nach oben

Cancer and Metastasis Reviews

Erschienen in:

01.06.2012 | NON-THEMATIC REVIEW

Cancer-associated-fibroblasts and tumour cells: a diabolic liaison driving cancer progression

verfasst von: Paolo Cirri, Paola Chiarugi

Erschienen in: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews | Ausgabe 1-2/2012

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Several recent papers have now provided compelling experimental evidence that the progression of tumours towards a malignant phenotype does not depend exclusively on the cell-autonomous properties of cancer cells themselves but is also deeply influenced by tumour stroma reactivity, thereby undergoing a strict environmental control. Tumour microenvironmental elements include structural components such as the extracellular matrix or hypoxia as well as stromal cells, either resident cells or recruited from circulating precursors, as macrophages and other inflammatory cells, endothelial cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). All these elements synergistically play a specific role in cancer progression. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the role of CAFs in tumour progression, with a particular focus on the biunivocal interplay between CAFs and cancer cells leading to the activation of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition programme and the achievement of stem cell traits, as well as to the metabolic reprogramming of both stromal and cancer cells. Recent advances on the role of CAFs in the preparation of metastatic niche, as well as the controversial origin of CAFs, are discussed in light of the new emerging therapeutic implications of targeting CAFs.

Gabbiani, G., Ryan, G. B., & Majne, G. (1971). Presence of modified fibroblasts in granulation tissue and their possible role in wound contraction. Experientia, 27(5), 549–550.PubMedCrossRef

Tomasek, J. J., Gabbiani, G., Hinz, B., Chaponnier, C., & Brown, R. A. (2002). Myofibroblasts and mechano-regulation of connective tissue remodelling. Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology, 3(5), 349–363.PubMedCrossRef

Desmouliere, A., Redard, M., Darby, I., & Gabbiani, G. (1995). Apoptosis mediates the decrease in cellularity during the transition between granulation tissue and scar. American Journal of Pathology, 146(1), 56–66.PubMed

Rasanen, K., & Vaheri, A. (2010). Activation of fibroblasts in cancer stroma. Experimental Cell Research, 316(17), 2713–2722.PubMedCrossRef

Dvorak, H. F. (1986). Tumors: Wounds that do not heal. Similarities between tumor stroma generation and wound healing. The New England Journal of Medicine, 315(26), 1650–1659.PubMedCrossRef

Kalluri, R., & Zeisberg, M. (2006). Fibroblasts in cancer. Nature Reviews. Cancer, 6(5), 392–401.PubMedCrossRef

Pietras, K., & Ostman, A. (2010). Hallmarks of cancer: Interactions with the tumor stroma. Experimental Cell Research, 316(8), 1324–1331.PubMedCrossRef

Micke, P., & Ostman, A. (2004). Tumour–stroma interaction: Cancer-associated fibroblasts as novel targets in anti-cancer therapy? Lung Cancer, 45(Suppl 2), S163–S175.PubMedCrossRef

O’Brien, P., & O’Connor, B. F. (2008). Seprase: An overview of an important matrix serine protease. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1784(9), 1130–1145.PubMed

10.

Hasebe, T., Tamura, N., Okada, N., Hojo, T., Akashi-Tanaka, S., Shimizu, C., et al. (2010). p53 expression in tumor-stromal fibroblasts is closely associated with the nodal metastasis and outcome of patients with invasive ductal carcinoma who received neoadjuvant therapy. Human Pathology, 41(2), 262–270.PubMedCrossRef

11.

Nakao, M., Ishii, G., Nagai, K., Kawase, A., Kenmotsu, H., Kon-No, H., et al. (2009). Prognostic significance of carbonic anhydrase IX expression by cancer-associated fibroblasts in lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer, 115(12), 2732–2743.PubMedCrossRef

12.

Utispan, K., Thuwajit, P., Abiko, Y., Charngkaew, K., Paupairoj, A., Chau-in, S., et al. (2010). Gene expression profiling of cholangiocarcinoma-derived fibroblast reveals alterations related to tumor progression and indicates periostin as a poor prognostic marker. Molecular Cancer, 9, 13.PubMedCrossRef

13.

Witkiewicz, A. K., Dasgupta, A., Sotgia, F., Mercier, I., Pestell, R. G., Sabel, M., et al. (2009). An absence of stromal caveolin-1 expression predicts early tumor recurrence and poor clinical outcome in human breast cancers. American Journal of Pathology, 174(6), 2023–2034.PubMedCrossRef

14.

Yamanashi, T., Nakanishi, Y., Fujii, G., Akishima-Fukasawa, Y., Moriya, Y., Kanai, Y., et al. (2009). Podoplanin expression identified in stromal fibroblasts as a favorable prognostic marker in patients with colorectal carcinoma. Oncology, 77(1), 53–62.PubMedCrossRef

15.

Trimboli, A. J., Cantemir-Stone, C. Z., Li, F., Wallace, J. A., Merchant, A., Creasap, N., et al. (2009). Pten in stromal fibroblasts suppresses mammary epithelial tumours. Nature, 461(7267), 1084–1091.PubMedCrossRef

16.

Hill, R., Song, Y., Cardiff, R. D., & van, D. T. (2005). Selective evolution of stromal mesenchyme with p53 loss in response to epithelial tumorigenesis. Cell, 123(6), 1001–1011.PubMedCrossRef

17.

Kiaris, H., Chatzistamou, I., Trimis, G., Frangou-Plemmenou, M., Pafiti-Kondi, A., & Kalofoutis, A. (2005). Evidence for nonautonomous effect of p53 tumor suppressor in carcinogenesis. Cancer Research, 65(5), 1627–1630.PubMedCrossRef

18.

Anderberg, C., & Pietras, K. (2009). On the origin of cancer-associated fibroblasts. Cell Cycle, 8(10), 1461–1462.PubMedCrossRef

19.

Hinz, B., Phan, S. H., Thannickal, V. J., Galli, A., Bochaton-Piallat, M. L., & Gabbiani, G. (2007). The myofibroblast: One function, multiple origins. American Journal of Pathology, 170(6), 1807–1816.PubMedCrossRef

20.

McAnulty, R. J. (2007). Fibroblasts and myofibroblasts: Their source, function and role in disease. The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, 39(4), 666–671.CrossRef

21.

Ostman, A., & Augsten, M. (2009). Cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor growth—Bystanders turning into key players. Current Opinion in Genetics and Development, 19(1), 67–73.PubMedCrossRef

22.

De, W. O., & Mareel, M. (2003). Role of tissue stroma in cancer cell invasion. The Journal of Pathology, 200(4), 429–447.CrossRef

23.

Giannoni, E., Bianchini, F., Masieri, L., Serni, S., Torre, E., Calorini, L., et al. (2010). Reciprocal activation of prostate cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts stimulates epithelial–mesenchymal transition and cancer stemness. Cancer Research, 70(17), 6945–6956.PubMedCrossRef

24.

Lohr, M., Schmidt, C., Ringel, J., Kluth, M., Muller, P., Nizze, H., et al. (2001). Transforming growth factor-beta1 induces desmoplasia in an experimental model of human pancreatic carcinoma. Cancer Research, 61(2), 550–555.PubMed

25.

Bronzert, D. A., Pantazis, P., Antoniades, H. N., Kasid, A., Davidson, N., Dickson, R. B., et al. (1987). Synthesis and secretion of platelet-derived growth factor by human breast cancer cell lines. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 84(16), 5763–5767.PubMedCrossRef

26.

Shao, Z. M., Nguyen, M., & Barsky, S. H. (2000). Human breast carcinoma desmoplasia is PDGF initiated. Oncogene, 19(38), 4337–4345.PubMedCrossRef

27.

Strutz, F., Zeisberg, M., Hemmerlein, B., Sattler, B., Hummel, K., Becker, V., et al. (2000). Basic fibroblast growth factor expression is increased in human renal fibrogenesis and may mediate autocrine fibroblast proliferation. Kidney International, 57(4), 1521–1538.PubMedCrossRef

28.

Cat, B., Stuhlmann, D., Steinbrenner, H., Alili, L., Holtkotter, O., Sies, H., et al. (2006). Enhancement of tumor invasion depends on transdifferentiation of skin fibroblasts mediated by reactive oxygen species. Journal of Cell Science, 119(Pt 13), 2727–2738.PubMedCrossRef

29.

Stuhlmann, D., Steinbrenner, H., Wendlandt, B., Mitic, D., Sies, H., & Brenneisen, P. (2004). Paracrine effect of TGF-beta1 on downregulation of gap junctional intercellular communication between human dermal fibroblasts. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 319(2), 321–326.PubMedCrossRef

30.

Giannoni, E., Bianchini, F., Calorini, L., & Chiarugi, P. (2011). Cancer associated fibroblasts exploit reactive oxygen species through a pro-inflammatory signature leading to epithelial mesenchymal transition and stemness. Antioxidand & Redox Signaling, 14, 2361–2371.CrossRef

31.

Toullec, A., Gerald, D., Despouy, G., Bourachot, B., Cardon, M., Lefort, S., et al. (2010). Oxidative stress promotes myofibroblast differentiation and tumour spreading. EMBO Molecular Medicine, 2(6), 211–230.PubMedCrossRef

32.

Georges, P. C., & Janmey, P. A. (2005). Cell type-specific response to growth on soft materials. Journal of Applied Physiology, 98(4), 1547–1553.PubMedCrossRef

33.

Discher, D. E., Janmey, P., & Wang, Y. L. (2005). Tissue cells feel and respond to the stiffness of their substrate. Science, 310(5751), 1139–1143.PubMedCrossRef

34.

Assoian, R. K., & Klein, E. A. (2008). Growth control by intracellular tension and extracellular stiffness. Trends in Cell Biology, 18(7), 347–352.PubMedCrossRef

35.

Paszek, M. J., Zahir, N., Johnson, K. R., Lakins, J. N., Rozenberg, G. I., Gefen, A., et al. (2005). Tensional homeostasis and the malignant phenotype. Cancer Cell, 8(3), 241–254.PubMedCrossRef

36.

Chun, T. H., Hotary, K. B., Sabeh, F., Saltiel, A. R., Allen, E. D., & Weiss, S. J. (2006). A pericellular collagenase directs the 3-dimensional development of white adipose tissue. Cell, 125(3), 577–591.PubMedCrossRef

37.

Huijbers, I. J., Iravani, M., Popov, S., Robertson, D., Al-Sarraj, S., Jones, C., et al. (2010). A role for fibrillar collagen deposition and the collagen internalization receptor endo180 in glioma invasion. PLoS One, 5(3), e9808.PubMedCrossRef

38.

Kauppila, S., Stenback, F., Risteli, J., Jukkola, A., & Risteli, L. (1998). Aberrant type I and type III collagen gene expression in human breast cancer in vivo. The Journal of Pathology, 186(3), 262–268.PubMedCrossRef

39.

Hasebe, T., Sasaki, S., Imoto, S., Mukai, K., Yokose, T., & Ochiai, A. (2002). Prognostic significance of fibrotic focus in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast: A prospective observational study. Modern Pathology, 15(5), 502–516.PubMedCrossRef

40.

Kaplan, R. N., Riba, R. D., Zacharoulis, S., Bramley, A. H., Vincent, L., Costa, C., et al. (2005). VEGFR1-positive haematopoietic bone marrow progenitors initiate the pre-metastatic niche. Nature, 438(7069), 820–827.PubMedCrossRef

41.

Levental, K. R., Yu, H., Kass, L., Lakins, J. N., Egeblad, M., Erler, J. T., et al. (2009). Matrix crosslinking forces tumor progression by enhancing integrin signaling. Cell, 139(5), 891–906.PubMedCrossRef

42.

Santhanam, A. N., Baker, A. R., Hegamyer, G., Kirschmann, D. A., & Colburn, N. H. (2010). Pdcd4 repression of lysyl oxidase inhibits hypoxia-induced breast cancer cell invasion. Oncogene, 29(27), 3921–3932.PubMedCrossRef

43.

Olive, K. P., Jacobetz, M. A., Davidson, C. J., Gopinathan, A., McIntyre, D., Honess, D., et al. (2009). Inhibition of Hedgehog signaling enhances delivery of chemotherapy in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer. Science, 324(5933), 1457–1461.PubMedCrossRef

44.

Shieh, A. C., Rozansky, H. A., Hinz, B., & Swartz, M. A. (2011). Tumor cell invasion is promoted by interstitial flow-induced matrix priming by stromal fibroblasts. Cancer Research, 71(3), 790–800.PubMedCrossRef

45.

Gaggioli, C., Hooper, S., Hidalgo-Carcedo, C., Grosse, R., Marshall, J. F., Harrington, K., et al. (2007). Fibroblast-led collective invasion of carcinoma cells with differing roles for RhoGTPases in leading and following cells. Nature Cell Biology, 9(12), 1392–1400.PubMedCrossRef

46.

Plow, E. F., Haas, T. A., Zhang, L., Loftus, J., & Smith, J. W. (2000). Ligand binding to integrins. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 275(29), 21785–21788.PubMedCrossRef

47.

Velling, T., Risteli, J., Wennerberg, K., Mosher, D. F., & Johansson, S. (2002). Polymerization of type I and III collagens is dependent on fibronectin and enhanced by integrins alpha 11beta 1 and alpha 2beta 1. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 277(40), 37377–37381.PubMedCrossRef

48.

Pankov, R., & Yamada, K. M. (2002). Fibronectin at a glance. Journal of Cell Science, 115(Pt 20), 3861–3863.PubMedCrossRef

49.

Chen, S. H., Lin, C. Y., Lee, L. T., Chang, G. D., Lee, P. P., Hung, C. C., et al. (2010). Up-regulation of fibronectin and tissue transglutaminase promotes cell invasion involving increased association with integrin and MMP expression in A431 cells. Anticancer Research, 30(10), 4177–4186.PubMed

50.

Mitra, A. K., Sawada, K., Tiwari, P., Mui, K., Gwin, K., & Lengyel, E. (2011). Ligand-independent activation of c-Met by fibronectin and alpha(5)beta(1)-integrin regulates ovarian cancer invasion and metastasis. Oncogene, 30(13), 1566–1576.PubMedCrossRef

51.

Kobayashi, N., Miyoshi, S., Mikami, T., Koyama, H., Kitazawa, M., Takeoka, M., et al. (2010). Hyaluronan deficiency in tumor stroma impairs macrophage trafficking and tumor neovascularization. Cancer Research, 70(18), 7073–7083.PubMedCrossRef

52.

Wang, W., Li, Q., Yamada, T., Matsumoto, K., Matsumoto, I., Oda, M., et al. (2009). Crosstalk to stromal fibroblasts induces resistance of lung cancer to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Clinical Cancer Research, 15(21), 6630–6638.PubMedCrossRef

53.

Jedeszko, C., Victor, B. C., Podgorski, I., & Sloane, B. F. (2009). Fibroblast hepatocyte growth factor promotes invasion of human mammary ductal carcinoma in situ. Cancer Research, 69(23), 9148–9155.PubMedCrossRef

54.

Matsumoto, K., & Nakamura, T. (2006). Hepatocyte growth factor and the Met system as a mediator of tumor–stromal interactions. International Journal of Cancer, 119(3), 477–483.CrossRef

55.

Matsumoto, K., Okazaki, H., & Nakamura, T. (1995). Novel function of prostaglandins as inducers of gene expression of HGF and putative mediators of tissue regeneration. Journal of Biochemistry, 117(2), 458–464.PubMedCrossRef

56.

Bhowmick, N. A., Chytil, A., Plieth, D., Gorska, A. E., Dumont, N., Shappell, S., et al. (2004). TGF-beta signaling in fibroblasts modulates the oncogenic potential of adjacent epithelia. Science, 303(5659), 848–851.PubMedCrossRef

57.

Gerber, P. A., Hippe, A., Buhren, B. A., Muller, A., & Homey, B. (2009). Chemokines in tumor-associated angiogenesis. Biological Chemistry, 390(12), 1213–1223.PubMedCrossRef

58.

Matsuo, Y., Ochi, N., Sawai, H., Yasuda, A., Takahashi, H., Funahashi, H., et al. (2009). CXCL8/IL-8 and CXCL12/SDF-1alpha co-operatively promote invasiveness and angiogenesis in pancreatic cancer. International Journal of Cancer, 124(4), 853–861.CrossRef

59.

Orimo, A., Gupta, P. B., Sgroi, D. C., Arenzana-Seisdedos, F., Delaunay, T., Naeem, R., et al. (2005). Stromal fibroblasts present in invasive human breast carcinomas promote tumor growth and angiogenesis through elevated SDF-1/CXCL12 secretion. Cell, 121(3), 335–348.PubMedCrossRef

60.

Augsten, M., Hagglof, C., Olsson, E., Stolz, C., Tsagozis, P., Levchenko, T., et al. (2009). CXCL14 is an autocrine growth factor for fibroblasts and acts as a multi-modal stimulator of prostate tumor growth. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106(9), 3414–3419.PubMedCrossRef

61.

Erez, N., Truitt, M., Olson, P., Arron, S. T., & Hanahan, D. (2010). Cancer-associated fibroblasts are activated in incipient neoplasia to orchestrate tumor-promoting inflammation in an NF-kappaB-dependent manner. Cancer Cell, 17(2), 135–147.PubMedCrossRef

62.

Hynes, R. O. (2009). The extracellular matrix: Not just pretty fibrils. Science, 326(5957), 1216–1219.PubMedCrossRef

63.

Roy, R., Yang, J., & Moses, M. A. (2009). Matrix metalloproteinases as novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in human cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 27(31), 5287–5297.PubMedCrossRef

64.

Vosseler, S., Lederle, W., Airola, K., Obermueller, E., Fusenig, N. E., & Mueller, M. M. (2009). Distinct progression-associated expression of tumor and stromal MMPs in HaCaT skin SCCs correlates with onset of invasion. International Journal of Cancer, 125(10), 2296–2306.CrossRef

65.

Lederle, W., Hartenstein, B., Meides, A., Kunzelmann, H., Werb, Z., Angel, P., et al. (2010). MMP13 as a stromal mediator in controlling persistent angiogenesis in skin carcinoma. Carcinogenesis, 31(7), 1175–1184.PubMedCrossRef

66.

Dean, J. P., & Nelson, P. S. (2008). Profiling influences of senescent and aged fibroblasts on prostate carcinogenesis. British Journal of Cancer, 98(2), 245–249.PubMedCrossRef

67.

Blasi, F., & Sidenius, N. (2010). The urokinase receptor: Focused cell surface proteolysis, cell adhesion and signaling. FEBS Letters, 584(9), 1923–1930.PubMedCrossRef

68.

Noskova, V., Ahmadi, S., Asander, E., & Casslen, B. (2009). Ovarian cancer cells stimulate uPA gene expression in fibroblastic stromal cells via multiple paracrine and autocrine mechanisms. Gynecologic Oncology, 115(1), 121–126.PubMedCrossRef

69.

Coppe, J. P., Desprez, P. Y., Krtolica, A., & Campisi, J. (2010). The senescence-associated secretory phenotype: The dark side of tumor suppression. Annual Review of Pathology, 5, 99–118.PubMedCrossRef

70.

Davalos, A. R., Coppe, J. P., Campisi, J., & Desprez, P. Y. (2010). Senescent cells as a source of inflammatory factors for tumor progression. Cancer Metastasis Reviews, 29(2), 273–283.PubMedCrossRef

71.

Laberge, R. M., Awad, P., Campisi, J., & Desprez, P. Y. (2011). Epithelial–mesenchymal transition induced by senescent fibroblasts. Cancer Microenviron. doi:10.1007/s12307-011-0069-4.

72.

Lee, C. (1996). Role of androgen in prostate growth and regression: Stromal–epithelial interaction. The Prostate. Supplement, 6, 52–56.PubMedCrossRef

73.

Chang, S. M., & Chung, L. W. (1989). Interaction between prostatic fibroblast and epithelial cells in culture: Role of androgen. Endocrinology, 125(5), 2719–2727.PubMedCrossRef

74.

Cano, P., Godoy, A., Escamilla, R., Dhir, R., & Onate, S. A. (2007). Stromal–epithelial cell interactions and androgen receptor–coregulator recruitment is altered in the tissue microenvironment of prostate cancer. Cancer Research, 67(2), 511–519.PubMedCrossRef

75.

Ricciardelli, C., Choong, C. S., Buchanan, G., Vivekanandan, S., Neufing, P., Stahl, J., et al. (2005). Androgen receptor levels in prostate cancer epithelial and peritumoral stromal cells identify non-organ confined disease. Prostate, 63(1), 19–28.PubMedCrossRef

76.

Henshall, S. M., Quinn, D. I., Lee, C. S., Head, D. R., Golovsky, D., Brenner, P. C., et al. (2001). Altered expression of androgen receptor in the malignant epithelium and adjacent stroma is associated with early relapse in prostate cancer. Cancer Research, 61(2), 423–427.PubMed

77.

Zhao, Y., Nichols, J. E., Valdez, R., Mendelson, C. R., & Simpson, E. R. (1996). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha stimulates aromatase gene expression in human adipose stromal cells through use of an activating protein-1 binding site upstream of promoter 1.4. Molecular Endocrinology, 10(11), 1350–1357.PubMedCrossRef

78.

Simpson, E. R., & Davis, S. R. (2001). Minireview: Aromatase and the regulation of estrogen biosynthesis—Some new perspectives. Endocrinology, 142(11), 4589–4594.PubMedCrossRef

79.

Santen, R. J., Santner, S. J., Pauley, R. J., Tait, L., Kaseta, J., Demers, L. M., et al. (1997). Estrogen production via the aromatase enzyme in breast carcinoma: Which cell type is responsible? The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 61(3–6), 267–271.PubMedCrossRef

80.

Howell, A., Cuzick, J., Baum, M., Buzdar, A., Dowsett, M., Forbes, J. F., et al. (2005). Results of the ATAC (arimidex, tamoxifen, alone or in combination) trial after completion of 5 years’ adjuvant treatment for breast cancer. Lancet, 365(9453), 60–62.PubMedCrossRef

81.

Joyce, J. A., & Pollard, J. W. (2009). Microenvironmental regulation of metastasis. Nature Reviews. Cancer, 9(4), 239–252.PubMedCrossRef

82.

De, W. O., Demetter, P., Mareel, M., & Bracke, M. (2008). Stromal myofibroblasts are drivers of invasive cancer growth. International Journal of Cancer, 123(10), 2229–2238.CrossRef

83.

De Wever, O., Nguyen, Q. D., Van, H. L., Bracke, M., Bruyneel, E., Gespach, C., et al. (2004). Tenascin-C and SF/HGF produced by myofibroblasts in vitro provide convergent pro-invasive signals to human colon cancer cells through RhoA and Rac. The FASEB Journal, 18(9), 1016–1018.

84.

Kalluri, R. (2009). EMT: When epithelial cells decide to become mesenchymal-like cells. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 119(6), 1417–1419.PubMedCrossRef

85.

Thiery, J. P., Acloque, H., Huang, R. Y., & Nieto, M. A. (2009). Epithelial–mesenchymal transitions in development and disease. Cell, 139(5), 871–890.PubMedCrossRef

86.

Blick, T., Hugo, H., Widodo, E., Waltham, M., Pinto, C., Mani, S. A., et al. (2010). Epithelial mesenchymal transition traits in human breast cancer cell lines parallel the CD44(hi/)CD24 (lo/-) stem cell phenotype in human breast cancer. Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia, 15(2), 235–252.PubMedCrossRef

87.

Mani, S. A., Guo, W., Liao, M. J., Eaton, E. N., Ayyanan, A., Zhou, A. Y., et al. (2008). The epithelial–mesenchymal transition generates cells with properties of stem cells. Cell, 133(4), 704–715.PubMedCrossRef

88.

Klarmann, G. J., Hurt, E. M., Mathews, L. A., Zhang, X., Duhagon, M. A., Mistree, T., et al. (2009). Invasive prostate cancer cells are tumor initiating cells that have a stem cell-like genomic signature. Clinical & Experimental Metastasis, 26(5), 433–446.CrossRef

89.

Visvader, J. E., & Lindeman, G. J. (2008). Cancer stem cells in solid tumours: Accumulating evidence and unresolved questions. Nature Reviews. Cancer, 8(10), 755–768.PubMedCrossRef

90.

Liao, C. P., Adisetiyo, H., Liang, M., & Roy-Burman, P. (2010). Cancer-associated fibroblasts enhance the gland-forming capability of prostate cancer stem cells. Cancer Research, 70(18), 7294–7303.PubMedCrossRef

91.

Wu, Y., Deng, J., Rychahou, P. G., Qiu, S., Evers, B. M., & Zhou, B. P. (2009). Stabilization of snail by NF-kappaB is required for inflammation-induced cell migration and invasion. Cancer Cell, 15(5), 416–428.PubMedCrossRef

92.

Radisky, D. C., Levy, D. D., Littlepage, L. E., Liu, H., Nelson, C. M., Fata, J. E., et al. (2005). Rac1b and reactive oxygen species mediate MMP-3-induced EMT and genomic instability. Nature, 436(7047), 123–127.PubMedCrossRef

93.

De, W. O., Pauwels, P., De, C. B., Sabbah, M., Emami, S., Redeuilh, G., et al. (2008). Molecular and pathological signatures of epithelial–mesenchymal transitions at the cancer invasion front. Histochemistry and Cell Biology, 130(3), 481–494.CrossRef

94.

Patocs, A., Zhang, L., Xu, Y., Weber, F., Caldes, T., Mutter, G. L., et al. (2007). Breast-cancer stromal cells with TP53 mutations and nodal metastases. The New England Journal of Medicine, 357(25), 2543–2551.PubMedCrossRef

95.

Jones, R. G., & Thompson, C. B. (2009). Tumor suppressors and cell metabolism: A recipe for cancer growth. Genes & Development, 23(5), 537–548.CrossRef

96.

Vander Heiden, M. G., Cantley, L. C., & Thompson, C. B. (2009). Understanding the Warburg effect: The metabolic requirements of cell proliferation. Science, 324(5930), 1029–1033.PubMedCrossRef

97.

Christofk, H. R., Vander Heiden, M. G., Harris, M. H., Ramanathan, A., Gerszten, R. E., Wei, R., et al. (2008). The M2 splice isoform of pyruvate kinase is important for cancer metabolism and tumour growth. Nature, 452(7184), 230–233.PubMedCrossRef

98.

Vander Heiden, M. G., Locasale, J. W., Swanson, K. D., Sharfi, H., Heffron, G. J., Amador-Noguez, D., et al. (2010). Evidence for an alternative glycolytic pathway in rapidly proliferating cells. Science, 329(5998), 1492–1499.PubMedCrossRef

99.

Luo, W., Hu, H., Chang, R., Zhong, J., Knabel, M., O’Meally, R., et al. (2011). Pyruvate kinase M2 Is a PHD3-stimulated coactivator for hypoxia-inducible factor 1. Cell, 145(5), 732–744.PubMedCrossRef

100.

Pavlides, S., Whitaker-Menezes, D., Castello-Cros, R., Flomenberg, N., Witkiewicz, A. K., Frank, P. G., et al. (2009). The reverse Warburg effect: Aerobic glycolysis in cancer associated fibroblasts and the tumor stroma. Cell Cycle, 8(23), 3984–4001.PubMedCrossRef

101.

Martinez-Outschoorn, U. E., Trimmer, C., Lin, Z., Whitaker-Menezes, D., Chiavarina, B., Zhou, J., et al. (2010). Autophagy in cancer associated fibroblasts promotes tumor cell survival: Role of hypoxia, HIF1 induction and NFkappaB activation in the tumor stromal microenvironment. Cell Cycle, 9(17), 3515–3533.PubMedCrossRef

102.

Koukourakis, M. I., Giatromanolaki, A., Harris, A. L., & Sivridis, E. (2006). Comparison of metabolic pathways between cancer cells and stromal cells in colorectal carcinomas: A metabolic survival role for tumor-associated stroma. Cancer Research, 66(2), 632–637.PubMedCrossRef

103.

Garzon, R., Marcucci, G., & Croce, C. M. (2010). Targeting microRNAs in cancer: Rationale, strategies and challenges. Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery, 9(10), 775–789.PubMedCrossRef

104.

Tazawa, H., Kagawa, S., & Fujiwara, T. (2011). MicroRNAs as potential target gene in cancer gene therapy of gastrointestinal tumors. Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 11(2), 145–155.PubMedCrossRef

105.

Musumeci, M., Coppola, V., Addario, A., Patrizii, M., Maugeri-Sacca, M., Memeo, L., et al. (2011). Control of tumor and microenvironment cross-talk by miR-15a and miR-16 in prostate cancer. Oncogene, 30, 4231–4242.PubMedCrossRef

106.

Nielsen, B. S., Jorgensen, S., Fog, J. U., Sokilde, R., Christensen, I. J., Hansen, U., et al. (2011). High levels of microRNA-21 in the stroma of colorectal cancers predict short disease-free survival in stage II colon cancer patients. Clinical & Experimental Metastasis, 28(1), 27–38.CrossRef

107.

Yao, Q., Cao, S., Li, C., Mengesha, A., Kong, B., & Wei, M. (2011). Micro-RNA-21 regulates TGF-beta-induced myofibroblast differentiation by targeting PDCD4 in tumor–stroma interaction. International Journal of Cancer, 128(8), 1783–1792.CrossRef

108.

Aprelikova, O., Yu, X., Palla, J., Wei, B. R., John, S., Yi, M., et al. (2010). The role of miR-31 and its target gene SATB2 in cancer-associated fibroblasts. Cell Cycle, 9(21), 4387–4398.PubMedCrossRef

109.

Lim, P. K., Bliss, S. A., Patel, S. A., Taborga, M., Dave, M. A., Gregory, L. A., et al. (2011). Gap junction-mediated import of microRNA from bone marrow stromal cells can elicit cell cycle quiescence in breast cancer cells. Cancer Research, 71(5), 1550–1560.PubMedCrossRef

110.

Grange, C., Tapparo, M., Collino, F., Vitillo, L., Damasco, C., Deregibus, M. C., et al. (2011). Microvesicles released from human renal cancer stem cells stimulate angiogenesis and formation of lung pre-metastatic niche. Cancer Research, 71, 5346–5356.PubMedCrossRef

111.

Nguyen, D. X., Bos, P. D., & Massague, J. (2009). Metastasis: From dissemination to organ-specific colonization. Nature Reviews. Cancer, 9(4), 274–284.PubMedCrossRef

112.

Tu, S. M., Lin, S. H., & Logothetis, C. J. (2002). Stem-cell origin of metastasis and heterogeneity in solid tumours. The Lancet Oncology, 3(8), 508–513.PubMedCrossRef

113.

Psaila, B., & Lyden, D. (2009). The metastatic niche: Adapting the foreign soil. Nature Reviews. Cancer, 9(4), 285–293.PubMedCrossRef

114.

Duda, D. G., Duyverman, A. M., Kohno, M., Snuderl, M., Steller, E. J., Fukumura, D., et al. (2010). Malignant cells facilitate lung metastasis by bringing their own soil. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107, 21677–21682.PubMedCrossRef

115.

Sung, S. Y., Hsieh, C. L., Law, A., Zhau, H. E., Pathak, S., Multani, A. S., et al. (2008). Coevolution of prostate cancer and bone stroma in three-dimensional coculture: Implications for cancer growth and metastasis. Cancer Research, 68(23), 9996–10003.PubMedCrossRef

116.

Pietras, K., Pahler, J., Bergers, G., & Hanahan, D. (2008). Functions of paracrine PDGF signaling in the proangiogenic tumor stroma revealed by pharmacological targeting. PLoS Medicine, 5(1), e19.PubMedCrossRef

117.

Wu, M. P., Young, M. J., Tzeng, C. C., Tzeng, C. R., Huang, K. F., Wu, L. W., et al. (2008). A novel role of thrombospondin-1 in cervical carcinogenesis: Inhibit stroma reaction by inhibiting activated fibroblasts from invading cancer. Carcinogenesis, 29(6), 1115–1123.PubMedCrossRef

118.

Wen, J., Matsumoto, K., Taniura, N., Tomioka, D., & Nakamura, T. (2004). Hepatic gene expression of NK4, an HGF-antagonist/angiogenesis inhibitor, suppresses liver metastasis and invasive growth of colon cancer in mice. Cancer Gene Therapy, 11(6), 419–430.PubMedCrossRef

119.

Kim, K. J., Wang, L., Su, Y. C., Gillespie, G. Y., Salhotra, A., Lal, B., et al. (2006). Systemic anti-hepatocyte growth factor monoclonal antibody therapy induces the regression of intracranial glioma xenografts. Clinical Cancer Research, 12(4), 1292–1298.PubMedCrossRef

120.

Crawford, Y., Kasman, I., Yu, L., Zhong, C., Wu, X., Modrusan, Z., et al. (2009). PDGF-C mediates the angiogenic and tumorigenic properties of fibroblasts associated with tumors refractory to anti-VEGF treatment. Cancer Cell, 15(1), 21–34.PubMedCrossRef

121.

Sato, N., Maehara, N., & Goggins, M. (2004). Gene expression profiling of tumor–stromal interactions between pancreatic cancer cells and stromal fibroblasts. Cancer Research, 64(19), 6950–6956.PubMedCrossRef

122.

Hu, M., Peluffo, G., Chen, H., Gelman, R., Schnitt, S., & Polyak, K. (2009). Role of COX-2 in epithelial-stromal cell interactions and progression of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106(9), 3372–3377.PubMedCrossRef

123.

Mann, J., Oakley, F., Akiboye, F., Elsharkawy, A., Thorne, A. W., & Mann, D. A. (2007). Regulation of myofibroblast transdifferentiation by DNA methylation and MeCP2: Implications for wound healing and fibrogenesis. Cell Death and Differentiation, 14(2), 275–285.PubMedCrossRef

124.

Scott, A. M., Wiseman, G., Welt, S., Adjei, A., Lee, F. T., Hopkins, W., et al. (2003). A phase I dose-escalation study of sibrotuzumab in patients with advanced or metastatic fibroblast activation protein-positive cancer. Clinical Cancer Research, 9(5), 1639–1647.PubMed

Titel: Cancer-associated-fibroblasts and tumour cells: a diabolic liaison driving cancer progression
verfasst von: Paolo Cirri
Paola Chiarugi
Publikationsdatum: 01.06.2012
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews / Ausgabe 1-2/2012
Print ISSN: 0167-7659
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-7233
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10555-011-9340-x

Neu im Fachgebiet Onkologie

25.04.2024 | Nierenkarzinom | Nachrichten

Springer Medizin

Cancer-associated-fibroblasts and tumour cells: a diabolic liaison driving cancer progression

Abstract

Neu im Fachgebiet Onkologie

Adjuvante Immuntherapie verlängert Leben bei RCC

Alectinib verbessert krankheitsfreies Überleben bei ALK-positivem NSCLC

Bei Senioren mit Prostatakarzinom auf Anämie achten!

ICI-Therapie in der Schwangerschaft wird gut toleriert

Update Onkologie

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1-2/2012

Cooperate concept of metastasis: site-specific requirement of activated differentiation and dynamic deterioration

The genetic/metabolic transformation concept of carcinogenesis

Regulation of p53 by ING family members in suppression of tumor initiation and progression

In vivo animal models of spinal metastasis

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor cancer stem cells: do they exist?

Biological influence of Hakai in cancer: a 10-year review

Neu im Fachgebiet Onkologie

Adjuvante Immuntherapie verlängert Leben bei RCC

Alectinib verbessert krankheitsfreies Überleben bei ALK-positivem NSCLC

Bei Senioren mit Prostatakarzinom auf Anämie achten!

ICI-Therapie in der Schwangerschaft wird gut toleriert

Update Onkologie