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Linking Substance Use and Problem Behavior Across Three Generations

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This study examined patterns of between-generation continuity in substance use from generation 1 (G1) parents to generation 2 (G2) adolescents and from G2 adult substance use and G1 substance use to generation 3 (G3) problem behavior in childhood. Structural equation modeling of prospective, longitudinal data from 808 participants, their parents, and their children showed low levels of G1 to G2 cross-generational continuity in the general tendency to use drugs. This effect was fully mediated by G2 early adolescent behavior problems. Drug-specific residual effects were observed across generations for cigarette smoking. Once established in adolescence, substance use in G2 showed stability over time. G2 substance use at age 27 significantly predicted G3 problem behavior. G1 substance use also was related to G3 problem behavior indirectly. These findings highlight the importance of interrupting intergenerational cycles of substance use and problem behavior.

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Notes

  1. A portion of the sample was exposed to a multicomponent preventive intervention in the elementary grades, consisting of teacher training, parenting classes, and social competence training for children (Hawkins, Catalano, Kosterman, Abbott, & Hill, 1999). While differences in prevalences and means have been observed between intervention and control groups, prior analyses have shown few differences in the covariance structures of the groups (Catalano, Kosterman, Hawkins, Newcomb, & Abbott, 1996; Huang, Kosterman, Catalano, Hawkins, & Abbott, 2001). Similarly, analyses for this report were based on the full sample after examining possible differences in measurement and covariance structures between a group that received all of the intervention components and a control group of participants who received no intervention. Previous analyses have shown that this “full” intervention group was most likely to demonstrate significant intervention effects on mean levels of behavior (Hawkins et al., 1999). The control group was compared to the full intervention group using multiple group structural equation modeling. Nonsignificant results of the DIFFTEST procedure in Mplus (Muthén & Muthén, 1998-2004) support measurement invariance and invariance in structural parameters between the control and full intervention groups.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This research was supported by research grants # 1RO1DA12138 and #R01DA09679 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Points of view are those of the authors and are not the official positions of the funding agency. Portions of the findings reported here were presented at the 12th Annual Meeting of the Society for Prevention Research, Quebec, Canada. Correspondence concerning this article and requests for reprints should be addressed to Jennifer Bailey, Social Development Research Group, 9725 3rd Avenue NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115 (fax) 206-543-4507 or jabailey@u.washington.edu. We gratefully acknowledge the SDRG data collection team, as well as Tanya Williams for her help in editing this manuscript.

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  1. Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

    Jennifer A. Bailey, Karl G. Hill, Sabrina Oesterle & J. David Hawkins

  2. Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Avenue, NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA

    Jennifer A. Bailey

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Bailey, J.A., Hill, K.G., Oesterle, S. et al. Linking Substance Use and Problem Behavior Across Three Generations. J Abnorm Child Psychol 34, 263–282 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-006-9033-z

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