Introduction
Methods
Data Source
Analytical Variables
Statistical Analysis
Results
Descriptive Results
Total | ||
---|---|---|
Freq | Weighted freq (%, SE) | |
Sample | 1,909 | 20,970,670 |
Diabetes care | ||
Adults age 18 and over with diabetes who reported having a hemoglobin A1C measurement at least once in past year | ||
No | 154 | 1,488,476 (10.33, 1.01) |
Yes | 1,100 | 12,917,698 (89.67, 1.01) |
Adults age 18 and over with diabetes who reported having a blood cholesterol check in past year | ||
No | 334 | 3,309,511 (16.06, 1.04) |
Yes | 1,538 | 17,293,946 (83.94, 1.04) |
Adults age 18 and over with diabetes who reported having a retinal eye examination in past year | ||
No | 721 | 7,287,399 (35.29, 1.36) |
Yes | 1,153 | 13,360,820 (64.71, 1.36) |
Adults age 18 and over with diabetes who reported having a foot examination in past year | ||
No | 615 | 6,457,397 (31.37, 1.24) |
Yes | 1,260 | 14,125,295 (68.63, 1.24) |
Insurance | ||
Uninsured | 221 | 1,908,648 (9.1, 0.69) |
Medicaid | 262 | 2,176,448 (10.38, 0.79) |
Medicare | 499 | 5,155,017 (24.58, 1.2) |
Private | 894 | 11,388,888 (54.31, 1.46) |
Other public | 33 | 341,669 (1.63, 0.36) |
Race/ethnicity | ||
White | 827 | 13,283,395 (63.34, 1.69) |
Black | 469 | 3,302,095 (15.75, 1.13) |
Hispanic | 442 | 2,913,117 (13.89, 1.23) |
Other | 171 | 1,472,062 (7.02, 0.94) |
SES measures | ||
Poverty | ||
Poor/near poor/low income | 862 | 7,545,882 (35.98, 1.51) |
Middle income/high income | 1,047 | 13,424,787 (64.02, 1.51) |
Education | ||
Below bachelor | 1,605 | 16,735,710 (80.26, 1.21) |
Bachelor and higher degree | 292 | 4,117,048 (19.74, 1.21) |
Employment status | ||
Not employed | 1,148 | 12,277,233 (58.59, 1.46) |
Employed | 759 | 8,678,267 (41.41, 1.46) |
SES composite | ||
High SES | 148 | 2,070,328 (9.94, 0.87) |
Above-average SES | 512 | 6,431,076 (30.86, 1.39) |
Below-average SES | 619 | 7,046,991 (33.82, 1.2) |
Low SES | 616 | 5,289,193 (25.38, 1.28) |
Demographic measures | ||
Agea
| 1,909 | 60.56 (0.37) |
Sex | ||
Male | 844 | 10,258,465 (48.92, 1.3) |
Female | 1,065 | 10,712,204 (51.08, 1.3) |
Marital status | ||
Not married | 905 | 9,015,997 (42.99, 1.38) |
Married | 1,004 | 11,954,672 (57.01, 1.38) |
Health status | ||
Excellent/VG/good | 1,180 | 13,535,960 (64.58, 1.49) |
Fair/poor | 728 | 7,423,797 (35.42, 1.49) |
Any limitation | ||
No | 1,679 | 18,425,091 (87.95, 0.86) |
Yes | 228 | 2,524,808 (12.05, 0.86) |
Region | ||
Northeast | 279 | 3,513,472 (16.75, 1.56) |
Midwest | 387 | 4,642,834 (22.14, 1.16) |
South | 815 | 8,725,989 (41.61, 1.73) |
West | 428 | 4,088,375 (19.5, 1.22) |
Bivariate Results
Adults age 18 and over with diabetes who reported having a hemoglobin A1C measurement at least once in past year | Adults age 18 and over with diabetes who reported having a blood cholesterol check in past year | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Weighted freq | Percent | SE | n | Weighted freq | Percent | SE | |
Insurance (%) | 1,254 | 14,406,175 | *** | 1,872 | 20,603,457 | *** | ||
Total | 1,100 | 12,917,698 | 89.67 | 1.01 | 1,538 | 17,293,946 | 83.94 | 1.04 |
Uninsured | 103 | 943,385 | 73.60 | 3.97 | 134 | 1,090,390 | 57.95 | 3.73 |
Medicaid | 124 | 1,139,937 | 85.90 | 3.00 | 195 | 1,568,187 | 73.12 | 3.12 |
Medicare | 284 | 3,020,242 | 88.85 | 2.27 | 425 | 4,500,638 | 89.31 | 1.57 |
Private | 568 | 7,590,485 | 93.02 | 1.16 | 755 | 9,850,705 | 87.98 | 1.25 |
Other public | 21 | 223,649 | 93.82 | 4.43 | 29 | 284,024 | 83.13 | 8.96 |
Race/ethnicity | 1,254 | 14,406,175 | ** | 1,872 | 20,603,457 | ** | ||
Total | 1,100 | 12,917,698 | 89.67 | 1.01 | 1,538 | 17,293,946 | 83.94 | 1.04 |
White | 547 | 8,896,727 | 91.69 | 1.17 | 693 | 11,272,047 | 86.18 | 1.30 |
Black | 230 | 1,685,298 | 85.00 | 2.76 | 368 | 2,572,015 | 79.71 | 2.21 |
Hispanic | 239 | 1,561,417 | 88.82 | 1.93 | 336 | 2,243,624 | 78.76 | 2.41 |
Other | 84 | 774,256 | 80.49 | 4.59 | 141 | 1,206,259 | 83.26 | 3.20 |
SES | 1,245 | 14,320,501 | * | 1,858 | 20,470,375 | ** | ||
Total | 1,094 | 12,859,176 | 89.80 | 1.02 | 1,529 | 17,202,227 | 84.03 | 1.05 |
High SES | 116 | 1,689,937 | 95.51 | 1.94 | 131 | 1,907,421 | 92.92 | 1.88 |
Above-average SES | 306 | 4,042,849 | 89.83 | 1.93 | 413 | 5,275,993 | 83.17 | 1.89 |
Below-average SES | 350 | 4,255,916 | 90.31 | 1.65 | 502 | 5,810,215 | 83.59 | 1.69 |
Low SES | 322 | 2,870,474 | 86.00 | 1.86 | 483 | 4,208,598 | 82.15 | 1.79 |
Adults age 18 and over with diabetes who reported having a retinal eye examination in past year | Adults age 18 and over with diabetes who reported having a foot examination in past year | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Weighted freq | Percent | SE | n | Weighted freq | Percent | SE | |
Insurance (%) | 1,874 | 20,648,219 | *** | 1,875 | 20,582,692 | *** | ||
Total | 1,153 | 13,360,820 | 64.71 | 1.36 | 1,260 | 14,125,295 | 68.63 | 1.24 |
Uninsured | 79 | 682,175 | 36.13 | 4.03 | 110 | 975,685 | 52.11 | 3.78 |
Medicaid | 143 | 1,158,287 | 54.40 | 3.74 | 167 | 1,359,124 | 64.05 | 3.12 |
Medicare | 331 | 3,589,891 | 71.27 | 2.35 | 349 | 3,653,910 | 72.60 | 2.38 |
Private | 577 | 7,723,255 | 68.64 | 1.68 | 612 | 7,941,171 | 70.82 | 1.65 |
Other public | 23 | 207,211 | 60.65 | 10.32 | 22 | 195,405 | 57.19 | 8.80 |
Race/ethnicity | 1,874 | 20,648,219 | *** | 1,875 | 20,582,692 | * | ||
Total | 1,153 | 13,360,820 | 64.71 | 1.36 | 1,260 | 14,125,295 | 68.63 | 1.24 |
White | 532 | 8,921,318 | 68.05 | 1.65 | 560 | 9,142,210 | 70.21 | 1.71 |
Black | 286 | 2,040,083 | 63.17 | 2.60 | 306 | 2,102,141 | 64.81 | 2.62 |
Hispanic | 234 | 1,578,288 | 54.81 | 2.90 | 270 | 1,800,031 | 63.12 | 2.45 |
Other | 101 | 821,131 | 57.49 | 4.86 | 124 | 1,080,913 | 73.74 | 3.70 |
SES | 1,860 | 20,515,137 | 1,862 | 20,453,709 | ||||
Total | 1,147 | 13,292,690 | 64.79 | 1.38 | 1,252 | 14,034,604 | 68.62 | 1.24 |
High SES | 111 | 1,535,597 | 74.17 | 3.90 | 111 | 1,587,627 | 76.68 | 4.22 |
Above-average SES | 293 | 3,997,087 | 62.82 | 2.19 | 339 | 4,248,800 | 67.37 | 2.56 |
Below-average SES | 379 | 4,512,493 | 65.15 | 2.32 | 401 | 4,668,828 | 67.22 | 2.46 |
Low SES | 364 | 3,247,513 | 62.98 | 2.61 | 401 | 3,529,349 | 68.77 | 1.99 |
Multivariate Results
Odds ratio (95 % CI) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Adults age 18 and over with diabetes who reported having a hemoglobin A1C measurement at least once in past year | Adults age 18 and over with diabetes who reported having a blood cholesterol check in past year | Adults age 18 and over with diabetes who reported having a retinal eye examination in past year | Adults age 18 and over with diabetes who reported having a foot examination in past year | |
Insurance | ||||
Uninsured | 0.205*** (0.105 0.401) | 0.259*** (0.165 0.408) | 0.383*** (0.249 0.59) | 0.577** (0.391 0.851) |
Medicaid | 0.494 (0.231 1.059) | 0.502** (0.308 0.819) | 0.868 (0.548 1.375) | 0.946 (0.63 1.421) |
Medicare | 0.679 (0.341 1.354) | 0.765 (0.474 1.235) | 0.882 (0.632 1.232) | 0.888 (0.643 1.227) |
Other | 1.557 (0.33 7.338) | 0.95 (0.259 3.489) | 1.019 (0.404 2.569) | 0.748 (0.358 1.56) |
Private (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Race/ethnicity | ||||
Black | 0.538** (0.337 0.857) | 0.872 (0.608 1.25) | 1.115 (0.845 1.471) | 0.933 (0.693 1.256) |
Hispanic | 1.236 (0.696 2.195) | 1.026 (0.654 1.61) | 0.792 (0.578 1.085) | 1.099 (0.805 1.501) |
Other | 0.417** (0.223 0.779) | 0.989 (0.558 1.756) | 0.651 (0.409 1.035) | 1.5 (0.971 2.317) |
White (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
SES | ||||
High SES | 2.977* (1.016 8.724) | 2.567** (1.254 5.254) | 1.548 (0.932 2.573) | 1.695 (0.993 2.894) |
Above-average SES | 1.215 (0.616 2.397) | 0.847 (0.538 1.333) | 0.754 (0.532 1.07) | 0.984 (0.677 1.428) |
Below-average SES | 1.462 (0.863 2.476) | 0.941 (0.67 1.323) | 0.92 (0.679 1.248) | 0.911 (0.68 1.221) |
Low SES (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Age | 0.999 (0.976 1.022) | 1.03*** (1.017 1.042) | 1.029*** (1.019 1.04) | 1.019*** (1.008 1.03) |
Sex | ||||
Female | 1.312 (0.843 2.042) | 1.207 (0.908 1.605) | 1.347* (1.067 1.701) | 0.834 (0.634 1.097) |
Male (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Marital status | ||||
Not married | 0.949 (0.573 1.569) | 0.723 (0.508 1.03) | 0.511*** (0.395 0.66) | 0.845 (0.65 1.097) |
Married (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Health status | ||||
Fair/poor | 1.757* (1.049 2.942) | 1.189 (0.848 1.666) | 0.839 (0.642 1.095) | 1.129 (0.872 1.463) |
Excellent/VG/Good (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Any limitation | ||||
Yes | 0.958 (0.39 2.354) | 1.566 (0.928 2.644) | 0.818 (0.567 1.18) | 2.146*** (1.512 3.047) |
No (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Region | ||||
Northeast | 0.955 (0.486 1.875) | 1.892* (1.147 3.121) | 2.63*** (1.836 3.767) | 1.298 (0.838 2.009) |
Midwest | 1.473 (0.823 2.637) | 1.573* (1.052 2.353) | 1.357* (1.014 1.817) | 1.325 (0.983 1.784) |
West | 0.701 (0.39 1.259) | 1.266 (0.837 1.914) | 1.368 (0.984 1.904) | 0.741* (0.558 0.986) |
South (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |