Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Current Diabetes Reports 9/2018

01.09.2018 | Diabetes Epidemiology (E Selvin and K Foti, Section Editors)

Neighborhood Environments and Diabetes Risk and Control

verfasst von: Usama Bilal, Amy H. Auchincloss, Ana V. Diez-Roux

Erschienen in: Current Diabetes Reports | Ausgabe 9/2018

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose of Review

The objective of this review is to highlight the evidence on the association between contextual characteristics of residential environments and type 2 diabetes, to provide an overview of the methodological challenges and to outline potential topics for future research in this field.

Recent Findings

The link between neighborhood socioeconomic status or deprivation and diabetes prevalence, incidence, and control is robust and has been replicated in numerous settings, including in experimental and quasi-experimental studies. The association between characteristics of the built environment that affect physical activity, other aspects of the built environment, and diabetes risk is robust. There is also evidence for an association between food environments and diabetes risk, but some conflicting results have emerged in this area.

Summary

While the evidence base on the association of neighborhood socioeconomic status and built and physical environments and diabetes is large and robust, challenges remain related to confounding due to neighborhood selection. Moreover, we also outline five paths forward for future research on the role of neighborhood environments on diabetes.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Selvin E, Parrinello CM, Sacks DB, Coresh J. TRends in prevalence and control of diabetes in the United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2010. Ann Intern Med. 2014;160(8):517–25.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Selvin E, Parrinello CM, Sacks DB, Coresh J. TRends in prevalence and control of diabetes in the United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2010. Ann Intern Med. 2014;160(8):517–25.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Menke A, Rust KF, Fradkin J, Cheng YJ, Cowie CC. Associations between trends in race/ethnicity, aging, and body mass index with diabetes prevalence in the United States: a series of cross-sectional studies. Ann Intern Med. 2014;161(5):328–35.CrossRefPubMed Menke A, Rust KF, Fradkin J, Cheng YJ, Cowie CC. Associations between trends in race/ethnicity, aging, and body mass index with diabetes prevalence in the United States: a series of cross-sectional studies. Ann Intern Med. 2014;161(5):328–35.CrossRefPubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Menke A, Casagrande S, Geiss L, Cowie CC. Prevalence of and trends in diabetes among adults in the United States, 1988-2012. JAMA. 2015;314(10):1021–9.CrossRefPubMed Menke A, Casagrande S, Geiss L, Cowie CC. Prevalence of and trends in diabetes among adults in the United States, 1988-2012. JAMA. 2015;314(10):1021–9.CrossRefPubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Selvin E, Wang D, Lee AK, Bergenstal RM, Coresh J. Identifying trends in undiagnosed diabetes in US. adults by using a confirmatory definition: a cross-sectional study. Ann Intern Med. 2017;167(11):769–76.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Selvin E, Wang D, Lee AK, Bergenstal RM, Coresh J. Identifying trends in undiagnosed diabetes in US. adults by using a confirmatory definition: a cross-sectional study. Ann Intern Med. 2017;167(11):769–76.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
5.
Zurück zum Zitat NCD-RisC. Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: a pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants. Lancet. 2016;387(10027):1513–30.CrossRef NCD-RisC. Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: a pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants. Lancet. 2016;387(10027):1513–30.CrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Espelt A, Borrell C, Roskam AJ, Rodríguez-Sanz M, Stirbu I, Dalmau-Bueno A, et al. Socioeconomic inequalities in diabetes mellitus across Europe at the beginning of the 21st century. Diabetologia. 2008;51(11):1971–9.CrossRefPubMed Espelt A, Borrell C, Roskam AJ, Rodríguez-Sanz M, Stirbu I, Dalmau-Bueno A, et al. Socioeconomic inequalities in diabetes mellitus across Europe at the beginning of the 21st century. Diabetologia. 2008;51(11):1971–9.CrossRefPubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Agardh E, Allebeck P, Hallqvist J, Moradi T, Sidorchuk A. Type 2 diabetes incidence and socio-economic position: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Epidemiol. 2011;40(3):804–18.CrossRefPubMed Agardh E, Allebeck P, Hallqvist J, Moradi T, Sidorchuk A. Type 2 diabetes incidence and socio-economic position: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Epidemiol. 2011;40(3):804–18.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Dandona L, Dandona R, Kumar GA, Shukla D, Paul VK, Balakrishnan K, et al. Nations within a nation: variations in epidemiological transition across the states of India, 1990–2016 in the global burden of disease study. Lancet. 2017;390(10111):2437–60.CrossRef Dandona L, Dandona R, Kumar GA, Shukla D, Paul VK, Balakrishnan K, et al. Nations within a nation: variations in epidemiological transition across the states of India, 1990–2016 in the global burden of disease study. Lancet. 2017;390(10111):2437–60.CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Franco M, Bilal U, Diez-Roux AV. Preventing non-communicable diseases through structural changes in urban environments. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2015;69(6):509–11.CrossRefPubMed Franco M, Bilal U, Diez-Roux AV. Preventing non-communicable diseases through structural changes in urban environments. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2015;69(6):509–11.CrossRefPubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Oakes JM, Andrade KE, Biyoow IM, Cowan LT. Twenty years of neighborhood effect research: an assessment. Curr Epide Rep. 2015;2(1):80–7.CrossRef Oakes JM, Andrade KE, Biyoow IM, Cowan LT. Twenty years of neighborhood effect research: an assessment. Curr Epide Rep. 2015;2(1):80–7.CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Diez-Roux AV. Neighborhoods and health: where are we and were do we go from here?: environnement résidentiel et santé: état de la question et perspectives pour le futur. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 2007;55(1):13–21.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Diez-Roux AV. Neighborhoods and health: where are we and were do we go from here?: environnement résidentiel et santé: état de la question et perspectives pour le futur. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 2007;55(1):13–21.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Chaikiat Å, Li X, Bennet L, Sundquist K. Neighborhood deprivation and inequities in coronary heart disease among patients with diabetes mellitus: a multilevel study of 334,000 patients. Health Place. 2012;18(4):877–82.CrossRefPubMed Chaikiat Å, Li X, Bennet L, Sundquist K. Neighborhood deprivation and inequities in coronary heart disease among patients with diabetes mellitus: a multilevel study of 334,000 patients. Health Place. 2012;18(4):877–82.CrossRefPubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Booth GL, Bishara P, Lipscombe LL, Shah BR, Feig DS, Bhattacharyya O, et al. Universal drug coverage and socioeconomic disparities in major diabetes outcomes. Diabetes Care. 2012;35(11):2257–64.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Booth GL, Bishara P, Lipscombe LL, Shah BR, Feig DS, Bhattacharyya O, et al. Universal drug coverage and socioeconomic disparities in major diabetes outcomes. Diabetes Care. 2012;35(11):2257–64.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Hamano T, Li X, Tanito M, Nabika T, Shiwaku K, Sundquist J, et al. Neighborhood deprivation and risk of age-related eye diseases: a follow-up study in Sweden. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2015;22(5):308–20.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Hamano T, Li X, Tanito M, Nabika T, Shiwaku K, Sundquist J, et al. Neighborhood deprivation and risk of age-related eye diseases: a follow-up study in Sweden. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2015;22(5):308–20.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Leese GP, Feng Z, Leese RM, Dibben C, Emslie-Smith A. Impact of health-care accessibility and social deprivation on diabetes related foot disease. Diabet Med. 2013;30(4):484–90.CrossRefPubMed Leese GP, Feng Z, Leese RM, Dibben C, Emslie-Smith A. Impact of health-care accessibility and social deprivation on diabetes related foot disease. Diabet Med. 2013;30(4):484–90.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Wilf-Miron R, Peled R, Yaari E, Shem-Tov O, Weinner VA, Porath A, et al. Disparities in diabetes care: role of the patient's socio-demographic characteristics. BMC Public Health. 2010;10:729.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Wilf-Miron R, Peled R, Yaari E, Shem-Tov O, Weinner VA, Porath A, et al. Disparities in diabetes care: role of the patient's socio-demographic characteristics. BMC Public Health. 2010;10:729.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
18.
Zurück zum Zitat James GD, Baker P, Badrick E, Mathur R, Hull S, Robson J. Ethnic and social disparity in glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes; cohort study in general practice 2004-9. J R Soc Med. 2012;105(7):300–8.CrossRefPubMed James GD, Baker P, Badrick E, Mathur R, Hull S, Robson J. Ethnic and social disparity in glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes; cohort study in general practice 2004-9. J R Soc Med. 2012;105(7):300–8.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Mezuk B, Chaikiat Å, Li X, Sundquist J, Kendler KS, Sundquist K. Depression, neighborhood deprivation and risk of type 2 diabetes. Health Place. 2013;23:63–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Mezuk B, Chaikiat Å, Li X, Sundquist J, Kendler KS, Sundquist K. Depression, neighborhood deprivation and risk of type 2 diabetes. Health Place. 2013;23:63–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Sundquist K, Eriksson U, Mezuk B, Ohlsson H. Neighborhood walkability, deprivation and incidence of type 2 diabetes: a population-based study on 512,061 Swedish adults. Health Place. 2015;31:24–30.CrossRefPubMed Sundquist K, Eriksson U, Mezuk B, Ohlsson H. Neighborhood walkability, deprivation and incidence of type 2 diabetes: a population-based study on 512,061 Swedish adults. Health Place. 2015;31:24–30.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat White JS, Hamad R, Li X, Basu S, Ohlsson H, Sundquist J, et al. Long-term effects of neighbourhood deprivation on diabetes risk: quasi-experimental evidence from a refugee dispersal policy in Sweden. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2016;4(6):517–24.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral White JS, Hamad R, Li X, Basu S, Ohlsson H, Sundquist J, et al. Long-term effects of neighbourhood deprivation on diabetes risk: quasi-experimental evidence from a refugee dispersal policy in Sweden. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2016;4(6):517–24.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Müller G, Wellmann J, Hartwig S, Greiser KH, Moebus S, Jöckel KH, et al. Association of neighbourhood unemployment rate with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in five German regions. Diabet Med. 2015;32(8):1017–22.CrossRefPubMed Müller G, Wellmann J, Hartwig S, Greiser KH, Moebus S, Jöckel KH, et al. Association of neighbourhood unemployment rate with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in five German regions. Diabet Med. 2015;32(8):1017–22.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Gaskin DJ, Thorpe RJ, McGinty EE, Bower K, Rohde C, Young JH, et al. Disparities in diabetes: the nexus of race, poverty, and place. Am J Public Health. 2014;104(11):2147–55.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Gaskin DJ, Thorpe RJ, McGinty EE, Bower K, Rohde C, Young JH, et al. Disparities in diabetes: the nexus of race, poverty, and place. Am J Public Health. 2014;104(11):2147–55.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Ludwig J, Sanbonmatsu L, Gennetian L, Adam E, Duncan GJ, Katz LF, et al. Neighborhoods, obesity, and diabetes—a randomized social experiment. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(16):1509–19.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Ludwig J, Sanbonmatsu L, Gennetian L, Adam E, Duncan GJ, Katz LF, et al. Neighborhoods, obesity, and diabetes—a randomized social experiment. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(16):1509–19.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Mirowsky JE, Devlin RB, Diaz-Sanchez D, Cascio W, Grabich SC, Haynes C, et al. A novel approach for measuring residential socioeconomic factors associated with cardiovascular and metabolic health. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2017;27(3):281–9.CrossRefPubMed Mirowsky JE, Devlin RB, Diaz-Sanchez D, Cascio W, Grabich SC, Haynes C, et al. A novel approach for measuring residential socioeconomic factors associated with cardiovascular and metabolic health. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2017;27(3):281–9.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Rachele JN, Giles-Corti B, Turrell G. Neighbourhood disadvantage and self-reported type 2 diabetes, heart disease and comorbidity: a cross-sectional multilevel study. Ann Epidemiol. 2016;26(2):146–50.CrossRefPubMed Rachele JN, Giles-Corti B, Turrell G. Neighbourhood disadvantage and self-reported type 2 diabetes, heart disease and comorbidity: a cross-sectional multilevel study. Ann Epidemiol. 2016;26(2):146–50.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Garcia L, Lee A, Zeki Al Hazzouri A, Neuhaus J, Epstein M, Haan M. The impact of neighborhood socioeconomic position on prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in older Latinos: the Sacramento area Latino study on aging. Hisp Health Care Int. 2015;13(2):77–85.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Garcia L, Lee A, Zeki Al Hazzouri A, Neuhaus J, Epstein M, Haan M. The impact of neighborhood socioeconomic position on prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in older Latinos: the Sacramento area Latino study on aging. Hisp Health Care Int. 2015;13(2):77–85.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Müller G, Kluttig A, Greiser KH, Moebus S, Slomiany U, Schipf S, et al. Regional and neighborhood disparities in the odds of type 2 diabetes: results from 5 population-based studies in Germany (DIAB-CORE consortium). Am J Epidemiol. 2013;178(2):221–30.CrossRefPubMed Müller G, Kluttig A, Greiser KH, Moebus S, Slomiany U, Schipf S, et al. Regional and neighborhood disparities in the odds of type 2 diabetes: results from 5 population-based studies in Germany (DIAB-CORE consortium). Am J Epidemiol. 2013;178(2):221–30.CrossRefPubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Mueller G, Berger K. The influence of neighbourhood deprivation on the prevalence of diabetes in 25- to 74-year-old individuals: first results from the Dortmund health study. Diabet Med. 2012;29(6):831–3.CrossRefPubMed Mueller G, Berger K. The influence of neighbourhood deprivation on the prevalence of diabetes in 25- to 74-year-old individuals: first results from the Dortmund health study. Diabet Med. 2012;29(6):831–3.CrossRefPubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Corriere MD, Yao W, Xue QL, Cappola AR, Fried LP, Thorpe RJ, et al. The association of neighborhood characteristics with obesity and metabolic conditions in older women. J Nutr Health Aging. 2014;18(9):792–8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Corriere MD, Yao W, Xue QL, Cappola AR, Fried LP, Thorpe RJ, et al. The association of neighborhood characteristics with obesity and metabolic conditions in older women. J Nutr Health Aging. 2014;18(9):792–8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang YT, Mujahid MS, Laraia BA, Warton EM, Blanchard SD, Moffet HH, et al. Association between neighborhood supermarket presence and glycated hemoglobin levels among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Epidemiol. 2017;185(12):1297–303.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Zhang YT, Mujahid MS, Laraia BA, Warton EM, Blanchard SD, Moffet HH, et al. Association between neighborhood supermarket presence and glycated hemoglobin levels among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Epidemiol. 2017;185(12):1297–303.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Richardson AS, Ghosh-Dastidar M, Beckman R, Flórez KR, DeSantis A, Collins RL, et al. Can the introduction of a full-service supermarket in a food desert improve residents' economic status and health? Ann Epidemiol. 2017;27(12):771–6.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Richardson AS, Ghosh-Dastidar M, Beckman R, Flórez KR, DeSantis A, Collins RL, et al. Can the introduction of a full-service supermarket in a food desert improve residents' economic status and health? Ann Epidemiol. 2017;27(12):771–6.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Polsky JY, Moineddin R, Glazier RH, Dunn JR, Booth GL. Relative and absolute availability of fast-food restaurants in relation to the development of diabetes: a population-based cohort study. Can J Public Health. 2016;107(Suppl 1):5312.PubMed Polsky JY, Moineddin R, Glazier RH, Dunn JR, Booth GL. Relative and absolute availability of fast-food restaurants in relation to the development of diabetes: a population-based cohort study. Can J Public Health. 2016;107(Suppl 1):5312.PubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Bodicoat DH, Carter P, Comber A, Edwardson C, Gray LJ, Hill S, et al. Is the number of fast-food outlets in the neighbourhood related to screen-detected type 2 diabetes mellitus and associated risk factors? Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(9):1698–705.CrossRefPubMed Bodicoat DH, Carter P, Comber A, Edwardson C, Gray LJ, Hill S, et al. Is the number of fast-food outlets in the neighbourhood related to screen-detected type 2 diabetes mellitus and associated risk factors? Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(9):1698–705.CrossRefPubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Mezuk B, Li X, Cederin K, Rice K, Sundquist J, Sundquist K. Beyond access: characteristics of the food environment and risk of diabetes. Am J Epidemiol. 2016;183(12):1129–37.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Mezuk B, Li X, Cederin K, Rice K, Sundquist J, Sundquist K. Beyond access: characteristics of the food environment and risk of diabetes. Am J Epidemiol. 2016;183(12):1129–37.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Gebreab SY, Hickson DA, Sims M, Wyatt SB, Davis SK, Correa A, et al. Neighborhood social and physical environments and type 2 diabetes mellitus in African Americans: the Jackson heart study. Health Place. 2017;43:128–37.CrossRefPubMed Gebreab SY, Hickson DA, Sims M, Wyatt SB, Davis SK, Correa A, et al. Neighborhood social and physical environments and type 2 diabetes mellitus in African Americans: the Jackson heart study. Health Place. 2017;43:128–37.CrossRefPubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Christine PJ, Auchincloss AH, Bertoni AG, Carnethon MR, Sanchez BN, Moore K, et al. Longitudinal associations between neighborhood physical and social environments and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA). JAMA Intern Med. 2015;175(8):1311–20.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Christine PJ, Auchincloss AH, Bertoni AG, Carnethon MR, Sanchez BN, Moore K, et al. Longitudinal associations between neighborhood physical and social environments and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA). JAMA Intern Med. 2015;175(8):1311–20.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Tabaei BP, Rundle AG, Wu WY, Horowitz CR, Mayer V, Sheehan DM, et al. Associations of residential socioeconomic, food, and built environments with glycemic control in persons with diabetes in new York City from 2007–2013. Am J Epidemiol. 2018;187(4):736–45.CrossRefPubMed Tabaei BP, Rundle AG, Wu WY, Horowitz CR, Mayer V, Sheehan DM, et al. Associations of residential socioeconomic, food, and built environments with glycemic control in persons with diabetes in new York City from 2007–2013. Am J Epidemiol. 2018;187(4):736–45.CrossRefPubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Creatore MI, Glazier RH, Moineddin R, Fazli GS, Johns A, Gozdyra P, et al. Association of neighborhood walkability with change in overweight, obesity, and diabetes. JAMA. 2016;315(20):2211–20.CrossRefPubMed Creatore MI, Glazier RH, Moineddin R, Fazli GS, Johns A, Gozdyra P, et al. Association of neighborhood walkability with change in overweight, obesity, and diabetes. JAMA. 2016;315(20):2211–20.CrossRefPubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Booth GL, Creatore MI, Moineddin R, Gozdyra P, Weyman JT, Matheson FI, et al. Unwalkable neighborhoods, poverty, and the risk of diabetes among recent immigrants to Canada compared with long-term residents. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(2):302–8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Booth GL, Creatore MI, Moineddin R, Gozdyra P, Weyman JT, Matheson FI, et al. Unwalkable neighborhoods, poverty, and the risk of diabetes among recent immigrants to Canada compared with long-term residents. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(2):302–8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Sundquist K, Eriksson U, Mezuk B, Ohlsson H. Neighborhood walkability, deprivation and incidence of type 2 diabetes: a population-based study on 512,061 Swedish adults. Health Place. 2015;31:24–30.CrossRefPubMed Sundquist K, Eriksson U, Mezuk B, Ohlsson H. Neighborhood walkability, deprivation and incidence of type 2 diabetes: a population-based study on 512,061 Swedish adults. Health Place. 2015;31:24–30.CrossRefPubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Loo CK, Greiver M, Aliarzadeh B, Lewis D. Association between neighbourhood walkability and metabolic risk factors influenced by physical activity: a cross-sectional study of adults in Toronto, Canada. BMJ Open. 2017;7(4):e013889.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Loo CK, Greiver M, Aliarzadeh B, Lewis D. Association between neighbourhood walkability and metabolic risk factors influenced by physical activity: a cross-sectional study of adults in Toronto, Canada. BMJ Open. 2017;7(4):e013889.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Müller-Riemenschneider F, Pereira G, Villanueva K, Christian H, Knuiman M, Giles-Corti B, et al. Neighborhood walkability and cardiometabolic risk factors in Australian adults: an observational study. BMC Public Health. 2013;13(1):755.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Müller-Riemenschneider F, Pereira G, Villanueva K, Christian H, Knuiman M, Giles-Corti B, et al. Neighborhood walkability and cardiometabolic risk factors in Australian adults: an observational study. BMC Public Health. 2013;13(1):755.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Paquet C, Coffee NT, Haren MT, Howard NJ, Adams RJ, Taylor AW, et al. Food environment, walkability, and public open spaces are associated with incident development of cardio-metabolic risk factors in a biomedical cohort. Health & Place. 2014;28:173–6.CrossRef Paquet C, Coffee NT, Haren MT, Howard NJ, Adams RJ, Taylor AW, et al. Food environment, walkability, and public open spaces are associated with incident development of cardio-metabolic risk factors in a biomedical cohort. Health & Place. 2014;28:173–6.CrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Astell-Burt T, Feng X, Kolt GS. Is neighborhood green space associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes? Evidence from 267,072 Australians. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(1):197–201.CrossRefPubMed Astell-Burt T, Feng X, Kolt GS. Is neighborhood green space associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes? Evidence from 267,072 Australians. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(1):197–201.CrossRefPubMed
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Bodicoat DH, O'Donovan G, Dalton AM, Gray LJ, Yates T, Edwardson C, et al. The association between neighbourhood greenspace and type 2 diabetes in a large cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2014;4(12):e006076.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Bodicoat DH, O'Donovan G, Dalton AM, Gray LJ, Yates T, Edwardson C, et al. The association between neighbourhood greenspace and type 2 diabetes in a large cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2014;4(12):e006076.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Dalton AM, Jones AP, Sharp SJ, Cooper AJ, Griffin S, Wareham NJ. Residential neighbourhood greenspace is associated with reduced risk of incident diabetes in older people: a prospective cohort study. BMC Public Health. 2016;16(1):1171.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Dalton AM, Jones AP, Sharp SJ, Cooper AJ, Griffin S, Wareham NJ. Residential neighbourhood greenspace is associated with reduced risk of incident diabetes in older people: a prospective cohort study. BMC Public Health. 2016;16(1):1171.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Weinmayr G, Hennig F, Fuks K, Nonnemacher M, Jakobs H, Mohlenkamp S, et al. Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a cohort study: effects of total and traffic-specific air pollution. Environ Health. 2015;14:53.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Weinmayr G, Hennig F, Fuks K, Nonnemacher M, Jakobs H, Mohlenkamp S, et al. Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a cohort study: effects of total and traffic-specific air pollution. Environ Health. 2015;14:53.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Brook RD, Cakmak S, Turner MC, Brook JR, Crouse DL, Peters PA, et al. Long-term fine particulate matter exposure and mortality from diabetes in Canada. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(10):3313–20.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Brook RD, Cakmak S, Turner MC, Brook JR, Crouse DL, Peters PA, et al. Long-term fine particulate matter exposure and mortality from diabetes in Canada. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(10):3313–20.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Strak M, Janssen N, Beelen R, Schmitz O, Vaartjes I, Karssenberg D, et al. Long-term exposure to particulate matter, NO2 and the oxidative potential of particulates and diabetes prevalence in a large national health survey. Environ Int. 2017;108:228–36.CrossRefPubMed Strak M, Janssen N, Beelen R, Schmitz O, Vaartjes I, Karssenberg D, et al. Long-term exposure to particulate matter, NO2 and the oxidative potential of particulates and diabetes prevalence in a large national health survey. Environ Int. 2017;108:228–36.CrossRefPubMed
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Honda T, Pun VC, Manjourides J, Suh H. Associations between long-term exposure to air pollution, glycosylated hemoglobin and diabetes. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2017;220(7):1124–32.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Honda T, Pun VC, Manjourides J, Suh H. Associations between long-term exposure to air pollution, glycosylated hemoglobin and diabetes. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2017;220(7):1124–32.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Qiu H, Schooling CM, Sun S, Tsang H, Yang Y, Lee RS, et al. Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter air pollution and type 2 diabetes mellitus in elderly: a cohort study in Hong Kong. Environ Int. 2018;113:350–6.CrossRefPubMed Qiu H, Schooling CM, Sun S, Tsang H, Yang Y, Lee RS, et al. Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter air pollution and type 2 diabetes mellitus in elderly: a cohort study in Hong Kong. Environ Int. 2018;113:350–6.CrossRefPubMed
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Raaschou-Nielsen O, Sorensen M, Ketzel M, Hertel O, Loft S, Tjonneland A, et al. Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and diabetes-associated mortality: a cohort study. Diabetologia. 2013;56(1):36–46.PubMed Raaschou-Nielsen O, Sorensen M, Ketzel M, Hertel O, Loft S, Tjonneland A, et al. Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and diabetes-associated mortality: a cohort study. Diabetologia. 2013;56(1):36–46.PubMed
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Heidemann C, Niemann H, Paprott R, Du Y, Rathmann W, Scheidt-Nave C. Residential traffic and incidence of type 2 diabetes: the German health interview and examination surveys. Diabet Med. 2014;31(10):1269–76.CrossRefPubMed Heidemann C, Niemann H, Paprott R, Du Y, Rathmann W, Scheidt-Nave C. Residential traffic and incidence of type 2 diabetes: the German health interview and examination surveys. Diabet Med. 2014;31(10):1269–76.CrossRefPubMed
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Clark C, Sbihi H, Tamburic L, Brauer M, Frank LD, Davies HW. Association of long-term exposure to transportation noise and traffic-related air pollution with the incidence of diabetes: a prospective cohort study. Environ Health Perspect. 2017;125(8):087025.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Clark C, Sbihi H, Tamburic L, Brauer M, Frank LD, Davies HW. Association of long-term exposure to transportation noise and traffic-related air pollution with the incidence of diabetes: a prospective cohort study. Environ Health Perspect. 2017;125(8):087025.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Sorensen M, Andersen ZJ, Nordsborg RB, Becker T, Tjonneland A, Overvad K, et al. Long-term exposure to road traffic noise and incident diabetes: a cohort study. Environ Health Perspect. 2013;121(2):217–22.PubMedCrossRef Sorensen M, Andersen ZJ, Nordsborg RB, Becker T, Tjonneland A, Overvad K, et al. Long-term exposure to road traffic noise and incident diabetes: a cohort study. Environ Health Perspect. 2013;121(2):217–22.PubMedCrossRef
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Fujiwara T, Takamoto I, Amemiya A, Hanazato M, Suzuki N, Nagamine Y, et al. Is a hilly neighborhood environment associated with diabetes mellitus among older people? Results from the JAGES 2010 study. Soc Sci Med. 2017;182:45–51.CrossRefPubMed Fujiwara T, Takamoto I, Amemiya A, Hanazato M, Suzuki N, Nagamine Y, et al. Is a hilly neighborhood environment associated with diabetes mellitus among older people? Results from the JAGES 2010 study. Soc Sci Med. 2017;182:45–51.CrossRefPubMed
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu AY, Curriero FC, Glass TA, Stewart WF, Schwartz BS. The contextual influence of coal abandoned mine lands in communities and type 2 diabetes in Pennsylvania. Health Place. 2013;22:115–22.CrossRefPubMed Liu AY, Curriero FC, Glass TA, Stewart WF, Schwartz BS. The contextual influence of coal abandoned mine lands in communities and type 2 diabetes in Pennsylvania. Health Place. 2013;22:115–22.CrossRefPubMed
59.
Zurück zum Zitat den Braver NR, Lakerveld J, Rutters F, Schoonmade LJ, Brug J, Beulens JWJ. Built environmental characteristics and diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med. 2018;16(1):12.CrossRef den Braver NR, Lakerveld J, Rutters F, Schoonmade LJ, Brug J, Beulens JWJ. Built environmental characteristics and diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med. 2018;16(1):12.CrossRef
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Brook RD, Rajagopalan S, Pope CA, Brook JR, Bhatnagar A, Diez-Roux AV, et al. Particulate matter air pollution and cardiovascular disease. An update to the scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2010;121(21):2331–78.CrossRefPubMed Brook RD, Rajagopalan S, Pope CA, Brook JR, Bhatnagar A, Diez-Roux AV, et al. Particulate matter air pollution and cardiovascular disease. An update to the scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2010;121(21):2331–78.CrossRefPubMed
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Glass TA, Bilal U. Are neighborhoods causal? Complications arising from the 'stickiness' of ZNA. Soc Sci Med. 2016;166:244–53.CrossRefPubMed Glass TA, Bilal U. Are neighborhoods causal? Complications arising from the 'stickiness' of ZNA. Soc Sci Med. 2016;166:244–53.CrossRefPubMed
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Braun LM, Rodriguez DA, Song Y, Meyer KA, Lewis CE, Reis JP, et al. Changes in walking, body mass index, and cardiometabolic risk factors following residential relocation: longitudinal results from the CARDIA study. J Transp Health. 2016;3(4):426–39.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Braun LM, Rodriguez DA, Song Y, Meyer KA, Lewis CE, Reis JP, et al. Changes in walking, body mass index, and cardiometabolic risk factors following residential relocation: longitudinal results from the CARDIA study. J Transp Health. 2016;3(4):426–39.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Braun LM, Rodríguez DA, Evenson KR, Hirsch JA, Moore KA, Diez Roux AV. Walkability and cardiometabolic risk factors: cross-sectional and longitudinal associations from the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Health Place. 2016;39:9–17.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Braun LM, Rodríguez DA, Evenson KR, Hirsch JA, Moore KA, Diez Roux AV. Walkability and cardiometabolic risk factors: cross-sectional and longitudinal associations from the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Health Place. 2016;39:9–17.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Cummins S, Macintyre S. Food environments and obesity - neighborhood or nation? Int J Epidemiol. 2006;25. Cummins S, Macintyre S. Food environments and obesity - neighborhood or nation? Int J Epidemiol. 2006;25.
65.
Zurück zum Zitat van Ham M, Manley D, Bailey N, Simpson L, Maclennan D. Understanding neighbourhood dynamics: new insights for neighbourhood effects research. Netherlands: Springer; 2012. van Ham M, Manley D, Bailey N, Simpson L, Maclennan D. Understanding neighbourhood dynamics: new insights for neighbourhood effects research. Netherlands: Springer; 2012.
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Osypuk TL, Tchetgen E, Acevedo-Garcia D, et al. Differential mental health effects of neighborhood relocation among youth in vulnerable families: results from a randomized trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2012;69(12):1284–94.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Osypuk TL, Tchetgen E, Acevedo-Garcia D, et al. Differential mental health effects of neighborhood relocation among youth in vulnerable families: results from a randomized trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2012;69(12):1284–94.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Chetty R, Hendren N, Katz LF. The effects of exposure to better neighborhoods on children: new evidence from the moving to opportunity experiment. Am Econ Rev. 2016;106(4):855–902.CrossRefPubMed Chetty R, Hendren N, Katz LF. The effects of exposure to better neighborhoods on children: new evidence from the moving to opportunity experiment. Am Econ Rev. 2016;106(4):855–902.CrossRefPubMed
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Christine PJ, Young R, Adar SD, Bertoni AG, Heisler M, Carnethon MR, et al. Individual- and area-level SES in diabetes risk prediction: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Am J Prev Med. 2017;53(2):201–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Christine PJ, Young R, Adar SD, Bertoni AG, Heisler M, Carnethon MR, et al. Individual- and area-level SES in diabetes risk prediction: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Am J Prev Med. 2017;53(2):201–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Gabert R, Thomson B, Gakidou E, Roth G. Identifying high-risk neighborhoods using electronic medical records: a population-based approach for targeting diabetes prevention and treatment interventions. PLoS One. 2016;11(7):e0159227.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Gabert R, Thomson B, Gakidou E, Roth G. Identifying high-risk neighborhoods using electronic medical records: a population-based approach for targeting diabetes prevention and treatment interventions. PLoS One. 2016;11(7):e0159227.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Perlman SE, McVeigh KH, Thorpe LE, Jacobson L, Greene CM, Gwynn RC. Innovations in population health surveillance: using electronic health records for chronic disease surveillance. Am J Public Health. 2017;107(6):853–7.CrossRefPubMed Perlman SE, McVeigh KH, Thorpe LE, Jacobson L, Greene CM, Gwynn RC. Innovations in population health surveillance: using electronic health records for chronic disease surveillance. Am J Public Health. 2017;107(6):853–7.CrossRefPubMed
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Cebul RD, Love TE, Jain AK, Hebert CJ. Electronic health records and quality of diabetes care. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(9):825–33.CrossRefPubMed Cebul RD, Love TE, Jain AK, Hebert CJ. Electronic health records and quality of diabetes care. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(9):825–33.CrossRefPubMed
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Io M. Capturing social and behavioral domains and measures in electronic health records: phase 2. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2014. Io M. Capturing social and behavioral domains and measures in electronic health records: phase 2. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2014.
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Florian J, Roy NM, Quintiliani LM, Truong V, Feng Y, Bloch PP, et al. Using Photovoice and asset mapping to inform a community-based diabetes intervention, Boston, Massachusetts, 2015. Prev Chronic Dis. 2016;13:E107.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Florian J, Roy NM, Quintiliani LM, Truong V, Feng Y, Bloch PP, et al. Using Photovoice and asset mapping to inform a community-based diabetes intervention, Boston, Massachusetts, 2015. Prev Chronic Dis. 2016;13:E107.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Hussein M, Diez Roux AV, Mujahid MS, Hastert TA, Kershaw KN, Bertoni AG, Baylin A Unequal exposure or unequal vulnerability? Contributions of neighborhood conditions and cardiovascular risk factors to socioeconomic inequality in incident cardiovascular disease in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Am J Epidemiol. 2017. Hussein M, Diez Roux AV, Mujahid MS, Hastert TA, Kershaw KN, Bertoni AG, Baylin A Unequal exposure or unequal vulnerability? Contributions of neighborhood conditions and cardiovascular risk factors to socioeconomic inequality in incident cardiovascular disease in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Am J Epidemiol. 2017.
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Stringhini S, Batty GD, Bovet P, Shipley MJ, Marmot MG, Kumari M, et al. Association of lifecourse socioeconomic status with chronic inflammation and type 2 diabetes risk: the Whitehall II prospective cohort study. PLoS Med. 2013;10(7):e1001479.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Stringhini S, Batty GD, Bovet P, Shipley MJ, Marmot MG, Kumari M, et al. Association of lifecourse socioeconomic status with chronic inflammation and type 2 diabetes risk: the Whitehall II prospective cohort study. PLoS Med. 2013;10(7):e1001479.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Franco M, Bilal U, Ordunez P, Benet M, Morejon A, Caballero B, et al. Population-wide weight loss and regain in relation to diabetes burden and cardiovascular mortality in Cuba 1980-2010: repeated cross sectional surveys and ecological comparison of secular trends. BMJ. 2013;346:f1515.CrossRefPubMed Franco M, Bilal U, Ordunez P, Benet M, Morejon A, Caballero B, et al. Population-wide weight loss and regain in relation to diabetes burden and cardiovascular mortality in Cuba 1980-2010: repeated cross sectional surveys and ecological comparison of secular trends. BMJ. 2013;346:f1515.CrossRefPubMed
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Lumey LH, Khalangot MD, Vaiserman AM. Association between type 2 diabetes and prenatal exposure to the Ukraine famine of 1932-33: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2015;3(10):787–94.CrossRefPubMed Lumey LH, Khalangot MD, Vaiserman AM. Association between type 2 diabetes and prenatal exposure to the Ukraine famine of 1932-33: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2015;3(10):787–94.CrossRefPubMed
78.
Zurück zum Zitat de Rooij SR, Roseboom TJ, Painter RC. Famines in the last 100 years: implications for diabetes. Curr Diab Rep. 2014;14(10):536.CrossRefPubMed de Rooij SR, Roseboom TJ, Painter RC. Famines in the last 100 years: implications for diabetes. Curr Diab Rep. 2014;14(10):536.CrossRefPubMed
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Arcaya M, James P, Rhodes JE, Waters MC, Subramanian SV. Urban sprawl and body mass index among displaced hurricane Katrina survivors. Prev Med. 2014;65:40–6.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Arcaya M, James P, Rhodes JE, Waters MC, Subramanian SV. Urban sprawl and body mass index among displaced hurricane Katrina survivors. Prev Med. 2014;65:40–6.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Basu S, Meghani A, Siddiqi A. Evaluating the health impact of large-scale public policy changes: classical and novel approaches. Annu Rev Public Health. 2017;38:351–70.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Basu S, Meghani A, Siddiqi A. Evaluating the health impact of large-scale public policy changes: classical and novel approaches. Annu Rev Public Health. 2017;38:351–70.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Craig P, Katikireddi SV, Leyland A, Popham F. Natural experiments: an overview of methods, approaches, and contributions to public health intervention research. Annu Rev Public Health. 2017;38:39–56.CrossRefPubMed Craig P, Katikireddi SV, Leyland A, Popham F. Natural experiments: an overview of methods, approaches, and contributions to public health intervention research. Annu Rev Public Health. 2017;38:39–56.CrossRefPubMed
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Mayne S, Auchincloss A, Michael Y. Impact of policy and built environment changes on obesity-related outcomes: a systematic review of naturally occurring experiments. Obes Rev. 2015;16(5):362–75.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Mayne S, Auchincloss A, Michael Y. Impact of policy and built environment changes on obesity-related outcomes: a systematic review of naturally occurring experiments. Obes Rev. 2015;16(5):362–75.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Steve SL, Tung EL, Schlichtman JJ, Peek ME. Social disorder in adults with type 2 diabetes: building on race, place, and poverty. Curr Diab Rep. 2016;16(8):72.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Steve SL, Tung EL, Schlichtman JJ, Peek ME. Social disorder in adults with type 2 diabetes: building on race, place, and poverty. Curr Diab Rep. 2016;16(8):72.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Kershaw KN, Pender AE. Racial/ethnic residential segregation, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. Curr Diab Rep. 2016;16(11):108.CrossRefPubMed Kershaw KN, Pender AE. Racial/ethnic residential segregation, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. Curr Diab Rep. 2016;16(11):108.CrossRefPubMed
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Flor CR, Baldoni NR, Aquino JA, Baldoni AO, Fabbro ALD, Figueiredo RC et al. What is the association between social capital and diabetes mellitus? A systematic review. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2018. Flor CR, Baldoni NR, Aquino JA, Baldoni AO, Fabbro ALD, Figueiredo RC et al. What is the association between social capital and diabetes mellitus? A systematic review. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2018.
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Downing J, Laraia B, Rodriguez H, Dow WH, Adler N, Schillinger D, et al. Beyond the great recession: was the foreclosure crisis harmful to the health of individuals with diabetes? Am J Epidemiol. 2017;185(6):429–35.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Downing J, Laraia B, Rodriguez H, Dow WH, Adler N, Schillinger D, et al. Beyond the great recession: was the foreclosure crisis harmful to the health of individuals with diabetes? Am J Epidemiol. 2017;185(6):429–35.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Christine PJ, Moore K, Crawford ND, Barrientos-Gutierrez T, Sánchez BN, Seeman T, et al. Exposure to neighborhood foreclosures and changes in cardiometabolic health: results from MESA. Am J Epidemiol. 2017;185(2):106–14.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Christine PJ, Moore K, Crawford ND, Barrientos-Gutierrez T, Sánchez BN, Seeman T, et al. Exposure to neighborhood foreclosures and changes in cardiometabolic health: results from MESA. Am J Epidemiol. 2017;185(2):106–14.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Noriea AH, Patel FN, Werner DA, Peek ME. A narrative review of physician perspectives regarding the social and environmental determinants of obesity. Curr Diab Rep. 2018;18(5):24.CrossRefPubMed Noriea AH, Patel FN, Werner DA, Peek ME. A narrative review of physician perspectives regarding the social and environmental determinants of obesity. Curr Diab Rep. 2018;18(5):24.CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Neighborhood Environments and Diabetes Risk and Control
verfasst von
Usama Bilal
Amy H. Auchincloss
Ana V. Diez-Roux
Publikationsdatum
01.09.2018
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Current Diabetes Reports / Ausgabe 9/2018
Print ISSN: 1534-4827
Elektronische ISSN: 1539-0829
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-018-1032-2

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 9/2018

Current Diabetes Reports 9/2018 Zur Ausgabe

Therapies and New Technologies in the Treatment of Diabetes (M Pietropaolo, Section Editor)

SGLT2 Inhibitors and Cardiovascular Outcomes: Current Perspectives and Future Potentials

Diabetes and Pregnancy (M-F Hivert and CE Powe, Section Editors)

Ethnic Disparities in Gestational Diabetes

Immunology, Transplantation, and Regenerative Medicine (L Piemonti and V Sordi, Section Editors)

Simultaneous Pancreas-Kidney Transplantation Versus Living Donor Kidney Transplantation Alone: an Outcome-Driven Choice?

Other Forms of Diabetes and Its Complications (JJ Nolan and H Thabit, Section Editors)

Stress Hyperglycemia in Patients with Tuberculosis Disease: Epidemiology and Clinical Implications

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.