radiology 274(2):563–575. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.14132289 CrossRefPubMed Ohno Y, Nishio M, Koyama H, Seki S, Tsubakimoto M, Fujisawa Y, Yoshikawa T, Matsumoto S, Sugimura K (2015) Solitary pulmonary nodules: comparison of dynamic first-pass contrast-enhanced perfusion area-detector CT, dynamic first-pass contrast-enhanced MR imaging, and FDG PET/CT. Radiology 274(2):563–575. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1148/​radiol.​14132289 CrossRefPubMed
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Ohno Y, Nishio M, Koyama H, Yoshikawa T, Matsumoto S, Seki S, Sugimura K (2014) Journal club: comparison of assessment of preoperative pulmonary vasculature in patients with non-small cell lung cancer by non-contrast- and 4D contrast-enhanced 3-T MR angiography and contrast-enhanced 64-MDCT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 202(3):493–506. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.13.10833 CrossRefPubMed Ohno Y, Nishio M, Koyama H, Yoshikawa T, Matsumoto S, Seki S, Sugimura K (2014) Journal club: comparison of assessment of preoperative pulmonary vasculature in patients with non-small cell lung cancer by non-contrast- and 4D contrast-enhanced 3-T MR angiography and contrast-enhanced 64-MDCT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 202(3):493–506. https://​doi.​org/​10.​2214/​ajr.​13.​10833 CrossRefPubMed
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Ohno Y, Seki S, Koyama H, Yoshikawa T, Matsumoto S, Takenaka D, Kassai Y, Yui M, Sugimura K (2015) 3D ECG- and respiratory-gated non-contrast-enhanced (CE) perfusion MRI for postoperative lung function prediction in non-small-cell lung cancer patients: a comparison with thin-section quantitative computed tomography, dynamic CE-perfusion MRI, and perfusion scan. J Magn Reson Imaging 42(2):340–353. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.24800 CrossRefPubMed Ohno Y, Seki S, Koyama H, Yoshikawa T, Matsumoto S, Takenaka D, Kassai Y, Yui M, Sugimura K (2015) 3D ECG- and respiratory-gated non-contrast-enhanced (CE) perfusion MRI for postoperative lung function prediction in non-small-cell lung cancer patients: a comparison with thin-section quantitative computed tomography, dynamic CE-perfusion MRI, and perfusion scan. J Magn Reson Imaging 42(2):340–353. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1002/​jmri.​24800 CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Update on MR imaging of the pulmonary vasculature
verfasst von
Muhammad Aziz
Mayil Krishnam
Ananth J. Madhuranthakam
Prabhakar Rajiah
Publikationsdatum
27.04.2019
Verlag
Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in
The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging / Ausgabe 8/2019
Print ISSN: 1569-5794
Elektronische ISSN: 1875-8312
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-019-01603-y

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 8/2019

The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging 8/2019 Zur Ausgabe

Update Kardiologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.