Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Decreased prefrontal cortex activity in mild traumatic brain injury during performance of an auditory oddball task

  • Original Research
  • Published:
Brain Imaging and Behavior Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Up to one-third of patients with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) demonstrate persistent cognitive deficits in the ‘executive’ function domain. Mild TBI patients have shown prefrontal cortex activity deficits during the performance of executive tasks requiring active information maintenance and manipulation. However, it is unclear whether these deficits are related to the executive processes themselves, or to the degree of mental effort. To determine whether prefrontal deficits also would be found during less effortful forms of executive ability, fMRI images were obtained on 31 mild TBI patients and 31 control participants during three-stimulus auditory oddball task performance. Although patients and controls had similar topographical patterns of brain activity, region-of-interest analysis revealed significantly decreased activity in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for mild TBI patients during target stimulus detection. Between-group analyses found evidence for potential compensatory brain activity during target detection and default-mode network dysfunction only during the detection of novel stimuli.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alvarez, J. A., & Emory, E. (2006). Executive function and the frontal lobes: a meta-analytic review. Neuropsychology Review, 16, 17–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alves, W., Macciocchi, S. N., & Barth, J. T. (1993). Neuropsychiatric correlates of persistent postconcussive syndrome. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 8, 60–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bernstein, D. M. (2002). Information processing difficulty long after self-reported concussion. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 8, 673–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bleckley, M. K., Durso, F. T., Crutchfield, J. M., Engle, R. W., & Khanna, M. M. (2003). Individual differences in working memory capacity predict visual attention allocation. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 10, 884–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brett, M., Johnsrude, I. S., & Owen, A. M. (2002). The problem of functional localization in the human brain. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 3, 243–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Calhoun, V. D., Stevens, M. C., Pearlson, G. D., & Kiehl, K. A. (2004). fMRI analysis with the general linear model: removal of latency-induced amplitude bias by incorporation of hemodynamic derivative terms. Neuroimage, 22, 252–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Calhoun, V. D., Adali, T., Pearlson, G. D., & Kiehl, K. A. (2006). Neuronal chronometry of target detection: fusion of hemodynamic and event-related potential data. Neuroimage, 30, 544–53.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, K., Houle, S., Lorrain, D., Deacon-Elliott, D., & Proulx, G. (1986). Event-related potentials as an index of cognitive functioning in head-injured outpatients. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 38, 486–488.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, K., Suffield, J., & Deacon, D. (1990). Electrophysiological assessment of cognitive disorder in closed head-injured outpatients. Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology, 41, 202. Supplement.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter, P. A., Just, M. A., & Reichle, E. D. (2000). Working memory and executive function: evidence from neuroimaging. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 10, 195–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cauda, F., Micon, B. M., Sacco, K., Duca, S., D'Agata, F., Geminiani, G., et al. (2009). Disrupted intrinsic functional connectivity in the vegetative state. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 80, 429–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, S. H. A., Kareken, D. A., Fastenau, P. S., Trexler, L. E., & Hutchins, G. D. (2003). A study of persistent post-concussion symptoms in mild head trauma using positron emission tomography. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 74, 326–332.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, J. K., Johnston, K. M., Frey, S., Petrides, M., Worsley, K., & Ptito, A. (2004). Functional abnormalities in symptomatic concussed athletes: an MRI study. Neuroimage, 22, 68–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, J. K., Johnston, K. M., Collie, A., McCrory, P., & Ptito, A. (2007). A validation of post concussion symptom scale in the assessment of complex concussion using cognitive testing and functional MRI. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 78, 1231–1238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, J. K., Johnston, K. M., Petrides, M., & Ptito, A. (2008). Neural substrates of symptoms of depression following concussion in male athletes with persisting postconcussion symptoms. Archives of General Psychiatry, 65, 81–88.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, C. R., O'Hanlon, A. P., Wright, M. J., & Geffen, G. M. (1992). Event-related potential measurement of deficits in information processing following moderate to severe closed head injury. Brain Injury, 6, 509–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Colflesh, G., & Conway, A. (2007). Individual differences in working memory capacity and divided attention in dichotic listening. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14, 699–703.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cripe, L. (1987). The neuropsychological assessment and management of closed head injury: general guidelines. Cognitive Rehabilitation, 5, 18–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conway, A., Jarrold, C., Kane, M., Miyake, A., & Towse, J. (2007). Variation in working memory. USA: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Curry, S. (1980). Event-related potentials as indicants of structural and functional damage in closed head injury. Progress in Brain Research, 54, 507.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Curtis, C. E., & D'Esposito, M. (2003). Persistent activity in the prefrontal cortex during working memory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7, 415–423.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Damoiseaux, J. S., Rombouts, S. A., Barkhof, F., Scheltens, P., Stam, C. J., Smith, S. M., et al. (2006). Consistent resting-state networks across healthy subjects. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 103, 13848–53.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de Beaumont, L., Brisson, B., Lassonde, M., & Jolicoeur, P. (2007). Long-term electrophysiological changes in athletes with a history of multiple concussions. Brain Injury, 21, 631–644.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • D'Esposito, M., Detre, J. A., Alsop, D. C., Shin, R. K., Atlas, S., & Grossman, M. (1995). The neural basis of the central executive system of working memory. Nature, 378, 279–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Donchin, E., & Coles, M. G. H. (1988). Is the P300 component a manifestation of context updating. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 11, 357–374.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dosenbach, N. U., Fair, D. A., Miezin, F. M., Cohen, A. L., Wenger, K. K., Dosenbach, R. A., et al. (2007). Distinct brain networks for adaptive and stable task control in humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104, 11073–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duncan, J., & Owen, A. M. (2000). Common regions of the human frontal lobe recruited by diverse cognitive demands. Trends in Neurosciences, 23, 475–83.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duncan, C. C., Kosmidis, M. H., & Mirsky, A. F. (2003). Event-related potential assessment of information processing after closed head injury. Psychophysiology, 40, 45–59.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duncan, C. C., Kosmidis, M. H., & Mirsky, A. F. (2005). Closed head injury-related information processing deficits: an event-related potential analysis. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 58, 133–57.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dupuis, F., Johnston, K. M., Lavoie, M., Lepore, F., & Lassonde, M. (2000). Concussions in athletes produce brain dysfunction as revealed by event-related potentials. NeuroReport, 11, 4087–4092.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elliott, E., Barrilleaux, K., & Cowan, N. (2006). Individual differences in the ability to avoid distracting sounds. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 18, 90–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • First, M. B., Spitzer, R. L., Gibbon, M., Williams, J. B. (1996). Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV Axis I Disorders.

  • Fontaine, A., Azouvi, P., Remy, P., Bussel, B., & Samson, Y. (1999). Functional anatomy of neuropsychological deficits after severe traumatic brain injury. Neurology, 53, 1963–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ford, M., & Khalil, M. (1996). Evoked potential findings in mild traumatic brain injury 1: middle latency component augmentation and cognitive component attenuation. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 11, 1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fox, M. D., & Raichle, M. E. (2007). Spontaneous fluctuations in brain activity observed with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 8, 700–11.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Freire, L., & Mangin, J. F. (2001). Motion correction algorithms may create spurious brain activations in the absence of subject motion. Neuroimage, 14, 709–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Freire, L., Roche, A., & Mangin, J. F. (2002). What is the best similarity measure for motion correction in fMRI time series? IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, 21, 470–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, D., Hamberger, M., & Ritter, W. (1993). Event-related potentials as indicators of repetition priming in young and older adults: amplitude, duration, and scalp distribution. Psychology and Aging, 8, 120–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, D., Goldman, R., Stern, Y., & Brown, T. R. (2009). The brain's orienting response: an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation. Human Brain Mapping, 30, 1144–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Friston, K. J., Holmes, A., Poline, J. B., Price, C. J., & Frith, C. D. (1996). Detecting activations in PET and fMRI: levels of inference and power. Neuroimage, 4, 223–35.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gaetz, M. (2004). The neurophysiology of brain injury. Clinical Neurophysiology, 115, 4–18.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gentilini, M., Nichelli, P., & Schoenhuber, R. (1989). Assessment of attention in mild head injury. Mild head injury, 163–175.

  • Gosselin, N., Thériault, M., Leclerc, S., Montplaisir, J., & Lassonde, M. (2006). Neurophysiological anomalies in symptomatic and asymptomatic concussed athletes. Neurosurgery, 58, 1151–1161.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Greicius, M. D., Krasnow, B., Reiss, A. L., & Menon, V. (2003). Functional connectivity in the resting brain: a network analysis of the default mode hypothesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 100, 253–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gronwall, D. (1989). Cumulative and persisting effects of concussion on attention and cognition. Mild head injury, 153–162.

  • Gronwall, D. (1991). Minor head injury. Neuropsychology, 5, 253–265.

  • Gusnard, D. A., & Raichle, M. E. (2001). Searching for a baseline: functional imaging and the resting human brain. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 2, 685–94.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Halgren, E., Marinkovic, K., & Chauvel, P. (1998). Generators of the late cognitive potentials in auditory and visual oddball tasks. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 106, 156–64.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hartlage, L. C., Durant-Wilson, D., & Patch, P. C. (2001). Persistent neurobehavioral problems following mild traumatic brain injury. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 16, 561–570.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jonides, J., Smith, E. E., Koeppe, R. A., Awh, E., Minoshima, S., & Mintun, M. A. (1993). Spatial working memory in humans as revealed by PET. Nature, 363, 623–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Josephs, O., & Henson, R. N. (1999). Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging: modelling, inference and optimization. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 354, 1215–28.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kato, T., Nakayama, N., Yasokawa, Y., Okumura, A., Shinoda, J., & Iwama, T. (2007). Statistical image analysis of cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with cognitive impairment following diffuse traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurotrauma, 24, 919–26.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kay, T., Harrington, D., Adams, R., Anderson, T., Berrol, S., Cicerone, K., et al. (1993). Definition of mild traumatic brain injury. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 8, 86–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kiehl, K. A., Laurens, K. R., Duty, T. L., Forster, B. B., & Liddle, P. F. (2001). Neural sources involved in auditory target detection and novelty processing: an event-related fMRI study. Psychophysiology, 38, 133–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kiehl, K. A., Stevens, M. C., Laurens, K. R., Pearlson, G., Calhoun, V. D., & Liddle, P. F. (2005). An adaptive reflexive processing model of neurocognitive function: supporting evidence from a large scale (n = 100) fMRI study of an auditory oddball task. Neuroimage, 25, 899–915.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kirino, E., Belger, A., Goldman-Rakic, P., & McCarthy, G. (2000). Prefrontal activation evoked by infrequent target and novel stimuli in a visual target detection task: an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study. The Journal of Neuroscience, 20, 6612–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kok, A. (2001). On the utility of P3 amplitude as a measure of processing capacity. Psychophysiology, 38, 557–77.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lancaster, J. L., Rainey, L. H., Summerlin, J. L., Freitas, C. S., Fox, P. T., Evans, A. C., et al. (1997). Automated labeling of the human brain: a preliminary report on the development and evaluation of a forward-transform method. Human Brain Mapping, 5, 238–242.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lancaster, J. L., Woldorff, M. G., Parsons, L. M., Liotti, M., Freitas, C. S., Rainey, L., et al. (2000). Automated Talairach atlas labels for functional brain mapping. Human Brain Mapping, 10, 120–31.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lavoie, M. E., Dupuis, F., Johnston, K. M., Leclerc, S., & Lassonde, M. (2004). Visual P300 effects beyond symptoms in concussed college athletes. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 26, 55–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leininger, B. E., Gramling, S. E., Farrell, A. D., Kreutzer, J. S., & Peck, E. A., 3rd (1990). Neuropsychological deficits in symptomatic minor head injury patients after concussion and mild concussion. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 53, 293–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levin, H. S., & Grossman, R. G. (1978). Behavioral sequelae of closed head injury. A quantitative study. Arch Neurol, 35, 720–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levin, H. S., High, W. M., Jr., Ewing-Cobbs, L., Fletcher, J. M., Eisenberg, H. M., Miner, M. E., et al. (1988). Memory functioning during the first year after closed head injury in children and adolescents. Neurosurgery, 22, 1043–52.

  • Levin, H. S., Mattis, S., Ruff, R. M., Eisenberg, H. M., Marshall, L. F., Tabaddor, K., et al. (1987). Neurobehavioral outcome following minor head injury: a three-center study. J Neurosurg, 66, 234–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levine, B., Cabeza, R., McIntosh, A., Black, S., Grady, C., & Stuss, D. (2002). Functional reorganization of memory after traumatic brain injury: a study with H2O15 positron emission tomography. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 73, 173–181.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levine, B., Fujiwara, E., O'Connor, C., Richard, N., Kovacevic, N., Mandic, M., et al. (2006). In vivo characterization of traumatic brain injury neuropathology with structural and functional neuroimaging. Journal of Neurotrauma, 23, 1396–411.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lewine, J. D., Davis, J. T., Bigler, E. D., Thoma, R., Hill, D., Funke, M., et al. (2007). Objective documentation of traumatic brain injury subsequent to mild head trauma: multimodal brain imaging with MEG, SPECT, and MRI. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 22, 141–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Linden, D. E. (2005). The p300: where in the brain is it produced and what does it tell us? The Neuroscientist, 11, 563–76.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lovell, M. R., Pardini, J. E., Welling, J., Collins, M. W., Bakal, J., Lazar, N., et al. (2007). Functional brain abnormalities are related to clinical recovery and time to return-to-play in athletes. Neurosurgery, 61, 352–360.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mayer, A. R., Mannell, M. V., Ling, J., Elgie, R., Gasparovic, C., Phillips, J. P., et al. (2009). Auditory orienting and inhibition of return in mild traumatic brain injury: a FMRI study. Human Brain Mapping, 30, 4152–66.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McAllister, T. W., Saykin, A. J., Flashman, L. A., Sparling, M. B., Johnson, S. C., Guerin, S. J., et al. (1999). Brain activation during working memory 1 month after mild traumatic brain injury: a functional MRI study. Neurology, 53, 1300–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McAllister, T. W., Flashman, L. A., McDonald, B. C., & Saykin, A. J. (2006). Mechanisms of working memory dysfunction after mild and moderate TBI: evidence from functional MRI and neurogenetics. Journal of Neurotrauma, 23, 1450–67.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy, G., Luby, M., Gore, J., & Goldman-Rakic, P. (1997). Infrequent events transiently activate human prefrontal and parietal cortex as measured by functional MRI. Journal of Neurophysiology, 77, 1630–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McCrea, M. (2008). Mild traumatic brain injury and postconcussion syndrome: The new evidence base for diagnosis and treatment. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McMillan, T. M. (1997). Minor head injury. Curr Opin Neurol, 10, 479–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • McMillan, T. M., & Glucksman E. E. (1987). The neuropsychology of moderate head injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 50, 393–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller E. K., & Cohen, J. D. (2001). An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function. Annu Rev Neurosci, 24, 167–202.

    Google Scholar 

  • Naatanen, R., & Picton, T. W. (1986). N2 and automatic versus controlled processes. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology Supplement, 38, 169–86.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Naatanen, R., Pakarinen, S., Rinne, T., & Takegata, R. (2004). The mismatch negativity (MMN): towards the optimal paradigm. Clinical Neurophysiology, 115, 140–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Petrides, M. (1991). Monitoring of selections of visual stimuli and the primate frontal cortex. Proc Biol Sci, 246, 293–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Picton, T. W. (1992). The P300 wave of the human event-related potential. Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology, 9, 456–79.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Picton, T., & Hillyard, S. (1988). Endogenous event-related potentials. Handbook of electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology, 3, 361–426.

    Google Scholar 

  • Polich, J., & Kok, A. (1995). Cognitive and biological determinants of P300: an integrative review. Biological Psychology, 41, 103–46.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Poole, B. J., & Kane, M. J. (2009). Working-memory capacity predicts the executive control of visual search among distractors: the influences of sustained and selective attention. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (Colchester), 62, 1430–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Potter, D. D., Bassett, M. R. A., Jory, S. H., & Barrett, K. (2001). Changes in event-related potentials in a three-stimulus auditory oddball task after mild head injury. Neuropsychologia, 39, 1464–1472.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Powell, T. J., Collin, C., & Sutton, K. (1996). A follow-up study of patients hospitalized after minor head injury. Disability and Rehabilitation: An International Multidisciplinary Journal, 18, 231–237.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ptito, A., Chen, J. K., & Johnston, K. M. (2007). Contributions of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to sport concussion evaluation. NeuroRehabilitation, 22, 217–227.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Redick, T. S., & Engle, R. W. (2006). Working memory capacity and attention network test performance. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 20, 713–721.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ricker, J., Hillary, F., & DeLuca, J. (2001). Functionally activated brain imaging (O-15 PET and fMRI) in the study of learning and memory after traumatic brain injury. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 16, 191–205.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ruff, R. M., & Weyer Jamora, C. (2009). Myths and mild traumatic brain injury. Psychological Injury and Law, 2, 34–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Segalowitz, S. J., Dywan, J., & Unsal, A. (1997). Attentional factors in response time variability after traumatic brain injury: an ERP study. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 3, 95–107.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Segalowitz, S. J., Bernstein, D. M., & Lawson, S. (2001). P300 event-related potential decrements in well-functioning university students with mild head injury. Brain and Cognition, 45, 342–56.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shin, Y. B., Kim, S. J., Kim, I. J., Kim, Y. K., Kim, D. S., Park, J. H., et al. (2006). Voxel-based statistical analysis of cerebral blood flow using Tc-99 m ECD brain SPECT in patients with traumatic brain injury: group and individual analyses. Brain Injury, 20, 661–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, E. E., & Jonides, J. (1999). Storage and executive processes in the frontal lobes. Science, 283, 1657–1661.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, M. E., Halgren, E., Sokolik, M., Baudena, P., Musolino, A., Liegeois-Chauvel, C., et al. (1990). The intracranial topography of the P3 event-related potential elicited during auditory oddball. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 76, 235–48.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smits, M., Dippel, D. W., Houston, G. C., Wielopolski, P. A., Koudstaal, P. J., Hunink, M. G., et al. (2009). Postconcussion syndrome after mild head injury: brain activation of working memory and attention. Human Brain Mapping, 30, 2789–803.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Solbakk, A. K., Reinvang, I., Nielsen, C., & Sundet, K. (1999). ERP indicators of disturbed attention in mild closed head injury: a frontal lobe syndrome? Psychophysiology, 36, 802–17.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Solbakk, A. K., Reinvang, I., & Nielsen, C. S. (2000). ERP indices of resource allocation difficulties in mild head injury. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 22, 743–60.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sosin, D., Sniezek, J., & Thurman, D. (1996). Incidence of mild and moderate brain injury in the United States, 1991. Brain Injury, 10, 47–54.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, M. C., Calhoun, V. D., & Kiehl, K. A. (2005a). fMRI in an oddball task: effects of target-to-target interval. Psychophysiology, 42, 636–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, M. C., Calhoun, V. D., & Kiehl, K. A. (2005b). Hemispheric differences in hemodynamics elicited by auditory oddball stimuli. Neuroimage, 26, 782–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, M. C., Pearlson, G. D., & Kiehl, K. A. (2007). An FMRI auditory oddball study of combined-subtype attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 1737–49.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stranjalis, G., Triantafyllos, B., Korfias, S., Andrianakis, I., Pitaridis, M., Tsamandouraki, K., et al. (2008). Outcome in 1, 000 head injury hospital admissions: The Athens Head Trauma Registry. Journal of Trauma Injury, Infection and Critical Care, 65, 789–793.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strobel, A., Debener, S., Sorger, B., Peters, J. C., Kranczioch, C., Hoechstetter, K., et al. (2008). Novelty and target processing during an auditory novelty oddball: a simultaneous event-related potential and functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Neuroimage, 40, 869–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stuss, D. T., Ely, P., Hugenholtz, H., Richard, M. T., LaRochelle, S., Poirier, C. A., et al. (1985). Subtle neuropsychological deficits in patients with good recovery after closed head injury. Neurosurgery, 17, 41–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stuss, D. T., Stethem, L. L., Hugenholtz, H., Picton, T., Pivik, J., & Richard, M. T. (1989). Reaction time after head injury: fatigue, divided and focused attention, and consistency of performance. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 52, 742–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sutton, S., Braren, M., Zubin, J., & John, E. R. (1965). Evoked-potential correlates of stimulus uncertainty. Science, 150, 1187–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • von Wild, K. H. N. (2008). Posttraumatic rehabilitation and 1 year outcome following acute traumatic brain injury (TBI). Data from the well-define population based German prospective study 2000–2002. Acta Neurochirgica Supplementum, 101, 55–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wager, T. D., & Smith, E. E. (2003). Neuroimaging studies of working memory: a meta-analysis. Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience, 3, 255–274.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, ONRC, Whitehall Building, Hartford, CT, 06106, USA

    Suzanne T. Witt

  2. Department of Neurosurgery, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA

    David W. Lovejoy

  3. Department of Traumatology & Emergency Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA

    David W. Lovejoy

  4. Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA

    Godfrey D. Pearlson & Michael C. Stevens

  5. Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

    Godfrey D. Pearlson & Michael C. Stevens

  6. Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

    Godfrey D. Pearlson

Authors
  1. Suzanne T. Witt
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. David W. Lovejoy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Godfrey D. Pearlson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Michael C. Stevens
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Suzanne T. Witt.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Witt, S.T., Lovejoy, D.W., Pearlson, G.D. et al. Decreased prefrontal cortex activity in mild traumatic brain injury during performance of an auditory oddball task. Brain Imaging and Behavior 4, 232–247 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-010-9102-3

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-010-9102-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation