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Erschienen in: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders 2/2013

01.06.2013

Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection and the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis

verfasst von: Minu M. George, Amrit Bhangoo

Erschienen in: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders | Ausgabe 2/2013

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Abstract

The hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis is the most common of the endocrine lines/axis’ to be affected by HIV infection. There are multiple factors that contribute to this HPA axis dysregulation. Direct invasion of the various organs in the axis can be either by opportunistic infections or infiltrative diseases. The soluble factors or cytokines released during viral infection and the chronic inflammatory state that follows, also contribute to these alterations. The actions of these cytokines released by the immune response can both activate the HPA axis and cause a glucocorticoid resistant state. Further, many of the anti-retroviral and other medications used to treat HIV infection can contribute to HPA axis dysfunction. While the diagnosis and treatment of endocrine dysfunction is the same as in any other patient, management pathways may be quite different. While some may be adaptive responses, life threatening adrenal insufficiency can also be present. It is important the latter be picked up expeditiously and treated promptly to avoid mortality.
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Metadaten
Titel
Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection and the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis
verfasst von
Minu M. George
Amrit Bhangoo
Publikationsdatum
01.06.2013
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders / Ausgabe 2/2013
Print ISSN: 1389-9155
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-2606
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-013-9244-x

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