Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Der Gastroenterologe 3/2007

01.05.2007 | Schwerpunkt

Die virale Gastroenteritis

verfasst von: Dr. W. Zingg

Erschienen in: Die Gastroenterologie | Ausgabe 3/2007

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Viren sind die häufigste Ursache der akuten Gastroenteritis und nicht nur in den Entwicklungsländern ein Problem. Rotaviren bilden bei Säuglingen und Kleinkindern und Noroviren in allen Altersgruppen die Haupterreger. Neben sporadischen Fällen verursachen sie auch bei uns Epidemien in Krankenhäusern, Pflegeheimen, Schulen, Kinderkrippen, Hotels und Restaurants. Während die medizinische Betreuung sporadischer Fälle außer bei Säuglingen kaum Probleme bietet, ist das Management bei Epidemien aufwändig und zeitraubend. Der vorliegende Beitrag ist eine Übersicht über die wichtigsten Erreger, deren Pathogenese, Therapie und die krankenhaushygienische Betreuung.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Allen SJ, Okoko B, Martinez E et al. (2004) Probiotics for treating infectious diarrhoea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2: CD003048PubMed Allen SJ, Okoko B, Martinez E et al. (2004) Probiotics for treating infectious diarrhoea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2: CD003048PubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Banyai K, Jakab F, Reuter G et al. (2003) Sequence heterogeneity among human picobirnaviruses detected in a gastroenteritis outbreak. Arch Virol 148: 2281–2291CrossRefPubMed Banyai K, Jakab F, Reuter G et al. (2003) Sequence heterogeneity among human picobirnaviruses detected in a gastroenteritis outbreak. Arch Virol 148: 2281–2291CrossRefPubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Bartlett AV, Moore M, Gary GW (1985) Diarrheal illness among infants and toddlers in day care centers. I. Epidemiology and pathogens. J Pediatr 107: 495–502CrossRefPubMed Bartlett AV, Moore M, Gary GW (1985) Diarrheal illness among infants and toddlers in day care centers. I. Epidemiology and pathogens. J Pediatr 107: 495–502CrossRefPubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Benschop KS, Schinkel J, Minnaar RP et al. (2006) Fourth human parechovirus serotype. Emerg Infect Dis 12: 1572–1575PubMed Benschop KS, Schinkel J, Minnaar RP et al. (2006) Fourth human parechovirus serotype. Emerg Infect Dis 12: 1572–1575PubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Benschop KS, Schinkel J, Minnaar RP et al. (2006) Human parechovirus infections in Dutch children and the association between serotype and disease severity. Clin Infect Dis 42: 204–210CrossRefPubMed Benschop KS, Schinkel J, Minnaar RP et al. (2006) Human parechovirus infections in Dutch children and the association between serotype and disease severity. Clin Infect Dis 42: 204–210CrossRefPubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Bereciartu A, Bok K, Gomez J et al. (2002) Identification of viral agents causing gastroenteritis among children in Buenos Aires, Argentina. J Clin Virol 25: 197–203CrossRefPubMed Bereciartu A, Bok K, Gomez J et al. (2002) Identification of viral agents causing gastroenteritis among children in Buenos Aires, Argentina. J Clin Virol 25: 197–203CrossRefPubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Berg DE, Kohn MA, Farley TA et al. (2000) Multi-state outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis traced to fecal-contaminated oysters harvested in Louisiana. J Infect Dis 181: S381–S386CrossRefPubMed Berg DE, Kohn MA, Farley TA et al. (2000) Multi-state outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis traced to fecal-contaminated oysters harvested in Louisiana. J Infect Dis 181: S381–S386CrossRefPubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Blutt SE, Kirkwood CD, Parreno V et al. (2003) Rotavirus antigenaemia and viraemia: a common event? Lancet 362: 1445–1449CrossRefPubMed Blutt SE, Kirkwood CD, Parreno V et al. (2003) Rotavirus antigenaemia and viraemia: a common event? Lancet 362: 1445–1449CrossRefPubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat De Wit MA, Koopmans MP, Kortbeek LM et al. (2001) Etiology of gastroenteritis in sentinel general practices in the Netherlands. Clin Infect Dis 33: 280–288CrossRefPubMed De Wit MA, Koopmans MP, Kortbeek LM et al. (2001) Etiology of gastroenteritis in sentinel general practices in the Netherlands. Clin Infect Dis 33: 280–288CrossRefPubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Fretz R, Svoboda P, Luthi TM et al. (2005) Outbreaks of gastroenteritis due to infections with norovirus in Switzerland, 2001–2003. Epidemiol Infect 133: 429–437CrossRefPubMed Fretz R, Svoboda P, Luthi TM et al. (2005) Outbreaks of gastroenteritis due to infections with norovirus in Switzerland, 2001–2003. Epidemiol Infect 133: 429–437CrossRefPubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Froggatt PC, Barry Vipond I, Ashley CR et al. (2004) Surveillance of norovirus infection in a study of sporadic childhood gastroenteritis in South West England and South Wales, during one winter season (1999–2000). J Med Virol 72: 307–311CrossRefPubMed Froggatt PC, Barry Vipond I, Ashley CR et al. (2004) Surveillance of norovirus infection in a study of sporadic childhood gastroenteritis in South West England and South Wales, during one winter season (1999–2000). J Med Virol 72: 307–311CrossRefPubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Gleizes OO, Desselberger U, Tatochenko V et al. (2006) Nosocomial rotavirus infection in European countries: a review of the epidemiology, severity and economic burden of hospital-acquired rotavirus disease. Pediatr Infect Dis J 25: S12–S21CrossRefPubMed Gleizes OO, Desselberger U, Tatochenko V et al. (2006) Nosocomial rotavirus infection in European countries: a review of the epidemiology, severity and economic burden of hospital-acquired rotavirus disease. Pediatr Infect Dis J 25: S12–S21CrossRefPubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Jakab F, Walter JE, Berke T et al. (2003) Molecular characterization and sequence analysis of human astroviruses circulating in Hungary. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 39: 97–102CrossRefPubMed Jakab F, Walter JE, Berke T et al. (2003) Molecular characterization and sequence analysis of human astroviruses circulating in Hungary. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 39: 97–102CrossRefPubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Khanna N, Goldenberger D, Graber P et al. (2003) Gastroenteritis outbreak with norovirus in a Swiss university hospital with a newly identified virus strain. J Hosp Infect 55: 131–136CrossRefPubMed Khanna N, Goldenberger D, Graber P et al. (2003) Gastroenteritis outbreak with norovirus in a Swiss university hospital with a newly identified virus strain. J Hosp Infect 55: 131–136CrossRefPubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Koopmans M, Goosen ES, Lima AA et al. (1997) Association of torovirus with acute and persistent diarrhea in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 16: 504–507CrossRefPubMed Koopmans M, Goosen ES, Lima AA et al. (1997) Association of torovirus with acute and persistent diarrhea in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 16: 504–507CrossRefPubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Kotloff KL, Losonsky GA, Morris JG et al. (1989) Enteric adenovirus infection and childhood diarrhea: an epidemiologic study in three clinical settings. Pediatrics 84: 219–225PubMed Kotloff KL, Losonsky GA, Morris JG et al. (1989) Enteric adenovirus infection and childhood diarrhea: an epidemiologic study in three clinical settings. Pediatrics 84: 219–225PubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Le Pendu J, Ruvoen-Clouet N, Kindeberg E et al. (2006) Mendelian resistance to human norovirus infections. Semin Immunol 18: 375–386CrossRefPubMed Le Pendu J, Ruvoen-Clouet N, Kindeberg E et al. (2006) Mendelian resistance to human norovirus infections. Semin Immunol 18: 375–386CrossRefPubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat LoBue AD, Lindesmith L, Yount B et al. (2006) Multivalent norovirus vaccines induce strong mucosal and systemic blocking antibodies against multiple strains. Vaccine 24: 5220–5234CrossRefPubMed LoBue AD, Lindesmith L, Yount B et al. (2006) Multivalent norovirus vaccines induce strong mucosal and systemic blocking antibodies against multiple strains. Vaccine 24: 5220–5234CrossRefPubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Lodha A, Silva N de, Petric M et al. (2005) Human torovirus: a new virus associated with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Acta Paediatr 94: 1085–1088CrossRefPubMed Lodha A, Silva N de, Petric M et al. (2005) Human torovirus: a new virus associated with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Acta Paediatr 94: 1085–1088CrossRefPubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Lynch M, Lee B, Azimi P et al. (2001) Rotavirus and central nervous system symptoms: cause or contaminant? Case reports and review. Clin Infect Dis 33: 932–938CrossRefPubMed Lynch M, Lee B, Azimi P et al. (2001) Rotavirus and central nervous system symptoms: cause or contaminant? Case reports and review. Clin Infect Dis 33: 932–938CrossRefPubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Oh DY, Silva PA, Hauroeder B et al. (2006) Molecular characterization of the first Aichi viruses isolated in Europe and in South America. Arch Virol 151: 1199–1212CrossRefPubMed Oh DY, Silva PA, Hauroeder B et al. (2006) Molecular characterization of the first Aichi viruses isolated in Europe and in South America. Arch Virol 151: 1199–1212CrossRefPubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Oh DY, Gaedicke G, Schreier E et al. (2003) Viral agents of acute gastroenteritis in German children: prevalence and molecular diversity. J Med Virol 71: 82–93CrossRefPubMed Oh DY, Gaedicke G, Schreier E et al. (2003) Viral agents of acute gastroenteritis in German children: prevalence and molecular diversity. J Med Virol 71: 82–93CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Peiris JS, Chu CM, Cheng VC et al. (2003) Clinical progression and viral load in a community outbreak of coronavirus-associated SARS pneumonia: a prospective study. Lancet 2003 361: 1767–1772CrossRef Peiris JS, Chu CM, Cheng VC et al. (2003) Clinical progression and viral load in a community outbreak of coronavirus-associated SARS pneumonia: a prospective study. Lancet 2003 361: 1767–1772CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Rockx B, De Wit M, Vennema H et al. (2002) Natural history of human calicivirus infection: a prospective cohort study. Clin Infect Dis 35: 246–253CrossRefPubMed Rockx B, De Wit M, Vennema H et al. (2002) Natural history of human calicivirus infection: a prospective cohort study. Clin Infect Dis 35: 246–253CrossRefPubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Sattar SA, Rapahel RA, Lochnan H et al. (1983) Rotavirus inactivation by chemical disinfectants and antiseptics used in hospitals. Can J Microbiol 29: 1464–1469PubMed Sattar SA, Rapahel RA, Lochnan H et al. (1983) Rotavirus inactivation by chemical disinfectants and antiseptics used in hospitals. Can J Microbiol 29: 1464–1469PubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmidt W, Schneider T, Heise W et al. (1996) Stool viruses, co-infections, and diarrhoea in HIV-infected patients. J Acquire Immune Def Syndr Hum Retrovirol 13: 33–39CrossRef Schmidt W, Schneider T, Heise W et al. (1996) Stool viruses, co-infections, and diarrhoea in HIV-infected patients. J Acquire Immune Def Syndr Hum Retrovirol 13: 33–39CrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Tucker AW, Haddix AC, Bresee JS et al. (1998) Cost-effectiveness analysis of a rotavirus immunization program for the United States. JAMA 279: 1371–1376CrossRefPubMed Tucker AW, Haddix AC, Bresee JS et al. (1998) Cost-effectiveness analysis of a rotavirus immunization program for the United States. JAMA 279: 1371–1376CrossRefPubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Vinje J, Vennema H, Maunula L et al. (2003) International collaborative study to compare reverse transcriptase PCR assays for detection and genotyping of noroviruses. J Clin Microbiol. 41: 1423–1433 Vinje J, Vennema H, Maunula L et al. (2003) International collaborative study to compare reverse transcriptase PCR assays for detection and genotyping of noroviruses. J Clin Microbiol. 41: 1423–1433
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Wilde J, Yolken R, Willoughby et al. (1991) Improved detection of rotavirus shedding by polymerase chain reaction. Lancet 337: 323–326CrossRefPubMed Wilde J, Yolken R, Willoughby et al. (1991) Improved detection of rotavirus shedding by polymerase chain reaction. Lancet 337: 323–326CrossRefPubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Zingg W, Colombo C, Jucker T et al. (2005) Impact of an outbreak of norovirus infection on hospital resources. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 26: 263–267CrossRefPubMed Zingg W, Colombo C, Jucker T et al. (2005) Impact of an outbreak of norovirus infection on hospital resources. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 26: 263–267CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Die virale Gastroenteritis
verfasst von
Dr. W. Zingg
Publikationsdatum
01.05.2007
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Gastroenterologie / Ausgabe 3/2007
Print ISSN: 2731-7420
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7439
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11377-007-0078-5

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2007

Der Gastroenterologe 3/2007 Zur Ausgabe

CME Weiterbildung • Zertifizierte Fortbildung

Differenzialdiagnose Nausea und Erbrechen

Schwerpunkt

Reisediarrhö

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.