Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Obesity-hypertension and its relation to other diseases in dogs

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Veterinary Research Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Obesity is a chronic disease in which adipose tissue accumulates in such a way that it affects the health of the patient and is associated with a myriad of alterations such as systemic hypertension (HTN). The mechanisms by which obesity causes HTN are complex and involve several organic mechanisms. The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between obesity to HTN in dogs in accordance with recent international protocols (systolic blood pressure >160 mmHg) relating to age, genre, gonadal status, breed and other diseases commonly associated with HTN. A total of 244 dogs were studied, 105 non-obese controls and 139 in the obese group. For both groups, healthy and a variety of diseased dogs were observed; the correlations between pathologies and obesity were studied, paying special attention to diseases whose pathophysiologies could lead to HTN. We conclude that obesity is not a risk factor for dogs to develop HTN, and that HTN present in these patients was related to comorbidities such as chronic kidney disease, cardiopathies and endocrinopathies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

ACVIM:

American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine

BCS:

body condition score

BP:

blood pressure

CKD:

chronic kidney disease

DBP:

diastolic blood pressure

HTN:

systemic hypertension

RAAS:

renin-angiontensin-aldosterone system

SBP:

systolic blood pressure

SNS:

sympathetic nervous system

UPC:

urinary protein to creatinine ratio

References

  • Antic V, Dulloo A, Montani JP (2003) Multiple mechanisms involved in obesity-induced hypertension. Heart Lung Circ 12:84–93

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong JP, Lusby LA (2011) Clinical importance of canine and feline obesity. In: Towel LT (ed) Practical weight management in dog and cats. Wiley, Iowa, pp 3–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Bannister S (2013) Possible preventive obesity measures for consideration in Labrador Retrievers Canis lupus familiaris according to veterinarian and owner opinions. The Plymouth Student Scientist 6:1–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Bodey RA, Michell RA (1996) Epidemiological study of blood pressure in domestic dogs. J Small Anim Pract 37:116–125

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brown S, Atkins R, Bagley A et al (2007) Guidelines for the identification, evaluation, and management of systemic hypertension in dogs and cats. J Vet Intern Med 21:542–58

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Colliard L, Ancel J, Benet J (2006) Risk factors for obesity in dogs in france. J Nutr 136:1951S–1954S

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Corbee RJ (2013) Obesity in show dogs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 97:904–912. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0396.2012.01336.x

    Google Scholar 

  • Diez M, Ngueyen P (2006) The epidemiology of canine and feline obesity. WALTHAM Focus 16:2–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Edney AT, Smith PM (1986) Study of obesity in dogs visiting veterinary practices in the United Kindom. Vet Rec 118:391–396

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • German JA (2006) The growing problem of obesity in dogs and cats. J Nutr 136:1940S–1946S

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hall JE (2000) Pathophysiology of obesity hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2:139–147

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heuberg R, Wakshlag J (2011) The relation of feeding patterns and obesity in dogs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 95:98–105. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0396.2010.01024.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joles JA (1998) Obesity in dogs: effects on renal function, blood pressure, and renal disease. Vet Q 20(4):117–120

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kotsis V, Stabouli S, Papakatsika S et al (2010) Mechanism of obesity-induced hypertension. Hypertension 33:386–393

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kurululasuriya RL, Stas S, Lastra G et al (2011) Hypertension in obesity. Med Clin N Am 95:903–917

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • López de Fez CM, Gaztelu MT, Rubio T et al (2004) Mecanismos de hipertensión en obesidad. An Sist Sanit Navar 27:211–219

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lund ME, Armstrong PJ, Kirk CA, Klausn JS et al (2006) Prevalence and risk factors for obesity in adult dogs from private US veterinary practices. Intern J Appl Res Vet Med 4:177–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Mao J, Xia Z, Chen J (2013) Prevalence and risk factors for canine obesity surveyed in veterinary practices in Beijin, China. Prev Vet Med 112:438–442. doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2013.08.012

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McGreevy PD, Thomson PC, Pride C et al (2005) Prevalence of obesity in dogs examined by australian veterinary practices and the risk factors involved. Vet Rec 156:695–702

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mehlman E, Bright MJ, Porsche C et al (2013) Echocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy in obese dogs. J Vet Intern Med 27:62–68. doi:10.1111/jvim.12018

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meurs KM, Miller MW, Slater MR (2000) Arterial blood pressure measurement in a population of healthy geriatric dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 36:497–500

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mishina M, Wahanabe T, Fujii K et al (1997) A clinical evaluation of blood pressure through non-invasive measurement using the oscillometric procedure in conscious dogs. J Vet Med Sci 59:989–993

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Montoya JA, Morris JP, Bautista I et al (2006) Hypertension: a risk factor associated with weight status in dogs. J Nutr 136:2011S–2013S

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mori N, Lee P, Kondo K et al (2011) Potential use of colesterol lipoprotein profile to confirm obesity status in dogs. Vet Res Commun 35:223–235. doi:10.1007/s11259-011-9466-x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Neto GB, Brunneto MA, Sousa MG et al (2010) Effects of weiht loss on the cardiac parameters of obese dogs. Pesq Vet Bras 30:167–171

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parker VJ, Freeman LM (2011) Association between body condition and survival in dogs with acquired chronic kidney disease. J Vet Intern Med 25:1306–1311. doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00805.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rahmouni K, Correia ML, Haynes GW et al (2005) Obesity-associsted hypertension: new insights into mechanisms. Hypertension 45:9–14

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reusch EC, Schellenberg S, Wenger M (2010) Endocrine hypertension in small animals. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 40:335–352. doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2009.10.005

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson ID (2003) The association of exercise, diet and other factors with owner-perceived obesity in privately owned dogs from metropolitan Perth, WA. Prev Vet Med 58:75–83

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rocchini PA, Moorehead PC, DeRemer S et al (1989) Pathogenesis of weight-related changes in blood pressure in dogs. Hypertension 13:922–928

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sánchez CC, Pichardo OE, López RP (2004) Epidemiología de la obesidad. Gac Med Mex 140:3.20

    Google Scholar 

  • Struble AL, Feldman EC, Nelson RW et al (1998) Systemic hypertension and proteinuria in dogs with diabetes mellitus. J Am Vet Med Assoc 213:822–824

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Truett AA, Borne TA, Monteiro PM et al (1998) Composition of dietary fat affects blood pressure and insulin responses to dietary obesity in the dog. Obes Res 6:137–146

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tvarijonaviciute A, Cerón JJ, Holden SL, Cuthbertson DJ, Biourge V, Morris PJ, German AJ (2012) Obesity-related metabolic dysfunction in dogs: a comparison with human metabolic syndrome. BMC Vet Res 8:147. doi:10.1186/1746-6148-8-147

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hospital Veterinario para Pequeñas Especies de la Facultad de Medicina, Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Jesús Carranza 203 Col. Universidad, 50130, Toluca, Mexico

    Alicia Pamela Pérez-Sánchez, Javier Del-Angel-Caraza, Israel Alejandro Quijano-Hernández & Marco Antonio Barbosa-Mireles

Authors
  1. Alicia Pamela Pérez-Sánchez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Javier Del-Angel-Caraza
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Israel Alejandro Quijano-Hernández
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Marco Antonio Barbosa-Mireles
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Javier Del-Angel-Caraza.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Pérez-Sánchez, A.P., Del-Angel-Caraza, J., Quijano-Hernández, I.A. et al. Obesity-hypertension and its relation to other diseases in dogs. Vet Res Commun 39, 45–51 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-015-9630-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-015-9630-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation