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Effects of HIV and Methamphetamine on Brain and Behavior: Evidence from Human Studies and Animal Models

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Abstract

Methamphetamine (Meth) use is frequent among HIV-infected persons. Combined HIV and Meth insults may exacerbate neural injury in vulnerable neuroanatomic structures or circuitries in the brain, leading to increased behavioral disturbance and cognitive impairment. While acute and chronic effects of Meth in humans and animal models have been studied for decades, the neurobehavioral effects of Meth in the context of HIV infection are much less explored. In-depth understanding of the scope of neurobehavioral phenotypes and mechanisms in HIV/Meth intersection is needed. The present report summarizes published research findings, as well as unpublished data, in humans and animal models with regard to neurobehavioral disturbance, neuroimaging, and neuropathology, and in vitro experimental systems, with an emphasis on findings emerging from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) funded Translational Methamphetamine AIDS Research Center (TMARC). Results from human studies and animal (primarily HIV-1 gp120 transgenic mouse) models thus far suggest that combined HIV and Meth insults increase the likelihood of neural injury in the brain. The neurobehavioral effects include cognitive impairment and increased tendencies toward impaired behavioral inhibition and social cognition. These impairments are relevant to behaviors that affect personal and social risks, e.g. worse medication adherence, riskier behaviors, and greater likelihood of HIV transmission. The underlying mechanisms may include electrochemical changes in neuronal circuitries, injury to white matter microstructures, synaptodendritic damage, and selective neuronal loss. Utilization of research methodologies that are valid across species is instrumental in generating new knowledge with clinical translational value.

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Acknowledgments

Part of this work was previously presented at the 2015 Global Health Conference in Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China.

This work was supported by the United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants P50 DA026306 (to I. Grant, G. G. Brown, A. Minassian, A. Bischoff-Grethe, E. E. Morgan, and V. Soontornniyomkij), P01 DA012065 (to I. Grant), T32 DA031098 (to I. Grant), P30 MH062512 (to I. Grant), R01 MH105319 (to V. Soontornniyomkij), R01 MH096648 (to V. Soontornniyomkij), and R01 AG043384 (to V. Soontornniyomkij).

The Translational Methamphetamine AIDS Research Center (TMARC) is supported by Center award P50 DA026306 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and is affiliated with the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), the Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute (SBMRI), and the University of California, Irvine (UCI). The TMARC is composed of: Director – Igor Grant, M.D.; Co-Directors – Ronald J. Ellis, M.D., Ph.D., Scott L. Letendre, M.D., and Cristian L. Achim, M.D., Ph.D.; Center Manager – Mariana Cherner, Ph.D.; Associate Center Manager – Erin E. Morgan, Ph.D.; Assistant Center Manager – Aaron M. Carr, B.A.; Behavioral Assessment and Medical (BAM) Core–Neuromedical and Laboratory Unit (NLU): Scott L. Letendre, M.D. (Core Co-Director/NLU Chief), Ronald J. Ellis, M.D., Ph.D.; BAM Core–Neuropsychiatric Unit (NPU): Robert K. Heaton, Ph.D. (Core Co-Director/NPU Chief), J. Hampton Atkinson, M.D., Thomas D. Marcotte, Ph.D., Erin E. Morgan, Ph.D., Matthew Dawson (NPU Manager); Neuroimaging (NI) Core: Gregory G. Brown, Ph.D. (Core Director), Thomas T. Liu, Ph.D., Miriam Scadeng, Ph.D., Christine Fennema-Notestine, Ph.D., Sarah L. Archibald, M.A., John R. Hesselink, M.D., Mary Jane Meloy, Ph.D., Craig E.L. Stark, Ph.D.; Neuroscience and Animal Models (NAM) Core: Cristian L. Achim, M.D., Ph.D. (Core Director), Marcus Kaul, Ph.D., Virawudh Soontornniyomkij, M.D.; Pilot and Developmental (PAD) Core: Mariana Cherner, Ph.D. (Core Director), Stuart A. Lipton, M.D., Ph.D.; Pilot Study Leaders: Jennifer E. Iudicello, Ph.D., Assawin Gongvatana, Ph.D., Rachel D. Schrier, Ph.D., Virawudh Soontornniyomkij, M.D., Marta Massanella, Ph.D.; Administrative Coordinating Core (ACC)–Data Management and Information Systems (DMIS) Unit: Anthony C. Gamst, Ph.D. (Unit Chief), Clint Cushman, B.A. (Unit Manager); ACC–Statistics Unit: Florin Vaida, Ph.D. (Unit Chief), Ian S. Abramson, Ph.D., Reena Deutsch, Ph.D., Anya Umlauf, M.S.; ACC–Participant Unit: J. Hampton Atkinson, M.D. (Unit Chief), Jennifer Marquie-Beck, M.P.H. (Unit Manager); Project 1: Arpi Minassian, Ph.D. (Project Director), William Perry, Ph.D., Mark A. Geyer, Ph.D., Jared W. Young, Ph.D.; Project 2: Amanda B. Grethe, Ph.D. (Project Director), Susan F. Tapert, Ph.D., Assawin Gongvatana, Ph.D.; Project 3: Erin E. Morgan, Ph.D. (Project Director), Igor Grant, M.D.; Project 4: Svetlana Semenova, Ph.D. (Project Director); Project 5: Marcus Kaul, Ph.D. (Project Director). The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Government.

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  1. James P. Kesby

    Present address: Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld, Australia

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  1. Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0603, USA

    Virawudh Soontornniyomkij, James P. Kesby, Erin E. Morgan, Amanda Bischoff-Grethe, Arpi Minassian, Gregory G. Brown & Igor Grant

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Soontornniyomkij, V., Kesby, J.P., Morgan, E.E. et al. Effects of HIV and Methamphetamine on Brain and Behavior: Evidence from Human Studies and Animal Models. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 11, 495–510 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11481-016-9699-0

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