Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Journal of Medical Systems 3/2010

01.06.2010 | Original Paper

Predictors of Informal Health Payments: The Example from Turkey

verfasst von: Hacer Özgen, Bayram Şahin, Paolo Belli, Mehtap Tatar, Peter Berman

Erschienen in: Journal of Medical Systems | Ausgabe 3/2010

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Little is known about the factors that can affect informal health payments in Turkey, which is pertinent given that Turkey has been undergoing and considering a series of reforms in the health sector. This paper aims to examine the predictors of informal payments in Turkey. The study surveyed a random sample of 3,727 people in a medium-sized city, of whom 706 received medical care for illness and/or non-illness related reasons, using a Turkey-specific version of a model questionnaire focused exclusively on informal out-of-pocket payments. Using multivariable logistic model, household health expenditure, health insurance, service type and provider ownership were found to be statistically significant predictors of informal payment. The findings suggest the supply side factors as the main drivers of informal payments and thus a need for radical changes in the supply side as well as actions to rebuild lost confidence in the health care system of Turkey.
Fußnoten
1
SSK (Social Insurance Organization) is a scheme for private sector employees and blue-collar public workers.
 
2
Bağ-Kur is a public scheme covering the self-employed, attached to the Ministry of Labor and Social Security.
 
3
GERF (Government Employees Retirement Fund) is the pension fund for retired civil servants.
 
4
Civil servants are active public employees whose health expenditures are financed through allocations from the government budget.
 
5
Green Card scheme covers people who have a certain level of income assessed based on minimum wage figures and, upon the approval of financial status, are issued a card to be used in State and university facilities.
 
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat WHO: What are the equity, efficiency, cost containment and choice implications of private health-care funding in western Europe? Health Evidence Network (HEN) Report, 2004. WHO: What are the equity, efficiency, cost containment and choice implications of private health-care funding in western Europe? Health Evidence Network (HEN) Report, 2004.
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Belli, P., Shahriari, H., and Curtio Medical Group, Qualitative study on informal payments for health services in Georgia. HNP Discussion Paper, Washington: World Bank, 2002. Belli, P., Shahriari, H., and Curtio Medical Group, Qualitative study on informal payments for health services in Georgia. HNP Discussion Paper, Washington: World Bank, 2002.
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Killingsworth, J., Hossain, N., Hendrick-Wong, Y., Thomas, S., Rahman, A., and Begum, T., Unofficial fees in Bangladesh: price, equity and institutional issues. Health Policy Plan. 14 (2)152–163, 1999. doi:10.1093/heapol/14.2.152.CrossRef Killingsworth, J., Hossain, N., Hendrick-Wong, Y., Thomas, S., Rahman, A., and Begum, T., Unofficial fees in Bangladesh: price, equity and institutional issues. Health Policy Plan. 14 (2)152–163, 1999. doi:10.​1093/​heapol/​14.​2.​152.CrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat McPake, B., Asiimwe, D., Mwesigye, F., Ofumbi, M., Orteublad, L., and Stree, P., Informal economic activities of public health workers in Uganda: implications for quality and accessibility of care. Soc. Sci. Med. 49:849–865, 1999. doi:10.1016/S0277-9536(99)00144-6.CrossRef McPake, B., Asiimwe, D., Mwesigye, F., Ofumbi, M., Orteublad, L., and Stree, P., Informal economic activities of public health workers in Uganda: implications for quality and accessibility of care. Soc. Sci. Med. 49:849–865, 1999. doi:10.​1016/​S0277-9536(99)00144-6.CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Lewis, M., Who is paying for health care in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The World Bank, Washington, DC: Human Development Sector Unit, Europe and Central Asia, Region, 2000. Lewis, M., Who is paying for health care in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The World Bank, Washington, DC: Human Development Sector Unit, Europe and Central Asia, Region, 2000.
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Mossialos, E., Dixon, A., Figueras, J., and Kutzin, J., Funding health care: Options for Europe. European Observatory on Health Care Systems, Coppenhagen, 2002. Mossialos, E., Dixon, A., Figueras, J., and Kutzin, J., Funding health care: Options for Europe. European Observatory on Health Care Systems, Coppenhagen, 2002.
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Gaal, P., Informal payments for health care in Hungary. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Department of Public Health and Policy, Health Services Research Unit. University of London, London, 2004. Gaal, P., Informal payments for health care in Hungary. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Department of Public Health and Policy, Health Services Research Unit. University of London, London, 2004.
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Vian, T., Gryboski, K., Sinoimeri, Z., and Clifford, H. R., Informal payments in the public health sector in Albania: A qualitative study. Final Report, July 2004. Vian, T., Gryboski, K., Sinoimeri, Z., and Clifford, H. R., Informal payments in the public health sector in Albania: A qualitative study. Final Report, July 2004.
20.
24.
Zurück zum Zitat CEEHN (Central and Eastern European Health Network), Formal and informal household spending on health: A multicountry study in Central and Eastern Europe, CEEHN, 2002. CEEHN (Central and Eastern European Health Network), Formal and informal household spending on health: A multicountry study in Central and Eastern Europe, CEEHN, 2002.
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Shahriari, H., Belli, P., and Lewis, M. Institutional issues in informal health payments in Poland: Report on the qualitative part of the study. Health, nutrition, and population, population reproductive health thematic group of the World Bank, 2001. Shahriari, H., Belli, P., and Lewis, M. Institutional issues in informal health payments in Poland: Report on the qualitative part of the study. Health, nutrition, and population, population reproductive health thematic group of the World Bank, 2001.
27.
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Henry, G. T., Practical sampling. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, 1990. Henry, G. T., Practical sampling. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, 1990.
31.
Zurück zum Zitat O’Donnell, O., Analyzing Health Equity Using Household Survey Data: A Guide to Techniques and Their Implementation. The World Bank, Washington, DC, USA, 2008. O’Donnell, O., Analyzing Health Equity Using Household Survey Data: A Guide to Techniques and Their Implementation. The World Bank, Washington, DC, USA, 2008.
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Ministry of Health Performance management in health: performance based supplementary payment system. Transformation in health series 7, 2007. Ministry of Health Performance management in health: performance based supplementary payment system. Transformation in health series 7, 2007.
35.
Zurück zum Zitat WHO, HIT (Health Care Systems in Transition) on Hungary. European Observatory on Health Care Systems. WHO, Copenhagen, 1999. WHO, HIT (Health Care Systems in Transition) on Hungary. European Observatory on Health Care Systems. WHO, Copenhagen, 1999.
Metadaten
Titel
Predictors of Informal Health Payments: The Example from Turkey
verfasst von
Hacer Özgen
Bayram Şahin
Paolo Belli
Mehtap Tatar
Peter Berman
Publikationsdatum
01.06.2010
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Journal of Medical Systems / Ausgabe 3/2010
Print ISSN: 0148-5598
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-689X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-008-9251-8

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2010

Journal of Medical Systems 3/2010 Zur Ausgabe