Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Synthesis of magnetic core–shell Fe3O4–Au nanoparticle for biomolecule immobilization and detection

  • Research paper
  • Published:
Journal of Nanoparticle Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The production of monodispersed magnetic nanoparticles with appropriate surface modification has attracted increasing attention in biomedical applications including drug delivery, separation, and purification of biomolecules from the matrices. In the present study, we report rapid and room temperature reaction synthesis of gold-coated iron nanoparticles in aqueous solution using the borohydride reduction of HAuCl4 under sonication for the first time. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Surface charges and magnetic properties of the nanoparticles were also examined. The pattern of Fe3O4 nanoparticles is face centered cubic with an average diameter of 9.5 nm and the initial reduction of gold on the surface of Fe3O4 particles exhibits uniform Fe3O4–Au nanoparticles with an average diameter of 12.5 nm. The saturation magnetization values for the uncoated and gold-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles were found to be 30 and 4.5 emu/g, respectively, at 300 K. The progression of binding events between boronic acid terminated ligand shell and fructose based on the covalent bonding interaction was measured by absorbance spectral changes. Immunomagnetic separation was also performed at different E. coli concentration to evaluate capturing efficiency of resulting nanoparticles. Immunomagnetic separation percentages were varied in a range of 52.1 and 21.9% depend on the initial bacteria counts.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ban Z, Barnaov YA, Li F, Golup VO, O’Conner CJ (2005) The synthesis of core shell iron@gold nanoparticles and their characterization. J Mater Chem 15:4660–4662

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown LO, Hutchison JE (1997) Convenient preparation of stable, narrow-dispersity, gold nanocrystals by ligand exchange reactions. J Am Chem Soc 119(50):12384–12385

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown LO, Hutchison JE (1999) Controlled growth of gold nanoparticles during ligand exchange. J Am Chem Soc 121(4):882–883

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter EE (2001) Iron nanoparticles as potential magnetic carriers. J Magn Magn Mater 225(1–2):17–20

    Article  CAS  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter EE, Kumbhar A, Wiemann JA, Srikanth H, Wiggins J, Zhou W et al (2000) Synthesis and magnetic properties of gold-iron-gold nanocomposites. Mater Sci Eng A 286(1):81–86

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chamberlin RV, Humfeld KD, Farrell D, Yamamuro S, Ijiri Y, Majetich SA (2002) Magnetic relaxation of iron nanoparticles. J Appl Phys 91(10):6961–6963

    Article  CAS  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen M, Nikles DE (1999) Chain-of-cubes iron nanoparticles prepared by borohydride reduction of acicular akaganeite particles. J Appl Phys 85(8):5504–5506

    Article  CAS  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen M, Yamamuro S, Farrell D, Majetich SA (2003) Gold-coated iron nanoparticles for biomedical applications. J Appl Phys 93(10):7551–7553

    Article  CAS  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Chilkoti A, Stayton PS (1995) Molecular-origins of the slow streptavidin-biotin dissociation kinetics. J Am Chem Soc 117(43):10622–10628

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cho SJ, Idrobo JC, Olamit J, Liu K, Browning ND, Kauzlarich SM (2005) Growth mechanisms and oxidation resistance of gold-coated iron nanoparticles. Chem Mater 17(12):3181–3186

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chouly C, Pouliquen D, Lucet I, Jeune JJ, Jallet P (1996) Development of superparamagnetic nanoparticles for MRI: effect of particle size, charge and surface nature on biodistribution. J Microencapsul 13(3):245–255

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gu HW, Zheng R, Zhang X, Xu B (2004) Facile one-pot synthesis of bifunctional heterodimers of nanoparticles: a conjugate of quantum dot and magnetic nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 126(18):5664–5665

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta AK, Gupta M (2005) Synthesis and surface engineering of iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Biomaterials 26(18):3995–4021

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heitsch AT, Smith DK, Patel RN, Ress D, Korgel BA (2008) Multifunctional particles: magnetic nanocrystals and gold nanorods coated with fluorescent dye-doped silica shells. J Solid State Chem 181(7):1590–1599

    Article  CAS  PubMed  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Hosseinkhani H (2006) DNA nanoparticles for gene delivery to cells and tissue. Int J Nanotechnol 3(4):416–461

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hosseinkhani H, Hosseinkhani M (2009) Biodegradable polymer-metal complexes for gene and drug delivery. Curr Drug Saf 4(1):79–83

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hosseinkhani H, Tabata Y (2006) Self assembly of DNA nanoparticles with polycations for the delivery of genetic materials into cells. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 6(8):2320–2328

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hosseinkhani H, Aoyamaa T, Ogawab O, Tabataa Y (2003) Tumor targeting of gene expression through metal-coordinated conjugation with dextran. J Control Release 88:297–312

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hosseinkhani H, Hosseinkhani M, Gabrielson NP, Pack DW, Khademhosseini A, Kobayashi H (2008) DNA nanoparticles encapsulated in 3D tissue-engineered scaffolds enhance osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 85:47–60

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jeong J, Ha TH, Chung BH (2006) Enhanced reusability of hexa-arginine-tagged esterase immobilized on gold-coated magnetic nanoparticles. Anal Chim Acta 569(1–2):203–209

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kalinin NL, Ward LD, Winzor DJ (1995) Effects of solute multivalence on the evaluation of binding constants by biosensor technology-studies with concanavalin-a and interleukin-6 as partitioning proteins. J Anal Biochem 228(2):238–244

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee S, Perez Luna VH (2005) Dextran-gold nanoparticle hybrid material for biomolecule immobilization and detection. Anal Chem 77(22):7204–7211

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee JH, Huh YM, Jun YW, Seo JW, Jang JT, Song HT et al (2007) Artificially engineered magnetic nanoparticles for ultra-sensitive molecular imaging. Nat Med 13(1):95–99

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lin J, Zhou W, Kumbhar A, Wiemann J, Fang J, Carpenter EE et al (2001) Gold-coated iron (Fe@Au) nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and magnetic field-induced self-assembly. J Solid State Chem 159(1):26–31

    Article  CAS  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lu Y, Yin YD, Mayers BT, Xia YN (2002) Modifying the surface properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles through a sol-gel approach. Nano Lett 2(3):183–186

    Article  CAS  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lyon JL, Fleming DA, Stone MB, Schiffer P, Williams ME (2004) Synthesis of Fe oxide core/Au shell nanoparticles by iterative hydroxylamine seeding. Nano Lett 4(4):719–723

    Article  CAS  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Mader HS, Wolfbeis OS (2008) Boronic acid based probes for microdetermination of saccharides and glycosylated biomolecules. Microchim Acta 162(1–2):1–34

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mandal M, Kundu S, Ghosh SK, Panigrahi S, Sau TK, Yusuf SM et al (2005) Magnetite nanoparticles with tunable gold or silver shell. J Colloid Interface Sci 286(1):187–194

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meldrum FC, Heywood BR, Mann S (1992) Magnetoferritin—in vitro synthesis of a novel magnetic protein. Science 257(5069):522–523

    Article  CAS  PubMed  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Mikhaylova M, Kim DK, Bobrysheva N, Osmolowsky M, Semenov V, Tsakalatos T et al (2004) Superparamagnetism of magnetite nanoparticles: dependence on surface modification. Langmuir 20(6):2472–2477

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pham TTH, Cao C, Sim SJ (2008) Application of citrate-stabilized gold coated ferric oxide composite nanoparticles for biological separations. J Magn Magn Mater 320:2049–2055

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Seo WS, Lee JH, Sun XM, Suzuki Y, Mann D, Liu Z, Terashima M, Yang PC, Mcconnell MV, Niohimura DG, Dai HJ (2006) FeCo/graphitic-shell nanocrystals as advanced magnetic-resonance-imaging and near-infrared agents. Nat Mater 5(12):971–976

    Article  CAS  PubMed  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Storm G, Belliot SO, Daemen T, Lasic DD (1995) Surface modification of nanoparticles to oppose uptake by the mononuclear phagocyte system. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 17(1):31–48

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stuart DA, Haes AJ, Yonzon CR, Hicks EM, Van Duyne RP (2005) Biological applications of localised surface plasmonic phenomenae. IEE Proc Nanobiotechnol 152(1):13–32

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Subramani K, Hosseinkhani H, Khraisat A, Hosseinkhani M, Pathak Y (2009) Targeting nanoparticles as drug delivery systems for cancer treatment. Curr Nanosci 5(2):134–140

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sun SH, Murray CB, Weller D, Folks L, Moser A (2000) Monodisperse FePt nanoparticles and ferromagnetic FePt nanocrystal superlattices. Science 287(5460):1989–1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka T, Matsunaya T (2000) Fully automated chemiluminescence immunoassay of insulin using antibody-protein A-bacterial magnetic particle complexes. Anal Chem 72(15):3518–3522

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ugelstad J, Mork PC, Kaggerud KH, Ellingsen T, Berge A (1980) Swelling of oligomer-polymer particles. New methods of preparation of emulsions and polymer dispersions. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 13(1–2):101–140

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang LY, Luo J, Maye MM, Fan Q, Rendeng Q, Engelhard MH et al (2005a) Iron oxide-gold core-shell nanoparticles and thin film assembly. J Mater Chem 15(18):1821–1832

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang LY, Luo J, Fan Q, Suzuki M, Suzuki IS, Engelhard MH, Lin YH, Kim N, Wang JQ, Zhong CJ (2005b) Monodispersed core-shell Fe3O4@Au nanoparticles. J Phys Chem B 109(46):21593–21601

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Warner MG, Reed SM, Hutchision JE (2000) Small, water-soluble, ligand-stabilized gold nanoparticles synthesized by interfacial ligand exchange reactions. Chem Mater 12(11):3316–3320

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weare WW, Reed SM, Warner MG, Hutchison JE (2000) Improved synthesis of small (d(CORE) approximate to 1.5 nm) phosphine-stabilized gold nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 122(51):12890–12891

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weissledel R, Moure A, Mahmood U, Bhorade R, Benveniste M, Chiocca E et al (2000) In vivo magnetic resonance imaging of transgene expression. Nat Med 6(3):351–355

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Widder KJ, Senge AE, Ranney DF (1980) Invitro release of biologically-active adriamycin by magnetically responsive albumin microspheres. Cancer Res 40(10):3512–3517

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xu H, Cui L, Tong N, Gu H (2006) Development of high magnetization Fe3O4/polystyrene/silica nanospheres via combined miniemulsion/emulsion polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 128(49):15582–15583

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xu Z, Hou Y, Sun S (2007) Magnetic core/shell Fe3O4/Au and Fe3O4/Au/Ag nanoparticles with tunable plasmonic properties. J Am Chem Soc 129:8698–8699

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xu C, Xie J, Ho D, Wang C, Kohler N, Walsh EG, Morgan JR, Chin YE, Sun S (2008) Au-Fe3O4 Dumbbell nanoparticles as dual functional probes. Angew Chem Int Ed 47:173–176

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamazaki M, Ito M (1990) Deformation and instability in membrane-structure of phospholipid-vesicles caused by osmophobic association mechanical-stress model for the mechanism of poly(ethylene glycol)-induced membrane-fusion. Biochemistry 29(5):1309–1314

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yonezawa T, Yasui K, Kimizuka N (2001) Controlled formation of smaller gold nanoparticles by the use of four-chained disulfide stabilizer. Langmuir 17(2):271–273

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Kohler N, Zhang MQ (2002) Surface modification of superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles and their intracellular uptake. Biomaterials 23(7):1553–1561

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao MQ, Sun L, Crooks RM (1998) Preparation of Cu nanoclusters within dendrimer templates. J Am Chem Soc 120(19):4877–4878

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou WL, Carpenter EE, Lin J, Kumbhar A, Sims J, O’Conner CJ (2001) Nanostructures of gold coated iron core-shell nanoparticles and the nanobands assembled under magnetic field. Eur Phys J D 16(1–3):289–292

    Article  CAS  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

The authors are grateful for the financial supports provided by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey; Project Number: 107T682.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara, Turkey

    Uğur Tamer & Yusuf Gündoğdu

  2. Department of Food Engineering, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey

    İsmail Hakkı Boyacı

  3. Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey

    Kadir Pekmez

Authors
  1. Uğur Tamer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yusuf Gündoğdu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. İsmail Hakkı Boyacı
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Kadir Pekmez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Uğur Tamer.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Tamer, U., Gündoğdu, Y., Boyacı, İ.H. et al. Synthesis of magnetic core–shell Fe3O4–Au nanoparticle for biomolecule immobilization and detection. J Nanopart Res 12, 1187–1196 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-009-9749-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-009-9749-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation