Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Journal of Religion and Health 5/2015

01.10.2015 | Original Paper

Posttraumatic Growth in Widowed and Non-widowed Older Adults: Religiosity and Sense of Coherence

verfasst von: J. López, C. Camilli, C. Noriega

Erschienen in: Journal of Religion and Health | Ausgabe 5/2015

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Older people may experience psychological growth following a life major event. The objective of this study is to analyze the degree of posttraumatic growth (PTG) developed by widowed and non-widowed older adults (n = 103) as well as the impact of possible predicting variables such as sociodemographic characteristics, experienced or witnessed life major events, religiosity and sense of coherence. The findings suggest that, in spite of widowhood, elder people develop PTG in the same way that non-widowed elder people. Therefore, the support of a religious community, age, life major events experienced and the subjective meaning given to them correlated with PTG.
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Aguerre, C., & Bouffard, L. (2008). Envejecimiento exitoso: teorías, investigaciones y aplicaciones clínicas [Successful aging: Theory, research and clinical aplications]. Revista de la Asociación Colombiana de Geriatría y Gerontología, 22, 1146–1162. Aguerre, C., & Bouffard, L. (2008). Envejecimiento exitoso: teorías, investigaciones y aplicaciones clínicas [Successful aging: Theory, research and clinical aplications]. Revista de la Asociación Colombiana de Geriatría y Gerontología, 22, 1146–1162.
Zurück zum Zitat Almanza, J., Monroy, M., Bimbela, A., Payne, D. K., & Holland, J. C. (2000). Spanish version of the systems of belief inventory (SBI-15-R): Cross cultural research on spiritual and religious beliefs. Psychosomatics, 41, 158. Almanza, J., Monroy, M., Bimbela, A., Payne, D. K., & Holland, J. C. (2000). Spanish version of the systems of belief inventory (SBI-15-R): Cross cultural research on spiritual and religious beliefs. Psychosomatics, 41, 158.
Zurück zum Zitat American Psychiatric Association (APA). (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR). Washington: American Psychiatric Association.CrossRef American Psychiatric Association (APA). (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR). Washington: American Psychiatric Association.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Antonovsky, A. (1987). Unraveling the mystery of health. How people manage stress and stay well. San Francisco: Jossey- Bass Publishers. Antonovsky, A. (1987). Unraveling the mystery of health. How people manage stress and stay well. San Francisco: Jossey- Bass Publishers.
Zurück zum Zitat Arinero, M. (2006). Análisis de la eficacia de un programa de intervención psicológico para víctimas de violencia doméstica Analysis of the effectiveness of a psychological intervention program for domestic violence victims.(Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University Complutense de Madrid, Madrid. Arinero, M. (2006). Análisis de la eficacia de un programa de intervención psicológico para víctimas de violencia doméstica Analysis of the effectiveness of a psychological intervention program for domestic violence victims.(Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University Complutense de Madrid, Madrid.
Zurück zum Zitat Calhoun, L. G., Cann, A., Tedeschi, R. G., & McMillan, J. (2000). A correlational test of relationships between posttraumatic growth, religion and cognitive processing. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 13, 521–527. doi:10.1023/A:1007745627077.CrossRefPubMed Calhoun, L. G., Cann, A., Tedeschi, R. G., & McMillan, J. (2000). A correlational test of relationships between posttraumatic growth, religion and cognitive processing. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 13, 521–527. doi:10.​1023/​A:​1007745627077.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Calhoun, L., & Tedeschi, R. (2006). The foundations of posttraumatic growth: An expanded framework. In L. Calhoun & R. Tedeschi (Eds.), Handbook of posttraumatic growth: Research and practice (pp. 3–23). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Calhoun, L., & Tedeschi, R. (2006). The foundations of posttraumatic growth: An expanded framework. In L. Calhoun & R. Tedeschi (Eds.), Handbook of posttraumatic growth: Research and practice (pp. 3–23). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Zurück zum Zitat Echeburúa, E., Corral, P., Amor, P. J., Zubizarreta, I., & Sarasua, B. (1997). Escala de gravedad de síntomas del trastorno de estrés postraumático: propiedades psicométricas [The severity of symptom scale of posttraumatic stress disorder: Psychometric properties]. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, 23, 503–526. Echeburúa, E., Corral, P., Amor, P. J., Zubizarreta, I., & Sarasua, B. (1997). Escala de gravedad de síntomas del trastorno de estrés postraumático: propiedades psicométricas [The severity of symptom scale of posttraumatic stress disorder: Psychometric properties]. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, 23, 503–526.
Zurück zum Zitat Frankl, V. E. (1963). Man´s search for meaning: An introduction to logotherapy. New York: Washington Square Press. Frankl, V. E. (1963). Man´s search for meaning: An introduction to logotherapy. New York: Washington Square Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Fredrikson, B. L., Tugade, M. M., Waugh, C. E., & Larkin, G. R. (2003). What Good are Positive Emotions in Crises? A prospective study of resilience and emotions following the terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11th, 2001. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 365–376. doi:10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.300.CrossRef Fredrikson, B. L., Tugade, M. M., Waugh, C. E., & Larkin, G. R. (2003). What Good are Positive Emotions in Crises? A prospective study of resilience and emotions following the terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11th, 2001. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 365–376. doi:10.​1037/​1089-2680.​2.​3.​300.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Fromm, E. (1942). The fear of freedom. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. Fromm, E. (1942). The fear of freedom. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Zurück zum Zitat García-Montalvo, J. I., Rodríguez, L., & Ruipérez, I. (1992). Validación del cuestionario de Pfeiffer y la escala de incapacidad mental de la Cruz Roja en la detección del deterioro mental en los pacientes externos de un servicio de Geriatría [Validation of the Pfeiffer Questionnaire and the Red Cross Cognitive Incapacity to detect cognitive impairment in a outpatient geriatric service]. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 27, 129–133. García-Montalvo, J. I., Rodríguez, L., & Ruipérez, I. (1992). Validación del cuestionario de Pfeiffer y la escala de incapacidad mental de la Cruz Roja en la detección del deterioro mental en los pacientes externos de un servicio de Geriatría [Validation of the Pfeiffer Questionnaire and the Red Cross Cognitive Incapacity to detect cognitive impairment in a outpatient geriatric service]. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 27, 129–133.
Zurück zum Zitat Garlick, M. A. (2009). Physical, psychological, spiritual, and posttraumatic growth experiences of women with breast cancer participating in a psychospiritual integration and transformation course. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B. Sciences and Engineering, 70(5), 2882. Garlick, M. A. (2009). Physical, psychological, spiritual, and posttraumatic growth experiences of women with breast cancer participating in a psychospiritual integration and transformation course. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B. Sciences and Engineering, 70(5), 2882.
Zurück zum Zitat Heckhausen, J. (2001). Adaptation and resilience in midlife. In M. E. Lachman (Ed.), Handbook of midlife development (pp. 345–394). New York: John Wiley. Heckhausen, J. (2001). Adaptation and resilience in midlife. In M. E. Lachman (Ed.), Handbook of midlife development (pp. 345–394). New York: John Wiley.
Zurück zum Zitat Jimenez, M. G. (2008). Resiliencia y vejez [Resilience and elderly]. Informes Portal Mayores, 80, Madrid: Instituto de Mayores y Servicios Sociales (IMSERSO). Jimenez, M. G. (2008). Resiliencia y vejez [Resilience and elderly]. Informes Portal Mayores, 80, Madrid: Instituto de Mayores y Servicios Sociales (IMSERSO).
Zurück zum Zitat Kira, I. A., Templin, T., Lewandowski, L., Clifford, D., Wiencek, P., Hammad, A., et al. (2006). The effects of torture: Two community studies. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 12, 205–228. doi:10.1207/s15327949pac1203_1.CrossRef Kira, I. A., Templin, T., Lewandowski, L., Clifford, D., Wiencek, P., Hammad, A., et al. (2006). The effects of torture: Two community studies. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 12, 205–228. doi:10.​1207/​s15327949pac1203​_​1.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Klauer, T., Ferring, D., & Filliph, F. H. (1988). Still stable after this…? Temporal comparison in coping with severe and chronic disease. International Journal Behavioral Development, 22, 339–355. doi:10.1080/016502598384405.CrossRef Klauer, T., Ferring, D., & Filliph, F. H. (1988). Still stable after this…? Temporal comparison in coping with severe and chronic disease. International Journal Behavioral Development, 22, 339–355. doi:10.​1080/​016502598384405.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Koenig, H. (2009). Research on religion, spirituality and mental health: A review. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 54, 283–291. Koenig, H. (2009). Research on religion, spirituality and mental health: A review. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 54, 283–291.
Zurück zum Zitat Mancini, A. D., Bonanno, G. A., & Clark, A. E. (2011). Stepping off the hedonic treadmill: Latent class analyses of individual differences in response to major life events. Journal of Individual Differences, 32, 144–152. doi:10.1027/1614-0001/a000047.CrossRef Mancini, A. D., Bonanno, G. A., & Clark, A. E. (2011). Stepping off the hedonic treadmill: Latent class analyses of individual differences in response to major life events. Journal of Individual Differences, 32, 144–152. doi:10.​1027/​1614-0001/​a000047.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Miles, R. C. (2008). Identity and meaning construction in multiple-widowhood. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B. Sciences and Engineering, 69(2), 1336. Miles, R. C. (2008). Identity and meaning construction in multiple-widowhood. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B. Sciences and Engineering, 69(2), 1336.
Zurück zum Zitat Pargament, K., Desai, K., & McConnell, K. (2006). Spirituality: A pathway to posttraumatic growth or decline? In L. Calhoun & R. Tedeschi (Eds.), Handbook of posttraumatic growth: Research and practice (pp. 121–137). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Pargament, K., Desai, K., & McConnell, K. (2006). Spirituality: A pathway to posttraumatic growth or decline? In L. Calhoun & R. Tedeschi (Eds.), Handbook of posttraumatic growth: Research and practice (pp. 121–137). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Zurück zum Zitat Pérez-Sales, P. (2006). Trauma, culpa y duelo [Trauma, guilt and bereavement]. Bilbao: Desclée de Brouwer. Pérez-Sales, P. (2006). Trauma, culpa y duelo [Trauma, guilt and bereavement]. Bilbao: Desclée de Brouwer.
Zurück zum Zitat Powell, S., Rosner, R., Butollo, W., Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (2003). Posttraumatic growth after war: A study with former refugees and displaced people in Sarajevo. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 59, 71–83. doi:10.1002/jclp.10117.CrossRefPubMed Powell, S., Rosner, R., Butollo, W., Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (2003). Posttraumatic growth after war: A study with former refugees and displaced people in Sarajevo. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 59, 71–83. doi:10.​1002/​jclp.​10117.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Pretter, S. (2002). Religiosity, social support, and sense of coherence as psychosocial resources for caregiving spouses of terminally ill cancer patients. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B. Sciences and Engineering, 63(3), 1611. Pretter, S. (2002). Religiosity, social support, and sense of coherence as psychosocial resources for caregiving spouses of terminally ill cancer patients. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B. Sciences and Engineering, 63(3), 1611.
Zurück zum Zitat Rogers, K. (1961). On becoming a person: A therapist´s view of psychotherapy. London: Constable. Rogers, K. (1961). On becoming a person: A therapist´s view of psychotherapy. London: Constable.
Zurück zum Zitat Salmon, P., Manzi, F., & Valori, R. M. (1996). Measuring the meaning of life for patients with incurable cáncer: The Life Evaluation Questionnaire (LEQ). European Journal of Cancer, 32, 755–760. doi:10.1016/0959-8049(95)00643-5.CrossRef Salmon, P., Manzi, F., & Valori, R. M. (1996). Measuring the meaning of life for patients with incurable cáncer: The Life Evaluation Questionnaire (LEQ). European Journal of Cancer, 32, 755–760. doi:10.​1016/​0959-8049(95)00643-5.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sánchez, P., Algado, M. T., Centelles, F., López, J., & Jiménez, B. (2009). Viudedaz y vejez. Estrategias de adaptación a la viudedaz de las personas mayores en España [Widowhood and elderly: Coping estrategies of widowed older adults in Spain]. Valencia: Na Llibres. Sánchez, P., Algado, M. T., Centelles, F., López, J., & Jiménez, B. (2009). Viudedaz y vejez. Estrategias de adaptación a la viudedaz de las personas mayores en España [Widowhood and elderly: Coping estrategies of widowed older adults in Spain]. Valencia: Na Llibres.
Zurück zum Zitat Seligman, M. (2008). Authentic happiness. New York: The Free Press. Seligman, M. (2008). Authentic happiness. New York: The Free Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Shakespeare-Finch, J., & Armstrong, D. (2010). Trauma type and posttrauma outcomes: Differences between survivors of motor vehicle accidents, sexual assault and bereavement. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 15, 69–82. doi:10.1080/15325020903373151.CrossRef Shakespeare-Finch, J., & Armstrong, D. (2010). Trauma type and posttrauma outcomes: Differences between survivors of motor vehicle accidents, sexual assault and bereavement. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 15, 69–82. doi:10.​1080/​1532502090337315​1.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Tracy, T. L. (1992). Social support and sense of coherence as predictors of spousal grief during the first few months of bereavement. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B. Sciences and Engineering, 53(5), 2574. Tracy, T. L. (1992). Social support and sense of coherence as predictors of spousal grief during the first few months of bereavement. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B. Sciences and Engineering, 53(5), 2574.
Zurück zum Zitat Vázquez, C., & Castilla, C. (2007). Emociones positivas y crecimiento postraumático en el cáncer de mama [Positive emotions and posttraumatic growth following breast cancer]. Psicooncología, 4, 385–404. Vázquez, C., & Castilla, C. (2007). Emociones positivas y crecimiento postraumático en el cáncer de mama [Positive emotions and posttraumatic growth following breast cancer]. Psicooncología, 4, 385–404.
Zurück zum Zitat Vázquez, C., Castilla, C., & Hervás, G. (2009). Reacciones frente al trauma: vulnerabilidad, resistencia y crecimiento [Reactions to trauma: Vulnerability, resilience and growth]. In Fernández-Abascal E. (Coord.) Emociones positivas [Positive emotions]. (pp. 375–392). Madrid: Pirámide. Vázquez, C., Castilla, C., & Hervás, G. (2009). Reacciones frente al trauma: vulnerabilidad, resistencia y crecimiento [Reactions to trauma: Vulnerability, resilience and growth]. In Fernández-Abascal E. (Coord.) Emociones positivas [Positive emotions]. (pp. 375–392). Madrid: Pirámide.
Zurück zum Zitat Vecina, M. L. (2006). Emociones positivas [Positive emotions]. Papeles del Psicólogo, 27, 9–17. Vecina, M. L. (2006). Emociones positivas [Positive emotions]. Papeles del Psicólogo, 27, 9–17.
Zurück zum Zitat Virués-Ortega, J., Martínez-Martín, P., Del Barrio, J. L., & Lozano, L. M. (2007). Validación transcultural de la escala de sentido de coherencia de Antonovsky (OLQ-13) en ancianos mayores de 70 años [Cross-cultural validation of Antonovsky’s sense of coherence scale (OLQ-13) in Spanish elders aged 70 years or more]. Medicina Clínica, 128, 486–492. doi:10.1157/13100935.CrossRefPubMed Virués-Ortega, J., Martínez-Martín, P., Del Barrio, J. L., & Lozano, L. M. (2007). Validación transcultural de la escala de sentido de coherencia de Antonovsky (OLQ-13) en ancianos mayores de 70 años [Cross-cultural validation of Antonovsky’s sense of coherence scale (OLQ-13) in Spanish elders aged 70 years or more]. Medicina Clínica, 128, 486–492. doi:10.​1157/​13100935.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Walker, L. E. (2007). The relationship of self-esteem, spirituality, negative emotional symptoms and locus of control to posttraumatic growth in older, middle class adults. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B. Sciences and Engineering, 68(1), 7681. Walker, L. E. (2007). The relationship of self-esteem, spirituality, negative emotional symptoms and locus of control to posttraumatic growth in older, middle class adults. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B. Sciences and Engineering, 68(1), 7681.
Zurück zum Zitat Wortman, C. B., Silver, R. C., & Kessler, R. C. (1993). The meaning of loss and adjustment to bereavement. In M. S. Stroebe, W. Stroebe, & R. O. Hansson (Eds.), Bereavement: A sourcebook of research and interventions (pp. 349–366). London: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef Wortman, C. B., Silver, R. C., & Kessler, R. C. (1993). The meaning of loss and adjustment to bereavement. In M. S. Stroebe, W. Stroebe, & R. O. Hansson (Eds.), Bereavement: A sourcebook of research and interventions (pp. 349–366). London: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Posttraumatic Growth in Widowed and Non-widowed Older Adults: Religiosity and Sense of Coherence
verfasst von
J. López
C. Camilli
C. Noriega
Publikationsdatum
01.10.2015
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Journal of Religion and Health / Ausgabe 5/2015
Print ISSN: 0022-4197
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-6571
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-014-9876-5

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 5/2015

Journal of Religion and Health 5/2015 Zur Ausgabe