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Neuroimaging biomarkers and cognitive function in non-CNS cancer and its treatment: Current status and recommendations for future research

  • SI: Neuroimaging Studies of Cancer and Cancer Treatment
  • Published:
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Abstract

Cognitive changes in patients undergoing treatment for non-central nervous system (CNS) cancers have been recognized for several decades, yet the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Structural, functional and molecular neuroimaging has the potential to help clarify the neural bases of these cognitive abnormalities. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional MRI (fMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), MR spectroscopy (MRS), and positron emission tomography (PET) have all been employed in the study of cognitive effects of cancer treatment, with most studies focusing on breast cancer and changes thought to be induced by chemotherapy. Articles in this special issue of Brain Imaging and Behavior are devoted to neuroimaging studies of cognitive changes in patients with non-CNS cancer and include comprehensive critical reviews and novel research findings. The broad conclusions that can be drawn from past studies and the present body of new research is that there are structural and functional changes associated with cancer and various treatments, particularly systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy, although some cognitive and fMRI studies have identified changes at pre-treatment baseline. Recommendations to accelerate progress include well-powered multicenter neuroimaging studies, a better standardized definition of the cognitive phenotype and extension to other cancers. A systems biology framework incorporating multimodality neuroimaging, genetics and other biomarkers will be highly informative regarding individual differences in risk and protective factors and disease- and treatment-related mechanisms. Studies of interventions targeting cognitive changes are also needed. These next steps are expected to identify novel protective strategies and facilitate a more personalized medicine for cancer patients.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank the Organizing Committee of the International Cognition and Cancer Task Force (ICCTF; http://www.icctf.com/). This project and special issue are an outgrowth of the Neuroimaging Working Group of the ICCTF. The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the following funding sources. Drs. Saykin and McDonald: Supported in part by the National Cancer Institute (R01 CA101318, P30 CA082709 and R25 CA117865), the National Institute on Aging (R01 AG19771, P30 AG10133), and the National Library of Medicine (R01 LM011360). Dr. de Ruiter: Supported by the Dutch Cancer Society, Grant numbers KWF 2009–4284; KWF 2010–4894; KWF 2012–5495. Dr. Deprez: The Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek–Vlaanderen (Grant No. G.048010N) and by the Stichting tegen Kanker. Dr. Silverman: National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (R21 NS071385).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and the Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, 355 W. 16th St., Goodman Hall, Suite 4100, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA

    Andrew J. Saykin & Brenna C. McDonald

  2. Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Michiel B. de Ruiter

  3. Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Michiel B. de Ruiter

  4. Radiology, University Hospital Leuven & Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

    Sabine Deprez

  5. Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Daniel H. S. Silverman

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Correspondence to Andrew J. Saykin.

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Saykin, A.J., de Ruiter, M.B., McDonald, B.C. et al. Neuroimaging biomarkers and cognitive function in non-CNS cancer and its treatment: Current status and recommendations for future research. Brain Imaging and Behavior 7, 363–373 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-013-9283-7

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