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Estimating nerve excitation thresholds to cutaneous electrical stimulation by finite element modeling combined with a stochastic branching nerve fiber model

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Abstract

Electrical stimulation of cutaneous tissue through surface electrodes is an often used method for evoking experimental pain. However, at painful intensities both non-nociceptive Aβ-fibers and nociceptive Aδ- and C-fibers may be activated by the electrical stimulation. This study proposes a finite element (FE) model of the extracellular potential and stochastic branching fiber model of the afferent fiber excitation thresholds. The FE model described four horizontal layers; stratum corneum, epidermis, dermis, and hypodermal used to estimate the excitation threshold of Aβ-fibers terminating in dermis and Aδ-fibers terminating in epidermis. The perception thresholds of 11 electrodes with diameters ranging from 0.2 to 20 mm were modeled and assessed on the volar forearm of healthy human volunteers by an adaptive two-alternative forced choice algorithm. The model showed that the magnitude of the current density was highest for smaller electrodes and decreased through the skin. The excitation thresholds of the Aδ-fibers were lower than the excitation thresholds of Aβ-fibers when current was applied through small, but not large electrodes. The experimentally assessed perception threshold followed the lowest excitation threshold of the modeled fibers. The model confirms that preferential excitation of Aδ-fibers may be achieved by small electrode stimulation due to higher current density in the dermoepidermal junction.

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Acknowledgment

The project was financed by The Danish Council for Independent Research | Technology and Production Sciences.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Health Science and Technology, Integrative Neuroscience Group, Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers, Vej 7A2-212, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark

    Carsten Dahl Mørch, Kristian Hennings & Ole Kæseler Andersen

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  1. Carsten Dahl Mørch
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  2. Kristian Hennings
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  3. Ole Kæseler Andersen
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Correspondence to Carsten Dahl Mørch.

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Mørch, C.D., Hennings, K. & Andersen, O.K. Estimating nerve excitation thresholds to cutaneous electrical stimulation by finite element modeling combined with a stochastic branching nerve fiber model. Med Biol Eng Comput 49, 385–395 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-010-0725-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-010-0725-8

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