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Superoxide Dismutase Administration, A Potential Therapy Against Oxidative Stress Related Diseases: Several Routes of Supplementation and Proposal of an Original Mechanism of Action

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ABSTRACT

Oxidative stress, involved in many diseases, is defined as an impaired balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defences. Antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) play a key role in diminishing oxidative stress. Thus, the removal of ROS by exogenous SODs could be an effective preventive strategy against various diseases. The poor bioavailability of exogenous SODs has been criticized. However, improvements in SOD formulation may overcome this limitation and boost interest in its therapeutic properties. Here, we provide a review of animal and human studies about SODs supplementation in order to evaluate their therapeutic value. Protective effects have been observed against irradiation, carcinogenesis, apoptosis and neurodegeneration. SODs administration has also been reported to alleviate inflammatory, infectious, respiratory, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and genitourinary and fertility disorders, raising the question of its mechanism of action in these diverse situations. Some authors have shown an increase in endogenous antioxidant enzymes after exogenous SODs administration. The induction of endogenous antioxidant defence and, consequently, a decrease in oxidative stress, could explain all the effects observed. Further investigations need to be carried out to test the hypothesis that SODs supplementation acts by inducing an endogenous antioxidant defence.

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Abbreviations

AAPH:

Hydrochloride 2,2′-azobis-2-amidinopropane

AIDS:

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

ARE:

Antioxidant response element

CAT:

Catalase

Cu/Zn-SOD:

Copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase

DIVEMA:

Divinyl ether and maleic anhydride

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

EC-SOD:

Extracellular-superoxide dismutase

Fe-SOD:

Iron-superoxide dismutase

FIV:

Feline immunodeficiency virus

GPx:

Glutathione peroxidase

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

HO°:

Hydroxyl radical

Mn-SOD:

Manganese-superoxide dismutase

Nrf2:

Transcription factor nuclear-factor-E2-related factor

O2°- :

Superoxide anion radical

PEG:

Pegylated

PMA:

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND DISCLOSURES

Julie Carillon was supported by a “CIFRE grant” (Convention Industrielle de Formation par la Recherche, n° 0417/2010) from the French “Association Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie” and Bionov (Avignon, France), which produces and commercializes an antioxidant product.

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  1. Nutrition & Métabolisme, UMR 204 NutriPass Prévention des Malnutritions et des Pathologies Associées, Université Montpellier 1-2, Montpellier, France

    Julie Carillon, Jean-Max Rouanet & Jean-Paul Cristol

  2. Département de Biochimie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France

    Jean-Paul Cristol

  3. Centre CAPIO-BAYARD, Service de Cardiologie, 44 Avenue Condorcet, 69100, Villeurbanne, France

    Richard Brion

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  1. Julie Carillon
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  2. Jean-Max Rouanet
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  3. Jean-Paul Cristol
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  4. Richard Brion
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Correspondence to Richard Brion.

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Carillon, J., Rouanet, JM., Cristol, JP. et al. Superoxide Dismutase Administration, A Potential Therapy Against Oxidative Stress Related Diseases: Several Routes of Supplementation and Proposal of an Original Mechanism of Action. Pharm Res 30, 2718–2728 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-013-1113-5

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