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Human Saliva for Oral Precancer Detection: a Comparison of Fluorescence & Stokes Shift Spectroscopy

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Abstract

We report here a study on human saliva tested as a diagnostic medium for oral cancer detection on three groups: oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), oral sub mucous fibrosis (OSMF; precancer), and healthy controls (normal). Measurements have been conducted using fluorescence spectroscopy with 350 nm excitation and Stokes shift (SS) spectroscopy (SSS) with 120 nm shift from a total of 99 saliva samples. For classification, principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) have been applied on the data sets. Linear discriminant (LD) scores of fluorescence spectra are able to differentiate OSCC to normal, OSMF to normal and OSCC to OSMF with sensitivities 91%, 92%, 91% and specificities 97%, 100%, 94% respectively, while LD scores of SS spectra differentiate respective groups with sensitivities 100%, 94%, 94% and specificities 97%, 100%, 94%. Cross-validation on the datasets of PC scores during LDA illustrates that sensitivity and specificity of SSS data are less affected than those of fluorescence data. Saliva is thus seen as a potential non-invasive and simple diagnostic medium, with SS spectroscopy as a better diagnostic tool for oral precancer.

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Acknowledgements

We thank to Dr. Shivani Nautiyal and Dr. Kumar Ashutosh for helping in saliva collection.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IITK), Kanpur, 208016, India

    Pavan Kumar & Asima Pradhan

  2. Department of ENT, Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial College (GSVM), Kanpur, 208002, India

    Ashutosh Singh & Surendra Kumar Kanaujia

  3. Center for Lasers and Photonics (CELP), IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India

    Asima Pradhan

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  1. Pavan Kumar
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  2. Ashutosh Singh
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  3. Surendra Kumar Kanaujia
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  4. Asima Pradhan
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Correspondence to Asima Pradhan.

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The authors have no relevant financial interests in this article and no potential conflicts of interest to disclose.

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Kumar, P., Singh, A., Kumar Kanaujia, S. et al. Human Saliva for Oral Precancer Detection: a Comparison of Fluorescence & Stokes Shift Spectroscopy. J Fluoresc 28, 419–426 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-017-2203-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-017-2203-2

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