Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Die Diabetologie 4/2022

07.03.2022 | Hypoglykämie | Leitthema

Bedeutung von Glukosewerten im Krankenhaus

verfasst von: Dr. Michael Jecht

Erschienen in: Die Diabetologie | Ausgabe 4/2022

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Eine Hyperglykämie bei Menschen mit und ohne Diabetes, die ins Krankenhaus eingeliefert werden, ist mit einem erheblichen Anstieg von Morbidität, Mortalität und Gesundheitskosten verbunden. Während eines Krankenhausaufenthaltes treten Stoffwechseldekompensationen häufig als Folge unterschiedlicher Ereignisse oder Zusatztherapien auf. Aufgrund des erhöhten Risikos für eine Zunahme der Morbidität, verbunden mit längerem Krankenhausaufenthalt sowie höheren Kosten und Mortalität, erscheint eine genaue Betrachtung der Bedeutung von Glukosewerten und der Therapieformen im Krankenhaus sinnvoll und angebracht.

Material und Methode

Aktuelle Befunde, Übersichtsarbeiten und Grundlagendaten wurden analysiert und in einer kurzen Übersicht zusammengefasst und diskutiert.

Fazit

Eine persistierende Hyperglykämie im Krankenhaus ist häufig und oft mit unzureichenden Ergebnissen des Krankenhausaufenthaltes verbunden. Die kontinuierliche Insulininfusion bleibt die Therapie der Wahl während hyperglykämischer Krisen und kritischen Erkrankungen. Auch bei nicht kritisch kranken Menschen mit ausgeprägter Hyperglykämie, schon ambulant bekannten hohen Insulindosen, mit Typ-1-Diabetes oder mit steroidinduzierter Hyperglykämie bleibt Insulin das Mittel der Wahl.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Fritsche A (2017) Diabetes mellitus in der Klinik: Mehr Strukturen schaffen. Dtsch Arztebl 114(41):16 Fritsche A (2017) Diabetes mellitus in der Klinik: Mehr Strukturen schaffen. Dtsch Arztebl 114(41):16
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Kufeldt J, Kovarova M, Adolph M et al (2018) Prevalence and distribution of diabetes mellitus in a maximum care hospital: urgent need for HbA1c-Screening. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 126:123–129PubMedCrossRef Kufeldt J, Kovarova M, Adolph M et al (2018) Prevalence and distribution of diabetes mellitus in a maximum care hospital: urgent need for HbA1c-Screening. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 126:123–129PubMedCrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Levy N, Dhatariya K (2019) Pre-operative optimisation of the surgical patient with diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes: a practical review. Anaesthesia 74(Suppl 1):58–66PubMedCrossRef Levy N, Dhatariya K (2019) Pre-operative optimisation of the surgical patient with diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes: a practical review. Anaesthesia 74(Suppl 1):58–66PubMedCrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Nationale Diabetes-Surveillance am Robert-Koch-Institut (2019) Diabetes in Deutschland – Bericht der Nationalen Diabetes-Surveillance Nationale Diabetes-Surveillance am Robert-Koch-Institut (2019) Diabetes in Deutschland – Bericht der Nationalen Diabetes-Surveillance
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Moghissi ES, Korytkowski MT, DiNardo M et al (2009) American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American Diabetes Association consensus statement on inpatient glycemic control. Diabetes Care 32:1119–1131PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Moghissi ES, Korytkowski MT, DiNardo M et al (2009) American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American Diabetes Association consensus statement on inpatient glycemic control. Diabetes Care 32:1119–1131PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Dhatariya K, Mustafa OG, Rayman G (2020) Safe care for people with diabetes in hospital. Clin Med 20:21–27CrossRef Dhatariya K, Mustafa OG, Rayman G (2020) Safe care for people with diabetes in hospital. Clin Med 20:21–27CrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Umpierrez GE, Hellman R, Korytkowski MT et al (2012) Management of hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients in non-critical care setting: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 97:16–38PubMedCrossRef Umpierrez GE, Hellman R, Korytkowski MT et al (2012) Management of hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients in non-critical care setting: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 97:16–38PubMedCrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Röhling M, Redaelli M, Simic D, Lorrek K, Samel C, Schneider P, Kempf K, Stock S, Martin S (2019) TeDia—A telemedicine-based treatment model for inpatient and interprofessional diabetes care. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 12:2479–2487PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Röhling M, Redaelli M, Simic D, Lorrek K, Samel C, Schneider P, Kempf K, Stock S, Martin S (2019) TeDia—A telemedicine-based treatment model for inpatient and interprofessional diabetes care. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 12:2479–2487PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Barron E, Bakhai C, Kar P et al (2020) Associations of type 1 and type 2 diabetes with COVID-19-related mortality in England: a whole-population study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 8:813–822PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Barron E, Bakhai C, Kar P et al (2020) Associations of type 1 and type 2 diabetes with COVID-19-related mortality in England: a whole-population study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 8:813–822PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Holman N, Knighton P, Kar P et al (2020) Risk factors for COVID-19-related mortality in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in England: a population-based cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 8:823–833PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Holman N, Knighton P, Kar P et al (2020) Risk factors for COVID-19-related mortality in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in England: a population-based cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 8:823–833PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Boucai L, Southern WN, Zonszein J (2011) Hypoglycemia-associated mortality is not drug-associated but linked to comorbidities. Am J Med 124:1028–1035PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Boucai L, Southern WN, Zonszein J (2011) Hypoglycemia-associated mortality is not drug-associated but linked to comorbidities. Am J Med 124:1028–1035PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Auzanneau M, Fritsche A, Icks A, Siegel E, Kilian R, Karges W, Lanzinger S, Holl RW (2021) Diabetes in the hospital—a nationwide analysis of all hospitalized cases in Germany with and without diabetes, 2015–2017. Dtsch Arztebl Int 118:407–412PubMedPubMedCentral Auzanneau M, Fritsche A, Icks A, Siegel E, Kilian R, Karges W, Lanzinger S, Holl RW (2021) Diabetes in the hospital—a nationwide analysis of all hospitalized cases in Germany with and without diabetes, 2015–2017. Dtsch Arztebl Int 118:407–412PubMedPubMedCentral
13.
Zurück zum Zitat American Diabetes Association (2021) 15. Diabetes care in the hospital. Standards of medical care in diabetes-2021. Diabetes Care 44(Suppl 1):S211–S220CrossRef American Diabetes Association (2021) 15. Diabetes care in the hospital. Standards of medical care in diabetes-2021. Diabetes Care 44(Suppl 1):S211–S220CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Moghissi ES, Korytkowski MT, DiNardo M et al (2009) American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists; American Diabetes Association. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American Diabetes Association consensus statement on inpatient glycemic control. Diabetes Care 32:1119–1131PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Moghissi ES, Korytkowski MT, DiNardo M et al (2009) American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists; American Diabetes Association. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American Diabetes Association consensus statement on inpatient glycemic control. Diabetes Care 32:1119–1131PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Bogun M, Inzucchi SE (2013) Inpatient management of diabetes and hyperglycemia. Clin Ther 35:724–733PubMedCrossRef Bogun M, Inzucchi SE (2013) Inpatient management of diabetes and hyperglycemia. Clin Ther 35:724–733PubMedCrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Van den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F et al (2001) Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 345:1359–1367PubMedCrossRef Van den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F et al (2001) Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 345:1359–1367PubMedCrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Finfer S, Chittock DR, Su SY et al (2009) NICESUGAR Study Investigators. Intensive versus conventional glucose control in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 360:1283–1297PubMedCrossRef Finfer S, Chittock DR, Su SY et al (2009) NICESUGAR Study Investigators. Intensive versus conventional glucose control in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 360:1283–1297PubMedCrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Kansagara D, Fu R, Freeman M, Wolf F, Helfand M (2011) Intensive insulin therapy in hospitalized patients: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med 154:268–282PubMedCrossRef Kansagara D, Fu R, Freeman M, Wolf F, Helfand M (2011) Intensive insulin therapy in hospitalized patients: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med 154:268–282PubMedCrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Sathya B, Davis R, Taveira T, Whitlatch H, Wu WC (2013) Intensity of peri-operative glycemic control and postoperative outcomes in patients with diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 102:8–15PubMedCrossRef Sathya B, Davis R, Taveira T, Whitlatch H, Wu WC (2013) Intensity of peri-operative glycemic control and postoperative outcomes in patients with diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 102:8–15PubMedCrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Umpierrez G, Cardona S, Pasquel F et al (2015) Randomized controlled trial of intensive versus conservative glucose control in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: GLUCO-CABG trial. Diabetes Care 38:1665–1672PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Umpierrez G, Cardona S, Pasquel F et al (2015) Randomized controlled trial of intensive versus conservative glucose control in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: GLUCO-CABG trial. Diabetes Care 38:1665–1672PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Duncan AE, Abd-Elsayed A, Maheshwari A, Xu M, Soltesz E, Koch CG (2010) Role of intraoperative and postoperative blood glucose concentrations in predicting outcomes after cardiac surgery. Anesthesiology 112:860–871PubMedCrossRef Duncan AE, Abd-Elsayed A, Maheshwari A, Xu M, Soltesz E, Koch CG (2010) Role of intraoperative and postoperative blood glucose concentrations in predicting outcomes after cardiac surgery. Anesthesiology 112:860–871PubMedCrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Furnary AP, Wu Y, Bookin SO (2004) Effect of hyperglycemia and continuous intravenous insulin infusions on outcomes of cardiac surgical procedures: the Portland Diabetic Project. Endocr Pract 10(Suppl. 2):21–33PubMedCrossRef Furnary AP, Wu Y, Bookin SO (2004) Effect of hyperglycemia and continuous intravenous insulin infusions on outcomes of cardiac surgical procedures: the Portland Diabetic Project. Endocr Pract 10(Suppl. 2):21–33PubMedCrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang CCL, Draznin B (2013) Practical approach to management inpatient hyperglycemia in selected populations. Hosp Pract 41:45–53CrossRef Wang CCL, Draznin B (2013) Practical approach to management inpatient hyperglycemia in selected populations. Hosp Pract 41:45–53CrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Christensen MB, Gotfredsen A, Nørgaard K (2017) Efficacy of basal-bolus insulin regimens in the inpatient management of non-critically ill patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 33:e2885CrossRef Christensen MB, Gotfredsen A, Nørgaard K (2017) Efficacy of basal-bolus insulin regimens in the inpatient management of non-critically ill patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 33:e2885CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee Y‑Y, Lin Y‑M, Leu W‑J et al (2015) Sliding-scale insulin used for blood glucose control: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Metabolism 64:1183–1192PubMedCrossRef Lee Y‑Y, Lin Y‑M, Leu W‑J et al (2015) Sliding-scale insulin used for blood glucose control: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Metabolism 64:1183–1192PubMedCrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Kitabchi AE, Umpierrez GE, Miles JM, Fisher JN (2009) Hyperglycemic crises in adult patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care 32:1335–1343PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Kitabchi AE, Umpierrez GE, Miles JM, Fisher JN (2009) Hyperglycemic crises in adult patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care 32:1335–1343PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Cobaugh DJ, Maynard G, Cooper L et al (2013) Enhancing insulin-use safety in hospitals: practical recommendations from an ASHP Foundation expert consensus panel. Am J Health Syst Pharm 70:1404–1413PubMedCrossRef Cobaugh DJ, Maynard G, Cooper L et al (2013) Enhancing insulin-use safety in hospitals: practical recommendations from an ASHP Foundation expert consensus panel. Am J Health Syst Pharm 70:1404–1413PubMedCrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Rice MJ, Coursin DB (2016) Glucose meters: here today, gone tomorrow? Crit Care Med 44:e97–e100PubMedCrossRef Rice MJ, Coursin DB (2016) Glucose meters: here today, gone tomorrow? Crit Care Med 44:e97–e100PubMedCrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Rice MJ, Smith JL, Coursin DB (2017) Glucose measurement in the ICU: regulatory intersects reality. Crit Care Med 45:741–743PubMedCrossRef Rice MJ, Smith JL, Coursin DB (2017) Glucose measurement in the ICU: regulatory intersects reality. Crit Care Med 45:741–743PubMedCrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Akirov A, Grossman A, Shochat T, Shimon I (2017) Mortality among hospitalized patients with hypoglycemia: insulin related and noninsulin related. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 102:416–424PubMedCrossRef Akirov A, Grossman A, Shochat T, Shimon I (2017) Mortality among hospitalized patients with hypoglycemia: insulin related and noninsulin related. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 102:416–424PubMedCrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Amori RE, Pittas AG, Siegel RD et al (2008) Inpatient medical errors involving glucose-lowering medications and their impact on patients: review of 2,598 incidents from a voluntary electronic error-reporting database. Endocr Pract 14:535–542PubMedCrossRef Amori RE, Pittas AG, Siegel RD et al (2008) Inpatient medical errors involving glucose-lowering medications and their impact on patients: review of 2,598 incidents from a voluntary electronic error-reporting database. Endocr Pract 14:535–542PubMedCrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Alwan D, Chipps E, Yen P‑Y, Dungan K (2017) Evaluation of the timing and coordination of prandial insulin administration in the hospital. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 131:18–32PubMedCrossRef Alwan D, Chipps E, Yen P‑Y, Dungan K (2017) Evaluation of the timing and coordination of prandial insulin administration in the hospital. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 131:18–32PubMedCrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Hung AM, Siew ED, Wilson OD et al (2018) Risk of hypoglycemia following hospital discharge in patients with diabetes and acute kidney injury. Diabetes Care 41:503–512PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Hung AM, Siew ED, Wilson OD et al (2018) Risk of hypoglycemia following hospital discharge in patients with diabetes and acute kidney injury. Diabetes Care 41:503–512PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Umpierrez G, Korytkowski M (2016) Diabetic emergencies—ketoacidosis, hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state and hypoglycaemia. Nat Rev Endocrinol 12:222–232PubMedCrossRef Umpierrez G, Korytkowski M (2016) Diabetic emergencies—ketoacidosis, hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state and hypoglycaemia. Nat Rev Endocrinol 12:222–232PubMedCrossRef
36.
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Shah AD, Rushakoff RJ (2015) Patient self-management of diabetes care in the inpatient setting: con. J Diabetes Sci Technol 9:1155–1157PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Shah AD, Rushakoff RJ (2015) Patient self-management of diabetes care in the inpatient setting: con. J Diabetes Sci Technol 9:1155–1157PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Umpierrez GE, Klonoff DC (2018) Diabetes technology update:use of insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitoring in the hospital. Diabetes Care 41:1579–1589PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Umpierrez GE, Klonoff DC (2018) Diabetes technology update:use of insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitoring in the hospital. Diabetes Care 41:1579–1589PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Houlden RL, Moore S (2014) In-hospital management of adults using insulin pump therapy. Can J Diabetes 38:126–133PubMedCrossRef Houlden RL, Moore S (2014) In-hospital management of adults using insulin pump therapy. Can J Diabetes 38:126–133PubMedCrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Pichardo-Lowden AR, Fan CY, Gabbay RA (2011) Management of hyperglycemia in the non-intensive care patient: featuring subcutaneous insulin protocols. Endocr Pract 17:249–260PubMedCrossRef Pichardo-Lowden AR, Fan CY, Gabbay RA (2011) Management of hyperglycemia in the non-intensive care patient: featuring subcutaneous insulin protocols. Endocr Pract 17:249–260PubMedCrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Roberts A, James J, Dhatariya K (2018) Joint British Diabetes Societies (JBDS) for Inpatient Care. Management of hyperglycaemia and steroid (glucocorticoid) therapy: a guideline from the Joint British Diabetes Societies (JBDS) for Inpatient Care group. Diabet Med 35:1011–1017PubMedCrossRef Roberts A, James J, Dhatariya K (2018) Joint British Diabetes Societies (JBDS) for Inpatient Care. Management of hyperglycaemia and steroid (glucocorticoid) therapy: a guideline from the Joint British Diabetes Societies (JBDS) for Inpatient Care group. Diabet Med 35:1011–1017PubMedCrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Smiley DD, Umpierrez GE (2006) Perioperative glucose control in the diabetic or nondiabetic patient. South Med J 99:580–589 (quiz 590–591)PubMedCrossRef Smiley DD, Umpierrez GE (2006) Perioperative glucose control in the diabetic or nondiabetic patient. South Med J 99:580–589 (quiz 590–591)PubMedCrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Gianchandani R, Dubois E, Alexanian S, Rushakoff R (2016) Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative glucose management. In: Draznin B (Hrsg) Managing diabetes and hyperglycemia in the hospital setting. American Diabetes Association, Alexandria, S 129–144 Gianchandani R, Dubois E, Alexanian S, Rushakoff R (2016) Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative glucose management. In: Draznin B (Hrsg) Managing diabetes and hyperglycemia in the hospital setting. American Diabetes Association, Alexandria, S 129–144
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Chiang HY, Lin K‑TR, Hsiao Y‑A, Huang H‑C, Chang S‑N, Hung C‑H, Chang Y, Wang Y‑C, Kuo C‑C (2020) Association between preoperative blood glucose level and hospital length of stay for patients undergoing appendectomy or laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Diabetes Care 44:107–115PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Chiang HY, Lin K‑TR, Hsiao Y‑A, Huang H‑C, Chang S‑N, Hung C‑H, Chang Y, Wang Y‑C, Kuo C‑C (2020) Association between preoperative blood glucose level and hospital length of stay for patients undergoing appendectomy or laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Diabetes Care 44:107–115PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Noordzij PG, Boersma E, Schreiner F et al (2007) Increased preoperative glucose levels are associated with perioperative mortality in patients undergoing noncardiac, nonvascular surgery. Eur J Endocrinol 156:137–142PubMedCrossRef Noordzij PG, Boersma E, Schreiner F et al (2007) Increased preoperative glucose levels are associated with perioperative mortality in patients undergoing noncardiac, nonvascular surgery. Eur J Endocrinol 156:137–142PubMedCrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Hatzakorzian R, Bui H, Carvalho G, Shan WL, Sidhu S, Schricker T (2011) Fasting blood glucose levels in patients presenting for elective surgery. Nutrition 27:298–301PubMedCrossRef Hatzakorzian R, Bui H, Carvalho G, Shan WL, Sidhu S, Schricker T (2011) Fasting blood glucose levels in patients presenting for elective surgery. Nutrition 27:298–301PubMedCrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Abdelmalak BB, Knittel J, Abdelmalak JB et al (2014) Preoperative blood glucose concentrations and postoperative outcomes after elective non-cardiac surgery: an observational study. Br J Anaesth 112:79–88PubMedCrossRef Abdelmalak BB, Knittel J, Abdelmalak JB et al (2014) Preoperative blood glucose concentrations and postoperative outcomes after elective non-cardiac surgery: an observational study. Br J Anaesth 112:79–88PubMedCrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang R, Panizales MT, Hudson MS, Rogers SO, Schnipper JL (2014) Preoperative glucose as a screening tool in patients without diabetes. J Surg Res 186:371–378PubMedCrossRef Wang R, Panizales MT, Hudson MS, Rogers SO, Schnipper JL (2014) Preoperative glucose as a screening tool in patients without diabetes. J Surg Res 186:371–378PubMedCrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Bock M, Johansson T, Fritsch G et al (2015) The impact of preoperative testing for blood glucose concentration and haemoglobin A1c on mortality, changes in management and complications in noncardiac elective surgery: a systematic review. Eur J Anaesthesiol 32:152–159PubMedCrossRef Bock M, Johansson T, Fritsch G et al (2015) The impact of preoperative testing for blood glucose concentration and haemoglobin A1c on mortality, changes in management and complications in noncardiac elective surgery: a systematic review. Eur J Anaesthesiol 32:152–159PubMedCrossRef
51.
Zurück zum Zitat De Hert S, Staender S, Fritsch G et al (2018) Preoperative evaluation of adults undergoing elective noncardiac surgery: updated guideline from the European Society of Anaesthesiology. Eur J Anaesthesiol 35:407–465PubMedCrossRef De Hert S, Staender S, Fritsch G et al (2018) Preoperative evaluation of adults undergoing elective noncardiac surgery: updated guideline from the European Society of Anaesthesiology. Eur J Anaesthesiol 35:407–465PubMedCrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Rajendran R, Kerry C, Rayman G, on behalf of the MaGIC Study Group (2014) Temporal patterns of hypoglycaemia and burden of sulfonylurea-related hypoglycaemia in UK hospitals: a retrospective multicentre audit of hospitalised patients with diabetes. BMJ Open 4:e5165PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Rajendran R, Kerry C, Rayman G, on behalf of the MaGIC Study Group (2014) Temporal patterns of hypoglycaemia and burden of sulfonylurea-related hypoglycaemia in UK hospitals: a retrospective multicentre audit of hospitalised patients with diabetes. BMJ Open 4:e5165PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Montejano L, Vo L, McMorrow D (2016) Transitions of care for people with type 2 diabetes: utilization of antihyperglycemic agents pre- and post-hospitalization. Diabetes Ther 7:91–103PubMedCrossRef Montejano L, Vo L, McMorrow D (2016) Transitions of care for people with type 2 diabetes: utilization of antihyperglycemic agents pre- and post-hospitalization. Diabetes Ther 7:91–103PubMedCrossRef
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Pasquel FJ, Klein R, Adigweme A et al (2015) Metformin-associated lactic acidosis. Am J Med Sci 349:263–267PubMedCrossRef Pasquel FJ, Klein R, Adigweme A et al (2015) Metformin-associated lactic acidosis. Am J Med Sci 349:263–267PubMedCrossRef
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Vellanki P, Rasouli N, Baldwin D et al (2019) Glycaemic efficacy and safety of linagliptin compared to basal-bolus insulin regimen in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing non-cardiac surgery: a multicentre randomized clinical trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 21:837–843PubMedCrossRef Vellanki P, Rasouli N, Baldwin D et al (2019) Glycaemic efficacy and safety of linagliptin compared to basal-bolus insulin regimen in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing non-cardiac surgery: a multicentre randomized clinical trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 21:837–843PubMedCrossRef
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Garg R, Schuman B, Hurwitz S, Metzger C, Bhandari S (2017) Safety and efficacy of saxagliptin for glycemic control in non-critically ill hospitalized patients. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 5:e394PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Garg R, Schuman B, Hurwitz S, Metzger C, Bhandari S (2017) Safety and efficacy of saxagliptin for glycemic control in non-critically ill hospitalized patients. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 5:e394PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Nyström T, Gutniak MK, Zhang Q et al (2004) Effects of glucagon-like peptide‑1 on endothelial function in type 2 diabetes patients with stable coronary artery disease. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 287:E1209–E1215PubMedCrossRef Nyström T, Gutniak MK, Zhang Q et al (2004) Effects of glucagon-like peptide‑1 on endothelial function in type 2 diabetes patients with stable coronary artery disease. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 287:E1209–E1215PubMedCrossRef
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Sokos GG, Bolukoglu H, German J et al (2007) Effect of glucagon-like peptide‑1 (GLP-1) on glycemic control and left ventricular function in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Am J Cardiol 100:824–829PubMedCrossRef Sokos GG, Bolukoglu H, German J et al (2007) Effect of glucagon-like peptide‑1 (GLP-1) on glycemic control and left ventricular function in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Am J Cardiol 100:824–829PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Bedeutung von Glukosewerten im Krankenhaus
verfasst von
Dr. Michael Jecht
Publikationsdatum
07.03.2022
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Diabetologie / Ausgabe 4/2022
Print ISSN: 2731-7447
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7455
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11428-022-00868-7

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2022

Die Diabetologie 4/2022 Zur Ausgabe

Einführung zum Thema

Diabetes im Krankenhaus

Mitteilungen des BDE

Mitteilungen des BDE

Mitteilungen des BDI

Mitteilungen des BDI

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Neu im Fachgebiet Innere Medizin

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.