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Effect of gestational protein deficiency and excess on hepatic expression of genes related to cell cycle and proliferation in offspring from late gestation to finishing phase in pig

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Abstract

Maternal diet during gestation is known to affect offspring phenotype induction. In the present study the influence of maternal protein restriction and excess during gestation on offspring candidate gene expression was analysed. German Landrace gilts were fed control, low protein (LP) or high protein (HP) diet throughout gestation (n = 18 per diet group). After birth piglets were cross-fostered and lactated by control diet fed nursing sows. Samples of offspring liver tissue were taken at foetal, newborn, weaning and finishing phase (n = 16, respectively). Transcript amount of selected candidate genes related to cell cycle and cell proliferation was estimated by quantitative real-time PCR. Maternal protein restriction influenced gene expression of candidate genes CCND2, GADD45B, GALK1, GSTP1, MARCKS, MGMT, NEAT1, PSEN1, SNX1 and TRPM7 in liver from foetuses, newborn piglets, weaned and/or finisher pigs. In the offspring of mothers fed a HP diet expression of target genes was affected exclusively in finisher pigs showing increased transcript amount of CCND2, GALK1, MARCKS, SNX1 and TRPM7. The results of the present study clearly show a long-lasting impact of the maternal protein supply during gestation on offspring candidate genes. Remarkably, effects of gestational HP diet became evident in finisher pigs while LP supply already alters genes expression in foetal tissue. Thus it is suggested that LP and HP supply affect the offspring in utero by different physiological mechanisms with the consequence of late effects in case of prenatal protein excess in contrast to early effects in case of protein restriction.

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Acknowledgments

This work originates from the project “Epigenetic mechanisms” and is part of the joint research project “FEPROeXPRESS” under the framework of the FUGATOplus funding initiative by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (FKZ 0315132A; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF, Germany). The authors gratefully acknowledge all people who take part in designing of the animal study. We are grateful for the excellent assistance with sample collection to the technical staff of the research units ‘Nutritional Physiology’, ‘Muscle Biology and Growth’, and ‘Behavioural Physiology’, ‘Molecular Biology’ (all Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology).

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The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Group ‘Functional Genomics’, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany

    Simone Altmann, Manfred Schwerin & Siriluck Ponsuksili

  2. Research Unit ‘Molecular Biology’, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany

    Eduard Murani & Klaus Wimmers

  3. Research Unit Nutritional Physiology “Oskar Kellner”, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany

    Cornelia C. Metges

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  1. Simone Altmann
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Correspondence to Siriluck Ponsuksili.

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Altmann, S., Murani, E., Metges, C.C. et al. Effect of gestational protein deficiency and excess on hepatic expression of genes related to cell cycle and proliferation in offspring from late gestation to finishing phase in pig. Mol Biol Rep 39, 7095–7104 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-012-1541-z

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