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Air pollution and respiratory health among diabetic and non-diabetic subjects in Pune, India—results from the Wellcome Trust Genetic Study

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Abstract

Diabetics may be more vulnerable to the harmful effects of ambient air pollutants than healthy individuals. But, the risk factors that lead to susceptibility to air pollution in diabetics have not yet been identified. We examined the effect of exposure to ambient PM10 on chronic symptoms and the pulmonary function tests (PFT) in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Also, to investigate possible determinants of susceptibility, we recruited 400 type 2 diabetic and 465 healthy subjects who were investigated for chronic respiratory symptoms (CRSs) and then underwent measurement of forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume 1 (FEV1) according to standard protocol. Percent predicted FEV1 and FVC (FEV1% and FVC%, respectively) for each subject were calculated. Particulate matter (PM10) concentrations at residence place of subjects were estimated using AERMOD dispersion model. The association between PM10 and CRSs was explored using logistic regression. We also used linear regression models controlling for potential confounders to study the association between chronic exposure to PM10 and FEV1% and FVC%. Prevalence of current wheezing, allergy symptom, chest tightness, FEV1/FVC <70%, and physician-diagnosed asthma and COPD was significantly higher among diabetic subjects than non-diabetics. There was no significant difference between percent predicted value of PFT among diabetic and non-diabetic subjects (P < 0.05). We estimated that 1 SD increase in PM10 concentration was associated with a greater risk of having dyspnea by 1.50-fold (95% CI, 1.12–2.01). Higher exposure to PM10 concentration was also significantly associated with lower FVC%. The size of effect for 1 SD μg/m3 (=98.38) increase in PM10 concentration was 3.71% (95% CI, 0.48–4.99) decrease in FVC%. In addition, we indicated that strength of these associations was higher in overweight, smoker, and aged persons. We demonstrated a possible contribution of air pollution to reduced lung function independent of diabetes status. This study suggests that decline in exposure may significantly reduce disease manifestation as dyspnea and impaired lung function. We conduct that higher BMI, smoking, and older age were associated with higher levels of air pollution effects.

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the contributions of K. Kumaran (King Edward Memorial Hospital) and Gayathri Vaidyanathan (Environment and Energy Publishing’s Energywire—Washington DC) in improving the language. Air pollutants and meteorological data were taken from Maharashtra Pollution Control Board and Meteorological Department, Pune Office, respectively. The WellGen study was supported by the Wellcome Trust (London, UK).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie

  2. Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie

  3. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie

  4. Chest Research Foundation (CRF), Pune, Maharashtra, India

    Sundeep Santosh Salvi

  5. King Edward Memorial Hospital Research Center, Pune, Maharashtra, India

    Chittaranjan Sakerlal Yajnik

  6. Technogreen Environmental Solutions, Pune, Maharashtra, India

    Ajay Ojha

  7. Department of Statistics, Islamic Azad University, Omidiyeh Branch, Omidiyeh, Iran

    Behzad Khafaie

  8. Department of Statistics, University of Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India

    Sharad Damodar Gore

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  1. Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie
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  2. Sundeep Santosh Salvi
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  3. Chittaranjan Sakerlal Yajnik
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  4. Ajay Ojha
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  5. Behzad Khafaie
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  6. Sharad Damodar Gore
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Contributions

M.A.K., S.S.S., and C.S.Y. researched, wrote, discussed, and edited the manuscript. A.A.A and A.O. contributed to the discussion and edited the manuscript. B.K. and S.D.G. contributed to the data analyses and edited the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie.

Ethics declarations

The ethics committees at KEM Hospital Research Center approved the study.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

Study is supported by The Wellcome Trust, London, UK.

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Khafaie, M.A., Salvi, S.S., Yajnik, C.S. et al. Air pollution and respiratory health among diabetic and non-diabetic subjects in Pune, India—results from the Wellcome Trust Genetic Study. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 15538–15546 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9148-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9148-5

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