Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Genetic analysis of the long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter region in HIV-1-infected individuals with different rates of disease progression

  • ORIGINAL ARTICLE
  • Published:
Virus Genes Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The long terminal repeat (LTR) region of HIV-1 promotes and modulates proviral transcription. LTR genetic variability might influence viral replication and disease progression. Proviral LTR sequences from 32 HIV-1-infected individuals showing different rates of disease progression were examined. Non-progressors (NP, n = 11) were individuals with high and stable CD4 counts and persistently low or undetectable plasma HIV-RNA. Slow progressors (SP, n = 6) were subjects with minimal CD4 decays over time and low plasma HIV-RNA. Typical progressors (TP, n = 15) were individuals with chronic infection showing CD4 counts repeatedly below 500 cells/μl. The mutation frequency within distinct LTR functional regions involved in HIV-1 transcription were compared in these three groups of patients. No significant differences were observed in the mutation frequency in most LTR regulatory sites when comparing the three groups. However, changes in USF regulatory binding sites were more frequent in TP than in SP/NP, while changes in Sp1 binding sites were less common in the former. This is the first study examining the genetic variability of the HIV-1 LTR region in long-term non-progressors showing further divergent outcomes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Y. Cao, L. Qin, J. Zhang, J. Safrit, D. Ho, N. Engl. J. Med. 332, 201 (1995)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. M. Samson, F. Libert, B.J. Doranz, J. Rucker, C. Liesnard, C.M. Farber, S. Saragosti, C. Lapoumeroulie, J. Cognaux, C. Forceille, G. Muyldermans, C. Verhofstede, G. Burtonboy, M. Georges, T. Imai, S. Rana, Y. Yi, R.J. Smyth, R.G. Collman, R.W. Doms, G. Vassart, M. Parmentier, Nature 382, 722 (1996)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. A.K. Pilgrim, G. Pantaleo, O.J. Cohen, L.M. Fink, J.Y. Zhou, J.T. Zhou, D.P. Bolognesi, A.S. Fauci, D.C. Montefiori, J. Infect. Dis. 176, 924 (1997)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. D. Blackbourn, C. Mackewicz, E. Barker, T. Hunt, B. Herndier, A. Haase, A. Levy, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93, 13125 (1996)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. M. Westby, F. Manca, A. Dalgleish, Immunol. Today 17, 120 (1996)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. N.J. Deacon, A. Tsykin, A. Solomon, K. Smith, M. Ludford-Menting, D.J. Hooker, D.A. McPhee, A.L. Greenway, A. Ellett, C. Chatfield, V.A. Lawson, S. Crowe, A. Maerz, S. Sonza, J. Learmont, J.S. Sullivan, A. Cunningham, D. Dwyer, D. Dowton, Mills J. Sci. 270, 988 (1995)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. A.K. Iversen, E.G. Shpaer, A.G. Rodrigo, M.S. Hirsch, B.D. Walker, H.W. Sheppard, T.C. Merigan, J.I. Mullins, J. Virol. 69, 5743 (1995)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. N.L. Michael, G. Chang, L.A. d’Arcy, P.K. Ehrenberg, R. Mariani, M.P. Busch, D.L. Birx, D.H. Schwartz, J. Virol. 69, 4228 (1995)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. J.J. Lum, O.J. Cohen, Z. Nie, J.G. Weaver, T.S. Gomez, X.J. Yao, D. Lynch, A.A. Pilon, N. Hawley, J.E. Kim, Z. Chen, M. Montpetit, J. Sanchez-Dardon, E.A. Cohen, A.D. Badley, J. Clin. Invest. 145, 1547 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. M.E. Quinones-Mateu, A. Mas, T. Lain de Lera, V. Soriano, J. Alcami, M.M. Lederman, E. Domingo, Virus Res. 57, 11 (1998)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. U. Visco-Comandini, Z. Yun, A. Vahlne, A. Sonnerborg, AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 15, 609 (1999)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. K. Hiebenthal-Millow, T.C. Greenough, D.B. Bretttler, M. Schindler, S. Wildum, J.L. Sullivan, F. Kirchhoff, Virology 317, 109 (2003)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. M. Kondo, T. Shima, M. Nishizawa, K. Sudo, S. Iwamuro, T. Okabe, Y. Takebe, M. Imai, J. Infect. Dis. 192, 56 (2005)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. A. El Kharroubi, M. Martin, Mol. Cell Biol. 16, 2958 (1996)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. L. Pereira, K. Bentley, A. Peeters, M. Churchill, N. Deacon, Nucleic Acids Res. 28, 663 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. C. Vant Lint, C. Ann Amella, S. Emiliani, M. John, T. Jie, E. Verdin, J. Virol. 71, 6113 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  17. F. Kirchhoff, T. Greenough, M. Hamacher, J. Sullivan, R. Desrosiers, Virology 232, 319 (1997)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. G. Fang, H. Burger, C. Chappey, S. Rowland-Jones, A. Visosky, C.H. Chen, T. Moran, L. Townsend, M. Murray, B. Weiser, AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 17, 1395 (2001)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. L. Zhang, Y. Huang, H. Yuan, B. Chen, D. Ho, J. Virol. 71, 5608 (1997)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. B. Rodés, C. Toro, E. Paxinos, E. Poveda, M. Martinez-Padial, J.M. Benito, V. Jiménez, T. Wrin, S. Basan, V. Soriano, AIDS 18, 1109 (2004)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. M. Naghavi, M. Estable, S. Schwartz, R. Roeder, A. Vahlne, J. Gen. Virol. 82, 547 (2001)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. K.A. Jones, J.T. Kadonaga, P.A. Luciw, R. Tjian, Science 232, 755 (1986)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. J.T. Kadonaga, K.R. Carner, F.R. Masiarz, R. Tjian, Cell 51, 1079 (1987)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. L. Zhang, Y. Huang, H. Yuan, B. Chen, J. Ip, D. Ho, J. Virol. 71, 1651 (1997)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. M.C. Estable, B. Bel, M. Hirst, I. Sadowski, J. Virol. 72, 6465 (1998)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported in part by grants from Fundación Investigación y Educación en SIDA (IES) and Red de Investigación en SIDA (RIS project G03/173). A.H. was supported by Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Ramón y Cajal and Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias. V.S. was supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III and Agencia Laín Entralgo.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Carlos III, C/ Sinesio Delgado, 10, 28029, Madrid, Spain

    Eva Ramírez de Arellano, Cristina Martín, Vincent Soriano & África Holguín

  2. AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain

    José Alcamí

Authors
  1. Eva Ramírez de Arellano
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Cristina Martín
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Vincent Soriano
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. José Alcamí
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. África Holguín
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to África Holguín.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ramírez de Arellano, E., Martín, C., Soriano, V. et al. Genetic analysis of the long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter region in HIV-1-infected individuals with different rates of disease progression. Virus Genes 34, 111–116 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-006-0054-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-006-0054-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation