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Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Melatonin in Hemorrhagic Stroke

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Abstract

Hemorrhagic stroke which consists of subarachnoid hemorrhage and intracerebral hemorrhage is a dominant cause of death and disability worldwide. Although great efforts have been made, the physiological mechanisms of these diseases are not fully understood and effective pharmacological interventions are still lacking. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), a neurohormone produced by the pineal gland, is a broad-spectrum antioxidant and potent free radical scavenger. More importantly, there is extensive evidence demonstrating that melatonin confers neuroprotective effects in experimental models of hemorrhagic stroke. Multiple molecular mechanisms such as antioxidant, anti-apoptosis, and anti-inflammation, contribute to melatonin-mediated neuroprotection against brain injury after hemorrhagic stroke. This review article aims to summarize current knowledge regarding the beneficial effects of melatonin in experimental models of hemorrhagic stroke and explores the underlying mechanisms. We propose that melatonin is a promising neuroprotective candidate that is worthy of further evaluation for its potential therapeutic applications in hemorrhagic stroke.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81371433, No. 81402044), Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China (LY14H160017), Zhejiang Provincial Medical Science and Technology Planning Project (No. 201466094), Zhejiang Provincial Welfare Technology Application Research Project (No. 2015C33217).

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Hai-Jian Wu, Cheng Wu and Huan-Jiang Niu have contributed equally to this work.

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Wu, HJ., Wu, C., Niu, HJ. et al. Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Melatonin in Hemorrhagic Stroke. Cell Mol Neurobiol 37, 1173–1185 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-017-0461-9

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